共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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在不久的将来，若干基于SZ效应的巡天计划即将观测到大量的星系团．分别采用星系团暗物质的球模型和椭球模型，给出了可观测SZ星系团数目的理论预测，并讨论了形状对星系团数目不确定性的影响．在计算中，利用星系团维里平衡的条件，通过巡天观测的流量下限来确定可观测星系团质量下限，进一步由质量函数给出星系团数目预测．计算结果表明：若通过SZ巡天观测来限定宇宙学参数，形状引起的系统不确定性要予以考虑． 相似文献
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在Ｘ射线观测提高了星系团质量和半径测量精度的新形势下，本文讨论了宇宙常数不等于零的平坦宇宙冷暗物质结构形成模型，利用球对称扰动区在宇宙常数不为零时的动力学方程的解，估计了星系团形成红移与宇宙常数是否为零的关系，计算了星系团质量函数随红移的演化．计算表明，红移为零时星系团的数密度基本上由谱参数Γ决定．若假定星系团质量只有２０％的不确定性，可限定Γ的适用范围约为０．１５－０．３２．高红移星系团的数密度观测不仅有可能对宇宙常数是否为零作出鉴别，而且当精度够高时还能对宇宙物质密度的大小作出限制 相似文献
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大爆炸宇宙学模型有6个基本参数一宇宙年龄t0，哈勃常数H0（或哈勃参数h≡H0／100km·s－1·MPc－1），宇宙物质密度参数Ω0，减速因子q0，以及与宇宙学常数A和宇宙的曲率k有关的另外两个参数Ω0A≡A／3H，ΩR≡-K／H。简要介绍了国际上对t0和H0的最近研究进展。由于观测上和理论上都还存在着相当多的不确定因素，目前对这两个参数的取值大小仍然有很大的争议。总的说来，对于宇宙的年龄t0，较普遍的看法是t>11Gyr，其最可见值为t0≈13Ggr。对于哈勃常数H0，如果所测的天体距离尺度较小，则通常给出较大的值h≈0．6-08；而如果所测天体距离尺度较大，则通常给出较小的值h≈0．4－0．6。最近哈勃空间望远镜对M100的观测绘出h≈0．8，这一测量结果仍然含有不确定因素，因而还不能认为H0的大小已有定论。 相似文献
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在Friedmann建立膨胀宇宙模型和Hubble发现膨胀迹象后，宇宙均匀性的假设得到证实是重要的进展，但是此后，由于Hubble常数，宇宙密度和真空能密度未被可靠地确定，宇宙理论尚难以有认真的定量检验，近两年里，这些基本参量的测定有了突破性的进展，它标志着宇宙学理论将在今后一十年内走向成熟。 相似文献
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本文对ＩＲＡＳ暗源表中４个选区内的ＩＲＡＳ星系的两点角相关函数，关联分维进行了计算。结果表明，所有选区内的星系呈现小角尺度上的成团。在较大角尺度上，分布可以用多级分形很好地表示。在更大角尺度上，用非归一星系对计数可以探测到密度分布中可能存在的典型尺度。当取４个选区的平均值作为ＩＲＡＳ星系在宇宙中分布情况的代表时，所得结果与用全天ＩＲＡＳ点源表和其他巡天资料得到的结果一致。 相似文献
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星系的内禀指向(intrinsic alignment, IA)的关联性是弱引力透镜观测中剪切场信号的一个重要系统误差,人们在之前的弱引力透镜研究中已经提出了许多修正该误差的方法。从数据处理方面,人们可以剔除物理距离比较近的星系对,但是这种方法只能近似消除星系内禀指向自相关带来的污染项,并不能消除星系内禀指向与周围物质密度场的相关性,并且这种方法也会丢失很多星系的信息。而目前弱引力透镜观测中广泛使用的IA模型与实际的IA模型可能相差甚远,使用不同的IA模型得到的宇宙学参数会存在很大差别。虽然零调(nulling)技术不用假设IA模型,但是这种技术仅能消除星系内禀指向与周围物质密度场的相关性。另外,由于这种技术须对红移设置不同的权重,所以会失去IA对红移的依赖性。Zhang^[1, 2]提出的自修正方法,在不假设任何IA模型的情况下,利用多种观测量以及几个物理量之间的比例关系就能够把弱引力透镜中的IA信号很好地消除。此自修正方法可望广泛应用于即将开始的第四代弱引力透镜巡天中。 相似文献
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对若干遥远星系中Ⅰa型超新星的观测,以及威尔金森微波各向异性探测器（WMAP）提供的信息和星系斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）的结果都表明宇宙确实在加速膨胀。宇宙加速膨胀说明宇宙中存在着一种排斥力,这种力在星系尺度内并不重要,但在星系之间的环境下,它的作用就十分明显,大多数天文学家认为这种排斥力源于宇宙内存在着的暗能量。但暗能量究竟是什么？一种建议认为暗能量就是爱因斯坦在用广义相对论说明宇宙时,为使宇宙模型维持静止状态而引进的以宇宙学常数（cosmological constant）λ为标志的暗能量,λ与普遍存在于真空空间内的反引力有关,其主要特征是能量密度在宇宙长河的所有时期保持不变,是一个恒量;另一种建议是斯坦哈特（P.Steinhardt）等人提出的充斥在空间中的精质（quintessence）,这种形式的暗能量不是恒定不变的,因时间和空间而异,一些理论工作者建议修改引力学说来说明宇宙加速膨胀现象。美国费米实验室的宇宙学家科尔布（Rocky Kolb）则认为星系在空间分布的不均匀是导致宇宙加速膨胀的诱因。 相似文献
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本文报告了小尺工河外射电源喷流和内禀偏振位置角分布的统计结果，我们发现，毫角秒喷流分布和内禀偏振位置角分布呈各向异性，这一现象的内禀真实性相当值得怀疑，因为它与我们的宇宙学三大基本原则之一相悖，但它在统计上的显著性是相当高的，至少我们可以认为在一些巡天工作中存在在某种不清楚的传播效应，选择效应或缺陷。 相似文献
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António J.C. da Silva 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,290(1-2):167-176
Observations with the SZ effect constitute a powerful new tool for investigating clusters and constraining cosmological parameters. Of particular interest is to investigate how the SZ signal correlates with other cluster properties, such as the mass, temperature and X-ray luminosities. In this presentation we quantify these relations for clusters found in hydrodynamical simulations of large scale structure and investigate their dependence on the effects of radiative cooling and pre-heating. 相似文献
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《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2006,30(2):121-132
In the near future a large number of galaxy clusters will be observed in surveys based on the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) . Both the spherical and ellipsoidal models of the dark matter of galaxy clusters are adopted to make theoretical predictions of the number of observable S-Z galaxy clusters, and to asses the effect of the cluster shape on the calculation. By means of the virial equilibrium condition the mass lower limit of the observable galaxy clusters is determined from given survey flux lower limit and the prediction of the number count of galaxy clusters is carried out by the mass function. The calculated results show that if the cosmological parameters are to be constrained by the S-Z surveys, then the uncertainty in the shape of the clusters should be taken into account. 相似文献
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Rüdiger Kneissl Michael E. Jones Richard Saunders Vincent R. Eke Anthony N. Lasenby Keith Grainge Garret Cotter 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,328(3):783-794
We discuss prospects for cluster detection via the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in a blank field survey with the interferometer array, the Arcminute MicroKelvin Imager (AMI). Clusters of galaxies selected in the SZ effect probe cosmology and structure formation with little observational bias, because the effect measures integrated gas pressure directly, and does so independently of cluster redshift.
We use hydrodynamical simulations in combination with the Press–Schechter expression to simulate SZ cluster sky maps. These are used with simulations of the observation process to gauge the expected SZ cluster counts. Even with a very conservative choice of parameters we find that AMI will discover at least several tens of clusters every year with the numbers depend on factors such as the mean matter density, the density fluctuation power spectrum and cluster gas evolution. The AMI survey itself can distinguish between these to some degree, and parameter degeneracies are largely eliminated given optical and X-ray follow-up of these clusters; this will also permit direct investigation of cluster physics and what drives the evolution. 相似文献
We use hydrodynamical simulations in combination with the Press–Schechter expression to simulate SZ cluster sky maps. These are used with simulations of the observation process to gauge the expected SZ cluster counts. Even with a very conservative choice of parameters we find that AMI will discover at least several tens of clusters every year with the numbers depend on factors such as the mean matter density, the density fluctuation power spectrum and cluster gas evolution. The AMI survey itself can distinguish between these to some degree, and parameter degeneracies are largely eliminated given optical and X-ray follow-up of these clusters; this will also permit direct investigation of cluster physics and what drives the evolution. 相似文献
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J. M.Diego E.Martínez-González J. L.Sanz N.Benitez J.Silk 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,331(3):556-568
We show how future measurements of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (SZE) can be used to constrain the cosmological parameters. We combine the SZ information expected from the Planck full-sky survey, N ( S ), where no redshift information is included, with the N ( z ) obtained from an optically identified SZ-selected survey covering less than 1 per cent of the sky. We demonstrate how with a small subsample (≈300 clusters) of the whole SZ catalogue observed optically it is possible to reduce the degeneracy among the cosmological parameters drastically. We have studied the requirements for performing the optical follow-up and we show the feasibility of such a project. Finally, we have compared the cluster expectations for Planck with those expected for Newton–XMM during their lifetimes. It is shown that, owing to its larger sky coverage, Planck will detect a factor of ∼5 times more clusters than Newton–XMM and also provide a larger redshift coverage. 相似文献
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With the Planck and Herschel satellite missions of the European Space Agency, the far-infrared and submillimeter window will offer new investigation tools toward clusters of galaxies in the distant Universe. These are the Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SZ) effect of the cosmic microwave background and the thermal emission of dust grains. The power of the SZ effect is such that Planckis expected to discover thousands of new clusters at redshifts larger than 0.2, where only a few tens are known today. The dust can be present at large scale in the intracluster medium, and we show that even at very low abundances it is able to be a major cooling agent for the whole cluster. However the dominating dust emission will be that of the background infrared star forming galaxies. In all cases, the data processing of space borne sensitive submillimeter observations of clusters of galaxies such as the one that Planck and Herschel will provide, will require a very carefull combined analysis of the SZ effect and dust thermal emission. 相似文献
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Jörn Geisbüsch Rüdiger Kneissl Michael Hobson 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(1):41-59
We examine the ability of the future Planck mission to provide a catalogue of galaxy clusters observed via their Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) distortion in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). For this purpose we produce full-sky SZ maps based on N -body simulations and scaling relations between cluster properties for several cosmological models. We extrapolate the N -body simulations by a mass function to high redshifts in order to obtain a realistic SZ background. The simulated Planck observations include, besides the thermal and kinematic SZ effects, contributions from the primordial CMB, extragalactic point sources as well as Galactic dust, free–free and synchrotron emission. A harmonic-space maximum-entropy method is used to separate the SZ signal from contaminating components in combination with a cluster detection algorithm based on thresholding and flux integration to identify clusters and to obtain their fluxes. We estimate a survey sensitivity limit (depending on the quality of the recovered cluster flux) and provide cluster survey completeness and purity estimates. We find that, given our modelling and detection algorithm, Planck will reliably detect at least several thousands of clusters over the full sky. The exact number depends on the particular cosmological model (up to 10 000 cluster detections in a concordance ΛCDM model with σ8 = 0.9 ). We show that the Galaxy does not significantly affect the cluster detection. Furthermore, the dependence of the thermal SZ power spectrum on the matter variance on scales of 8 h −1 Mpc and the quality of its reconstruction by the employed method are investigated. Our simulations suggest that the Planck cluster sample will not only be useful as a basis for follow-up observations, but also will have the ability to provide constraints on cosmological parameters. 相似文献
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A. W. Blain 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,297(2):502-510
The intensity of the cosmic microwave background radiation in the fields of clusters of galaxies is modified by inverse Compton scattering in the hot intracluster gas — the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. The effect is expected to be most pronounced at a frequency of about 350 GHz (a wavelength of about 800 μm), and has been detected in the centimetre and millimetre wavebands. In the millimetre/submillimetre waveband, the gravitationally lensed images of distant dusty star-forming galaxies in the background of the cluster are predicted to dominate the appearance of clusters on scales of several arcsec, and could confuse observations of the SZ effect at frequencies greater than about 200 GHz (wavelengths shorter than about 1.5 mm). Recent observations by Smail, Ivison &38; Blain confirm that a significant population of confusing sources is present in this waveband. Previous estimates of source confusion in observations of the millimetre/submillimetre-wave SZ effect did not include the effects of lensing by the cluster, and so the accuracy of such measurements could be lower than expected. Source subtraction may be required in order to measure the SZ effect accurately, and a careful analysis of the results of an ensemble of SZ measurements could be used to impose limits to the form of evolution of distant dusty star-forming galaxies. 相似文献
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M. C. Runyan P. A. R. Ade J. J. Bock J. R. Bond C. Cantalupo C. R. Contaldi M. D. Daub J. H. Goldstein P. L. Gomez W. L. Holzapfel C. L. Kuo A. E. Lange M. Lueker M. Newcomb J. B. Peterson D. Pogosyan A. K. Romer J. Ruhl E. Torbet D. Woolsey 《New Astronomy Reviews》2003,47(11-12):915
We review the first science results from the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR); a multi-frequency millimeter-wave receiver optimized for observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect in clusters of galaxies. ACBAR was installed on the 2 m Viper telescope at the South Pole in January 2001 and the results presented here incorporate data through July 2002. We present the power spectrum of the CMB at 150 GHz over the range ℓ=150–3000 measured by ACBAR as well as estimates for the values of the cosmological parameters within the context of ΛCDM models. We find that the inclusion of ΩΛ greatly improves the fit to the power spectrum. We also observe a slight excess of small-scale anisotropy at 150 GHz; if interpreted as power from the SZ effect of unresolved clusters, the measured signal is consistent with CBI and BIMA within the context of the SZ power spectrum models tested. 相似文献
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Michael Zemcov &#; Colin Borys Mark Halpern Philip Mauskopf Douglas Scott 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,376(3):1073-1098
In a search for evidence of the short wavelength increment in the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, we have analysed archival galaxy cluster data from the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, resulting in the most complete pointed survey of clusters at 850 μm to date. SCUBA's 850-μm passband overlaps the peak of the SZ increment. The sample consists of 44 galaxy clusters in the range 0 < z < 1.3. Maps of each of the clusters have been made and sources have been extracted; as an ancillary product, we generate the most thorough galaxy cluster point source list yet from SCUBA. 17 of these clusters are free of obvious active galactic nuclei (AGN) and have data deep enough to provide interesting measurements of the expected SZ signal. Specialized analysis techniques are employed to extract the SZ effect signal from these SCUBA data, including using SCUBA's short wavelength band as an atmospheric monitor and fitting the long wavelength channel to a model of the spatial distribution of each cluster's SZ effect. By explicitly excising the exact cluster centre from our analysis, we demonstrate that emission from galaxies within the cluster does not contaminate our measurement. The SZ amplitudes from our measurements are consistently higher than the amplitudes inferred from low-frequency measurements of the SZ decrement. 相似文献