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1.
在不同初始条件下试验研究了静置时间对高庙子钠基膨润土GMZ07和MX80膨润土压实样热传导性能的影响。在保持试样干密度和含水率不变情况下,将不同初始状态试样分别静置1、5、30、60、100 d,随后采用热探针法进行热传导系数测试,并对部分试样进行压汞试验。试验结果表明：GMZ07和MX80膨润土的热传导系数均随静置时间的增长而减小,静置早期热传导系数减小较快,随着静置时间延续,热传导系数逐渐趋于稳定。在相同干密度下,静置时间引起的热传导系数减小量随含水率的增大而增大。结合压实膨润土试样的微观孔隙结构变化,认为膨润土热传导系数随静置时间发生变化的主要原因是：试样静置过程中,蒙脱石发生水化膨胀,部分土中水转变成热传导性能较差的惰性水,导致膨润土的热传导系数减小。 相似文献
2.
以美国怀俄明州钠基（MX80）膨润土为研究对象,采用热探针法测定碱−热环境下MX80膨润土的导热系数,探讨了温度、碱液强度和干密度对试样导热系数λ的影响规律,并选择部分试样进行了X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction,简称XRD）和扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope,简称SEM）试验,揭示了碱−热环境下MX80膨润土导热性能演变的微观机制。试验结果表明：MX80膨润土的导热系数λ随碱液含量和干密度的递增而增大;在不同碱液含量条件下,膨润土的导热系数均随温度升高而增大,且碱液含量越高,导热系数的温度效应越显著;干密度较小时,膨润土导热系数λ随温度升高而增大的影响越明显,主要原因是温度促进了试样内部的水汽潜热传输;同一温度和干密度条件下,热传导系数λ随着碱液pH值的升高而降低6,且pH值越高,则λ降幅越明显,主要原因是强碱溶液腐蚀了膨润土的蒙脱石成分,减少了试样内石英含量,增大了膨润土试样的孔隙率,进而降低了膨润土导热系数,这与测试试样的XRD和SEM结果相吻合。 相似文献
3.
混合型缓冲回填材料膨胀力试验研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
与纯膨润土相比,混合型缓冲回填材料（膨润土与石英砂混合物）能够实现防渗阻隔能力、热传导性能、力学强度和可施工性能的最佳组合。选用高庙子钠基膨润土（GMZ001）为缓冲回填材料的主料,添加不同比例的石英砂,对掺砂比分别为0、10%、20%、30%、40%和50%的膨润土-砂混合物压实试样进行室内试验。结果表明,混合物的液限、塑限随掺砂率的增大而线性降低;膨胀力随时间呈指数增长。初始含水率较大时,最大膨胀力随初始含水率的增大略有降低。掺砂率一定时,最大膨胀力随初始干密度指数增长。提出了有效黏土密度的概念,建立了一定初始含水率条件下,任意掺砂率和初始干密度的高庙子膨润土-砂混合物最大膨胀力归一化模型,为混合型缓冲回填材料膨胀力的预测与控制提供了依据。 相似文献
4.
含水率和干密度对黄土热参数影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《岩土力学》2017,(3):656-662
黄土的热参数是黄土灾害成因机制研究及热工计算中的重要指标,而含水率和干密度对黄土的热参数具有一定的影响。对不同含水率、不同干密度黄土试样,采用Test Protocol Hot Disk TPS 2500S型热常数分析仪,在常温下开展热参数试验,探讨黄土热参数随含水率及干密度的变化规律。研究结果表明:黄土试样含水率一定时,干密度越大,其导热系数、比热容及热扩散系数也越大;黄土试样的导热系数和比热容随含水率的增大基本呈线性规律增大;当含水率较低时,热扩散系数随含水率的增大而增大;当达到一定含水率时,热扩散系数随含水率的增大而减小;继续增大含水率,热扩散系数趋于稳定。含水率对黄土热参数的影响程度大于干密度对其热参数的影响程度。在热工计算中,可根据土体含水率和干密度动态地选择热参数。 相似文献
5.
本文用试验方法研究了静置时间对不同含水率高庙子钠基（GMZ07）膨润土强度的影响。在保持试样干密度和含水率不变的情况下,将初始含水率为10%、18%和24%（饱和）3组压实试样分别静置0、5、15、30、90 d,之后采用精度较高的直剪仪在400、800和1 600 kPa垂直压力下进行剪切试验;同时完成了部分试样的压汞试验。结果表明：GMZ07膨润土的剪切强度随静置时间增长而减小;静置前期,强度下降较快;静置时间超过一定天数后,其剪切强度逐渐趋于稳定。根据3种含水率试样的强度包线可得到：随着静置时间增加,饱和试样的内摩擦角略微下降而黏聚力变化不大;含水率10%和18%试样的黏聚力明显变小而内摩擦角几乎不变。根据Alonso等提出的非饱和土有效应力,结合压实膨润土试样的孔径分布,认为集聚体内孔隙增多是非饱和膨润土强度随静置时间而变小的原因。 相似文献
6.
以南宁第三系膨胀泥岩为研究对象,采用热探针法研究含水率、干密度、温度及体积变形率对重塑膨胀岩试样导热系数的影响。研究表明：重塑膨胀岩的导热系数随着含水率、干密度的增加而升高,当含水率从10.4%上升至21.9%时,其导热系数最高上升了135.7%,当干密度从1.50 g/cm~3增加到2.00 g/cm~3时,其导热系数最高上升了133.9%,主要原因是含水率的增加减少了土中空气的热阻作用,干密度的增加使土颗粒之间的接触更为紧密;在潜热传输的作用下,重塑膨胀岩的导热系数随温度的增长而升高,土颗粒在温度的影响下粒径不断增大并发生聚集,为潜热传输提供了有利的条件,重塑膨胀岩导热系数随温度的增长呈现缓慢增长和迅速增长2个不同的阶段;重塑膨胀岩的导热系数随体积变形率的增加而降低,当变形率从0.5%增加到5%时,膨胀岩的导热系数降幅在5.7%～29.5%之间,这是由于吸水膨胀后膨胀岩试样更为松散,土颗粒之间的接触减少。 相似文献
7.
《岩土力学》2017,(10)
黄土的热参数是黄土冻融灾害成因机制研究及热工计算中的重要指标,而温度对黄土的热参数具有一定的影响。对不同含水率、不同干密度的原状黄土试样,采用Test Protocol Hot Disk TPS 2500S型热常数分析仪,在不同温度下开展热参数试验,探讨黄土的热参数随温度的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着温度的降低,试样的导热系数变化曲线大致可分为缓慢增大、迅速增大和基本稳定3个阶段;比热容随温度的降低先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定;热扩散系数则随温度的降低先减小后增大,当温度低于-20℃时保持基本稳定;含水率越大,温度对试样热参数的影响越显著。土体处于未冻结和冻结两种状态下的热参数相差较大。干密度主要通过土体内部矿物质和自由水的含量对热参数产生影响。在黄土冻融灾害成因机制研究和热工计算中,可根据土体温度、含水率和干密度的变化动态选择热参数,而判断土体是否处于冻结状态是确定热参数的关键。 相似文献
8.
纯膨润土中掺入一定比例的石英砂,可以有效地提高工程屏障的热传导特性、力学强度和长期稳定性,并可降低屏障系统的工程造价; 但同时也会改变混合物的土水特征。本文采用水汽平衡法和渗析法吸力控制技术,开展了不同温度(20℃、40℃和60℃)、恒体积条件下,高压实GMZ01膨润土-石英砂混合物(7:3)试样的持水特性试验。结果表明,体积与吸力恒定时,高压实高庙子膨润土-砂混合物的含水量随温度升高而减少,但温度影响幅度取决于吸力水平; 低吸力范围内,混合物的饱和度大于1,其原因可能是由于混合物中结合水密度大所引起的; 基于Frendlund常温方程的万敏模型,能够拟合考虑温度影响的GMZ01膨润土-砂混合物土水特征曲线。 相似文献
9.
高放废物地质处置库缓冲/回填材料的重要作用之一是传导和散失高放废物衰变热,在膨润土中添加石英砂、石墨、花岗岩岩屑等导热性能较好的添加剂是提高缓冲/回填材料导热性能的主要方法。选用北山花岗岩岩屑为添加剂,与高庙子钠基膨润土GMZ01组成混合材料,制备不同含水率、不同密度的试样。使用Hot Disk TPS2500s热常数分析仪测定样品的导热系数,分析其与花岗岩岩屑含量、干密度、饱和度等参数的关系,并运用多种混合物热传导模型分析预测导热系数。研究结果表明,花岗岩岩屑能够有效提高缓冲/回填材料的导热性能,混合材料的导热系数分别与其饱和度、气体体积存在线性关系;Maxwell方程能够较好预测北山花岗岩岩屑-膨润土混合材料的导热系数。 相似文献
10.
对两种高庙子钠基膨润土（简称GMZ001和GMZ07）在不同初始干密度下进行膨胀力试验、常压力下的膨胀变形试验以及压缩试验。试验结果表明,GMZ001的膨胀能力要比GMZ07的大,并且GMZ001比GMZ07更难压实。对饱和后两种膨润土进行压汞试验和扫描电子显微镜测试后发现,在相同孔隙比下,GMZ07集聚体间孔隙较多,并且GMZ001集聚体的水化程度大于GMZ07。结合土工和微观试验的结果,认为导致两者力学性能差异的主要原因是由于颗粒粒径大小的差异以及蒙脱石含量的不同。最后利用蒙脱石孔隙比的概念对两种膨润土的浸水膨胀试验结果进行归一化,并对膨润土的膨胀特性进行了预测。 相似文献
11.
An unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model for compacted GMZ01 bentonite with consideration of temperature 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W. M. Ye M. Wan B. Chen Y. G. Chen Y. J. Cui J. Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1937-1944
As one of the most important properties of compacted bentonite used as buffer/backfill materials, hydraulic conductivity is influenced by various factors including temperature, microstructure and suction (or degree of saturation), etc. Based on the readily available results of both temperature-controlled water-retention tests and unsaturated infiltration tests under confined (constant volume) conditions, influences of temperature and microstructure variations on unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the compacted Gaomiaozi (GMZ01) bentonite were analyzed. Then, a revised unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model considering temperature effects and microstructure changes was developed. With this proposed model, prediction and comparison were made on the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of the compacted GMZ01 bentonite at 20 °C. Results show that water-retention capacity of compacted GMZ01 bentonite decreases as temperature increases and the degree of the temperature influence depends on suction. Under confined conditions, influence of hydration on microstructure of compacted GMZ01 bentonite depends on pore size. The proposed model can well describe the variations of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity with suction at different temperatures. However, further improvement of the proposed model is needed to account for the phenomenon of inter-aggregate pores clogging that occurred at the initial stage of hydration of compacted GMZ01 bentonite under confined conditions. 相似文献
12.
Snehasis Tripathy Ramakrishna Bag Hywel Rhys Thomas 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(4):749-763
The effects of post-compaction residual lateral stress and salt concentration in the hydrating fluid on swelling pressures of compacted MX80 bentonite is brought out in this paper. In order to release the residual lateral stresses, following the static compaction process during preparation of specimens, compacted bentonite specimens were extruded from the specimen rings and then inserted back prior to testing them for swelling pressures in isochoric condition. The swelling pressure tests were carried out at several dry densities of the bentonite with distilled water and solutions of NaCl (0.1 and 1.0 M) as the hydrating fluids. With water, the test results showed that specimens that underwent extrusion and insertion processes exhibited about 10–15 % greater swelling pressures as compared to the specimens those that were compacted and tested. The influence of saline solutions was found to reduce the swelling pressure of the bentonite, but their impact was less significant at high compaction dry densities. 相似文献
13.
Jiang-Feng Liu Hong-Yang Ni Yong-Gui Chen Yu Wu Shuai-Bing Song Xu-Lou Cao Wen-Bo Bao Hai Pu Xian-Biao Mao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(16):583
In this study, water retention tests under free swelling conditions were performed to investigate the water intake (or loss) behaviour of compacted GMZ bentonite. First, the water retention characteristics were investigated, and then the microscopic pore structure was observed by environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results indicate that GMZ bentonite has a strong swelling (or a limited shrinkage ability) due to water intake (loss). The suction behaviour of GMZ bentonite is similar to MX80 bentonite and FEBEX bentonite. We also find that the confinement conditions can affect the suction behaviour of the material, especially at high relative humidity (RH). Additionally, a mathematic model can fit the mass change data very well. Microscopic tests show that the granular sensation of GMZ bentonite is obvious for a sample at low RH. With the increase in RH, the surface of GMZ bentonite becomes more smooth. The differences in the porosities calculated by the macroscopic and microscopic tests can be attributed to image resolution. The inter-laminar pores and intra-aggregate pores cannot be observed by the ESEM method. In addition, ESEM observation can provide an intuitive basis for the further research of the seepage property of GMZ bentonite. 相似文献
14.
An approach for predicting swelling pressure of bentonites based on thermodynamic relationships between swelling pressure and suction is presented in this paper. The proposed method requires sorption isotherm data of the bentonites. A series of swelling pressure tests were performed on compacted specimens of bentonite-sand mixtures with different bentonite contents, water contents, and dry densities. The sorption isotherm of the pure bentonite was measured using a chilled-mirror hygrometer. It is found that the method works well for the bentonite-sand mixtures tested. Several published data on bentonites that have been proposed to be used as buffer and sealing material for nuclear waste repository were collected and used to verify the method. The proposed method is found to be also applicable for other bentonites of different types and therefore, can be used to predict swelling pressure of bentonites. 相似文献