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1.
《岩土力学》2017,(Z2):217-222
利用改造的非饱和土固结仪对Q_3重塑黄土分别进行了无应力作用的分级增湿试验和控制基质吸力的压缩试验,测试得到了土–水特征曲线和压缩应力–应变曲线,研究了饱和度与基质吸力和含水率与基质吸力之间关系、压缩屈服应力随基质吸力的变化规律和湿陷系数随基质吸力的变化规律。研究结果表明,非饱和重塑黄土的吸力较大时土的强度较大,其压缩变形较小,非饱和重塑黄土的结构屈服压力较大;非饱和土基质吸力一定时,随着压力的增大,湿陷系数呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;同一净压缩应力下非饱和土基质吸力越大,湿陷系数越大,吸力越小,土样的?_s(p=200 k Pa)越小,当?_s(p=200 k Pa)超过约0.1时,?_s(p=200 k Pa)与基质吸力(u_a-u_w)近似呈指数增加。 相似文献
2.
为研究吸力及压实度对非饱和压实填土压缩变形特性的影响,并建立脱湿（吸力增长）状态下的填方土体工后沉降变形修正计算应用模型,开展了控制吸力和压实度的一维非饱和土侧限压缩试验。结果表明：压缩曲线平缓段随压实度和吸力的提高而增长,表明土样的结构屈服强度同步得到提高;在比容v变化差值序列上,饱和土压缩土样最大、常规压缩土样次之、脱湿土样最小,并且吸力越大,比容v变化差值越小。经历脱湿（吸力增长）后的压实土压缩性降低,定义和建立了吸力压缩系数 及其经验模型,用以表征和度量吸力和压实度对压缩特性的影响规律及程度,发现 随竖向应力增加呈现指数型衰减。对模型参数与压实土相关参量间的关联性进行了分析探讨,同一压实度土样不同吸力所对应的参数 均值随压实水平提高而线性减小,参数λ总体上随吸力的增加而增大,但随压实度的提高吸力对于土体抗压性增强的贡献水平降低且参数 试验数值点靠拢线性趋近线,土样的压缩性随压实度和吸力大小变化而动态调整。基于分层总和法的基本原理初步构造建立了高填方非饱和填土压缩变形修正计算模型（MS）,其应用途径应建立在进一步对非饱和压实填土受荷状态下脱湿土-水特征关系的研究基础之上。 相似文献
3.
天然土尤其是地表浅层土常处于非饱和状态,其小应变剪切模量是预测地基变形及土工结构物动力反应的一个重要参数。通过对非饱和压实粉土三轴样进行弯曲元试验,研究了吸力和干湿路径对其小应变剪切模量的影响。试验结果表明,非饱和压实粉土样的小应变剪切模量各向异性忽略不计;小应变剪切模量G0(vh)、G0(hh)和G0(hv)均随吸力增大而非线性增大;同一吸力下不同干湿路径上的土样,饱和度不同,其小应变剪切模量随饱和度升高而减小,主要原因是土的平均骨架应力和土中毛细水的作用。根据试验结果对非饱和土小应变剪切模量的半经验公式进行了改进,同时考虑了吸力与饱和度的作用。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2017,(Z2):145-150
含水率的增减变化是非饱和土强度改变的关键因素。开展室内脱湿条件下压试样的直剪试验结果表明,在土样脱湿条件下土体抗剪强度特性变化显著,低含水率下非饱和黏性土抗剪强度变化有明显峰值,展示应变软化特性,高含水率下展示应变强化特性。通过联系土–水特征关系(SWCC)及吸应力特征关系(SSCC)曲线建立的非饱和土抗剪强度模型,能够预测含水率变化下非饱和土的抗剪强度演化。基于实测数据开展的模型验证结果表明,所建模型利用测定的土–水特性和饱和土的抗剪强度参数,能够准确地确定脱湿过程中非饱和土的吸力强度,该模型的应用将极大地简化试验和节约测试时间。采用核磁共振(NMR)技术对脱湿过程中的剪切样开展了孔隙水分布的测试,从微观上解释了非饱和黏土抗剪强度随含水率改变的演化机理。 相似文献
5.
非饱和土的本构模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引用平均土骨架应力的概念,研究推导出非饱和土的刚度参数随吸力变化而变化的关系式,进而推导得到用平均土骨架应力表述的非饱和土LC屈服面函数以及硬化规律。从土力学原理推导,得到土样由于在净应力和吸力作用下产生体积变形引起土样饱和度变化的关系式。由平均土骨架应力推广,得到三轴应力状态的椭圆屈服函数,这一非饱和土本构模型的优点在于考虑了应力作用后土样饱和度的变化,通过对已有试验数据的初步验证,表明提出的非饱和土本构模型的合理性和适用性。 相似文献
6.
在Wheeler本构模型框架的基础上,提出了一个水力与力学耦合的本构模型。该模型中的土-水特征曲线采用毛细滞回内变量模型,能够更好地描述水力历史变化下毛细滞回现象对非饱和多孔介质变形的影响,同时也可描述非饱和多孔介质变形对渗流的影响。非饱和土的强度不仅与吸力有关,而且受到饱和度的影响。相同的吸力下,土样经过吸湿和脱湿路径的饱和度不同,因此,非饱和土的强度也不同。此模型以体积含水率的塑性变化和体变的塑性变化为硬化参数,不仅能描述基质吸力对非饱和土的强化作用,而且考虑了饱和度对强度及变形的影响。试验结果与模型预测基本吻合,证明该模型能够模拟非饱和土的主要特性。为了简化,此模型是在各向同性荷载下推得的,有待于推广到一般的应力状态 相似文献
7.
针对原状非饱和及饱和黄土的体积变形问题,提出了一个复合体计算模型。该模型将黄土看作由各自均匀分布于土中的原状部分和扰动部分组成的,这两部分土体的体积比率,可由黄土结构的微观几何模型、孔隙率密度曲线及考虑广义吸力的微结构失稳条件计算得出。假设原状部分仅发生弹性变形,扰动部分符合重塑土的变形规律。复合体的应变增量包括原状部分的弹性、重塑土的塑性及结构崩塌3部分;其中：结构崩塌变形特指微结构失稳时原状土体的孔隙率突然变为重塑土的孔隙率;重塑土的体积应变形采用广义吸力理论计算。采用不同的初始饱和度的黄土结构强度计算出非饱和土微观结构刚度与饱和度的函数,从而获得非饱和土黄土微观结构失稳的判别条件。分别计算了低含水天然非饱和及饱和黄土的压缩曲线,并与试验结果对比说明了模型的合理性。 相似文献
8.
为了研究非饱和重塑黄土在三轴试验条件下的湿陷变形,利用自主研发的三轴试验土样变形数字图像测量系统,对其在均等围压下的三轴固结变形进行了初步研究。研究了非饱和黄土固结变形过程中轴向应变、径向应变、体积应变和时间之间的关系以及体积应变和压力之间的关系,并对比了单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验中体积应变和压力的关系。试验研究表明,在含水率一定的条件下轴向应变、径向应变和体积应变与时间的关系可以用双曲线模式表达,其表征最终变形量的参数依赖于均等固结压力。 相似文献
9.
剪切带的体积变形研究对于正确认识剪切带的变形破坏机理具有重要意义。为了研究单轴压缩黏土试样剪切带的体积变形特征,在土样微裂纹出现时根据局部体积应变较高的位置（位于剪切带上）布置测线,在利用数字图像相关方法获得的应变场进行插值的基础上,统计获得局部体积应变的均值和标准差的演变规律,提出了局部扩容角的概念。研究发现:（1）总体上,在压缩过程中,剪切带的体积变形由压缩向膨胀转变,但期间会出现由膨胀到压缩的反复过程。（2）尽管在加载过程中土样整体一直表现为压缩,但局部（剪切带上一些位置）体积膨胀发生于纵向应变=0.04~0.09时,若以测线上局部体积应变的均值出现大于0作为评价标准,则局部体积膨胀发生于纵向应变=0.06~0.14时。（3）局部体积应变的峰迁移的速度可达（3.77~8.48）×10-5m·s-1。（4）若根据局部体积应变的高值区位置布置测线,当测线上局部体积应变的均值从小于0变为大于0之后,土样整体体积表现为压缩,剪切带上局部扩容角的最大值在13.47°~56.26°之间快速增加。若根据狭长剪切带位置布置测线,剪切带上局部扩容角的平均值在16.60°~45.79°之间快速增加。在土样整体表现为压缩的前提下,通过定义常规意义上的扩容角,不能解释客观发生的局部体积膨胀现象。 相似文献
10.
基于已建立的非饱和土中的波动方程,第1次从理论上推证出非饱和土中存在4种体波,即1种S波和3种P波（P1波、P2波和P3波）,并导出了4种体波的波速以及衰减的解析表达式,分析了4种体波的波速、衰减与频率以及饱和度之间的关系。结果表明：3种P波中P3波波速最小,衰减最大;P1波波速最大,衰减最小;P2波则介于二者之间。4种体波都具有弥散性,一般而言,波速随频率的提高而有所减小,而衰减则有所增大。随含气量的提高,P1波的波速减小,P2波和S波的波速增大,而P3波则受含气量的影响很小;P1波和P3波的衰减都有所减小,但变化不是很显著,P2波的衰减基本不随含气量的变化而变化,S波几乎不存在衰减现象。 相似文献
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12.
An experimental study is conducted to measure small-strain shear modulus of clay-cement mixture using bender element apparatus
setup in a triaxial cell. Bender element tests were conducted on cement-treated soils and the results were analyzed to study
the variation of shear modulus properties of soil specimens at different cement contents, confining pressures, curing times,
and compaction moisture contents. Based on the obtained results increasing the cement ratio has a significant effect on the
small-strain shear modulus of the treated soils, and this effect signifies with increasing the moisture content and curing
time. Rates of shear modulus enhancements due to cement content, curing time, and compaction moisture content are quantified
and presented. In this study, a clay–cement–water ratio formulation is proposed that enables one to calculate cement and water
contents required to obtain specific small-strain shear modulus. 相似文献
13.
Auckpath Sawangsuriya Meissa Fall Dante Fratta 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(5):567-578
A rapid, low-cost evaluation methodology using the wave-based techniques is proposed in this study in order to determine the
design parameters e.g., elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the laboratory compacted lateritic soils. Knowing the elastic
wave velocities as measured with the wave propagation technique (i.e., a small-strain non-destructive test) and total mass
density of the specimens, the elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio of the soil specimens can be determined. In addition, the
unconfined compression test (i.e., a large-strain destructive test) is also performed on the same specimens under the same
unconfined testing condition in order to compare the moduli corresponding to different strain levels. The experimental results
showed the potentials and limitations of using impulse signal for the determination of the elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio
for laboratory compacted soil specimens from elastic wave propagation techniques. 相似文献
14.
Small-Strain Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Sand-Rubber and Gravel-Rubber Mixtures 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Anastasios Anastasiadis Kostas Senetakis Kyriazis Pitilakis 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(2):363-382
This study examines the small-strain dynamic properties of mixtures composed of sandy and gravelly soils with granulated tire
rubber in terms of shear modulus (GO), and damping ratio in shear (Dmin). Torsional resonant column tests are performed on dry, dense specimens of soil-rubber mixtures in a range of soil to rubber
particles size 5:1–1:10 and rubber content from 0 to 35% by mixture weight. The experimental results indicate that the response
of the mixtures is significantly affected by the content of rubber and the relative size of rubber to soil particles. Concering
the small-strain shear modulus, an equivalent void ratio is introduced that considers the volume of rubber particles as part
of the total volume of voids. Based on a comprehensive set of test results a series of equations were developed that can be
used to evaluate the shear modulus and damping ratio at small shear strain levels if the confining pressure, the content of
rubber by mixture weight, the grain size of soil and rubber particles, and the dynamic and physical properties of the intact
soil are known. 相似文献
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16.
A compiled database of shear wave velocity measurements in a variety of clays, silts and sands shows directional hierarchies between downhole (VsVH), standard crosshole (VsHV), and rotary crosshole (VsHH) tests. The special in situ database has been collected from 33 well-documented geotechnical test sites. Expressions relating the small-strain shear modulus in terms of effective confining stress level, stress history and void ratio are explored for each of these three modes of directional shear wave velocity. The relationships are separated initially into soil groups (intact clays, fissured clays, sands and silts), and then generalised to consider all soil types together. 相似文献
17.
Aliakbar Hajimohammadi Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini Akbar Cheshomi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(4):813-820
Shear wave velocity is one of the important factors representing the dynamic characteristics of soil layers. Hence, many researchers
have focused their studies on determining shear wave velocity by direct field measurements or expressions developed by other
soil parameters. The shear module and damping ratio of the soil layers also play a similar role in the majority of dynamic
soil response analyses. Nevertheless, since they have to be measured in the laboratory by resonant column or cyclic triaxial
tests on undisturbed samples, the possibility of preparing such samples and the reliability of the obtained results are of
great concerns. In the present study, great effort has been made to determine the above dynamic factors by means of field
data obtained from a versatile instrument, namely the seismic piezocone (SPCTU), and to derive expressions correlating them with some parameters obtainable by much simpler instruments. The reliability
of laboratory measurements on undisturbed samples is also evaluated. The seismic piezocone test apparatus has been employed
to evaluate the soil properties at 1-m depth intervals by means of measuring tip resistance, sleeve resistance, pore pressure
and shear wave velocity. The shear module and the damping ratio are calculated using field data. Meanwhile, in order to assess
the laboratory measurements of these parameters, some resonant column tests and cyclic triaxial tests on undisturbed samples
of the same soil layers have been carried out. In order to compare the field results of shear modulus and damping ratios with
those obtained from laboratory tests, the influences of the soil nature and sample disturbance on the conventional laboratory
methods are evaluated and discussed. The shear wave velocity is correlated to overburden pressure and the corrected tip resistance
for two groups of fine soils, namely silty clays and carbonate clayey silts, which mainly cover the areas under study in this
project, are located in southern parts of Iran near the Persian Gulf. According to the results of the present study, there
are narrow limits of shear modulus regarding soils for which the laboratory tests and the field measurements yield approximately
the same shear modulus. This limit of shear modulus is about 30–50(MPa) for clay deposits and 70–100 (MPa) for sandy deposits.
Also the shear wave velocity can be calculated by a simple expression from total overburden pressure and the tip resistance
of simple cone penetration test results conventionally available in many soil explorations prior to engineering practices.
However, if the pore pressure inside the saturated soil deposits can be measured by a piezocone apparatus, the shear wave
velocity may be calculated using another suggested equation in terms of effective overburden pressure in the present study.
Regarding the shear module and the damping ratio, due to the disturbances of the stiff deposits in the sampling process and
great deviations of laboratory results from field results, the laboratory measurements of these parameters out of the above
limits are not recommended. 相似文献
18.
冻土动力学参数研究的成果综述与展望 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过对前人的试验成果进行整理, 得到冻土动力学参数随温度、频率、应变幅、含水量和围压等因素的整体变化规律. 整体上看, 冻土的动弹性模量和动剪切模量随温度的降低而增大、随荷载振动频率的增加而增大、随动应变幅的增加而减小、随含水量的增加先增大后减小、随围压的增加而增大; 冻土的泊松比随温度的降低而增大; 冻土的阻尼比随温度的降低而减小, 随频率、应变幅、含水量、围压的变化规律性不强. 通过对试验条件和数值模拟时的实际工况对比分析, 给出如下建议: 动弹性模量和动剪切模量的预估适合用两段式线性模型, -5℃可以作为两段式的分界点; 列车荷载作用下冻土的动力响应属于小应变幅的振动, 冻土动力学参数应选择波速法的试验结果. 相似文献