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提出了一种提高单孔法剪切波速测量精度的新方法--能量变化率的自回归曲线法。首先把剪切波的时程曲线变换为能量变化率时程曲线;然后对能量变化率时程曲线进行长短平均处理,拾取各测点P波和S波的大致初至;最后提出采用一种二次方自回归模型对初至附近的能量变化率曲线进行二次方自回归处理,精确拾取出各测点P波和S波的精确到时。采用此方法、互相关函数法和人工拾取法对某场地的剪切波速进行了对比分析。分析结果表明：此方法相比互相关函数法,具有更好的噪声抑制能力,不仅能精确地自动拾取出各测点的S波的到时差,也能更准确地自动拾取出各测点的P波的到时差。以人工拾取结果为参考,此方法在实际测试中具有很高的准确率和稳定性。此方法丰富了场地剪切波速分析方法。基于此方法、互相关函数法和人工拾取法,设计了一套剪切波波速的测试系统,此系统能自动分析出各测点的剪切波速和形成完整的报告。 相似文献
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饱和土动力反应中两类压缩波的独立作用分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
饱和土动力反应中存在2种类型的压缩波，它们有不同的特性，第1类压缩波类似于单相体中的压缩波；第2类压缩波由于有粘滞阻尼而衰减很快，由于数学分析和实验观测的复杂性，这两类压缩波在饱和土动力反应中的独立作用并不为人熟知，沿有J.Yang提出的方法求解基岩上的饱和土层在地表受到竖向均布简谐荷载作用下的稳态反应，通过分离变量得到解析解，定量比较了两类压缩波对土骨架位移、土体总应力、孔隙水压的独立作用。还讨论他粘性和荷载频率对两类压缩波的影响。 相似文献
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判断剪切波到达时间并计算相应的剪切波速是弯曲元试验的关键问题之一。受到试验仪器差异和研究者波速判断主观性的影响,很难客观地、准确地获得土体的剪切波速。针对该问题,提出采用侧装式弯曲元测试系统测量剪切波传播时间和土体的剪切波速,利用上海典型的淤泥质黏土进行试验,分别采用初达波法、特征值法和互相关法计算土体的剪切波速。试验结果表明,（1）初达波法在信号判定过程主观性较大,土体剪切波速受发射信号频率的影响明显;（2）采用第二峰值点（特征点法）得到的试验结果波动性较小;（3）在满足相似性的前提下,互相关法在一定频率范围内（20～30 kHz）提高了确定剪切波速的客观性,降低了因试验者或激发频率的不同对试验结果产生较大影响的可能性。 相似文献
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交通荷载作用下地基中Love波的传播特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Love波的传播特性对动力响应和工程勘探都具有重要意义。运用解析法建立了交通荷载作用下双层地基中Love波的特征方程和位移表达式,并对方程进行了求解,得到了不同交通荷载情况下地基中Love波的弥散特性和位移分布情况。结果表明,交通荷载作用下Love表面波的传播速度不仅与土层的剪切波速度有关,而且与土层的压缩波速度有关。 相似文献
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基于多重互相关函数分析剪切波速 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了一种提高单孔法剪切波速测量精度的新方法-多重互相关函数法。考虑到判断场地剪切波到时差的困难,提出了用多重互相关函数来求得两剪切波的到时差。互相关分析可求取两相似信号的到时差,但当两信号相似性比较差时,所求得到时差的误差较大;自相关函数本身可进行多重自相关分析,互相关函数结合多重自相关函数后,也可以进行多重互相关分析来求取两相似信号的到时差。试验表明：相比互相关函数,多重互相关函数可改善触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的相似性及更好地抑制噪声,因此能更精确地计算出触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的的到时差。基于此原理设计了剪切波波速的测试系统,此系统能自动分析出测点的剪切波速和形成完整的报告。 相似文献
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声波测井属于地震勘探,也是原位测试技术,依据激发接收装置的不同分类也不同,目前广泛使用的是单孔检层法。这里对声波测井技术原理进行了详细说明,震源设置、测试方法和资料处理也较为详细地介绍说明,通过锤击的方式可以获取反相的剪切波记录,利用初至的时间差异,可以求取每层的剪切波速,进而获取等效剪切波速,为场地类别划分、动力学参数和卓越周期的求取提供数据,并通过实例进行了实际应用,该方法有待于进一步完善和发展。 相似文献
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多年冻土地区铁路路基的振动与环境变化对路基稳定性的影响问题日益突出,为了评价这种影响引起的青藏铁路多年冻土区冻土的变化状况,首次应用了一种简便、高效、环保的瞬态面波勘探方法对其天然地表和典型结构路基及其下部多年冻土层进行了勘探。试验数据良好、频散特征显著,通过反演分析得到了青藏高原多年冻土地区天然地表和典型结构路基下部土体的剪切波速度剖面和多年冻土的分布。勘探结果表明,青藏铁路北麓河试验段勘探区内多年冻土上限一般为2 m,层厚为20 m左右,多年冻土层Vs平均为600 m/s以上。该结果与该区地质钻探编录和钻孔波速测试结果较为一致,说明瞬态面波勘探在自然环境严峻的青藏高原多年冻土地区有着良好的适用性。 相似文献
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研究深土冻融过程的声波响应特性,对于声波技术应用于深厚表土层人工冻结工程有重要意义。深土原位冻融始终处于高地应力环境下,但目前声波测试装置尚不具备高压冻融条件下的测试功能。为此本文结合弯曲元测试技术,研制了侧装式弯曲元高压冻融试验装置,以了解高应力条件下深土冻融过程的剪切波速。该试验装置主要由试样承压舱、加载系统、控温系统、数据采集系统和弯曲元测试系统构成。系统核心单元——试样承压舱采用双层筒结构,内筒为聚四氟乙烯筒,外筒为钢筒,弯曲元探头设置于内层筒侧壁。通过数值计算确定内筒壁厚8mm,外筒壁厚15mm,该结构可满足高应力下承压舱的抗变形、隔热和隔振要求。利用弯曲元测试系统研究了声波走时确定方法,以及激励波形和频率等测试参数。根据测试结果,本试验条件下声波走时采用初达波法确定,激励波形采用方波,高密度冻土和未冻土的激励频率分别选择4kHz和5kHz。最后,利用该装置测试了有载条件下深部黏土不同负温下的剪切波速,初步验证了装置的适用性。 相似文献
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An inclination factor is proposed in this paper to enhance the accuracy of the parallel seismic method for pile length assessment when a borehole is not drilled perfectly parallel with the tested foundation. Three-dimensional axisymmetric finite element models were performed to show the effects of the inclined angles of the borehole. A series of parametric studies, including the pile length, the borehole distance, and the wave propagation velocity of the soil, were also carried out to investigate their effects on the derived modified factor for pile length prediction. The results from the numerical models show that the estimated error (5–20%) of the pile lengths increases with the increasing inclined angles, and can be reduced to less than 5% when the derived inclination factor is considered. In addition, the slope of the top fitted straight line in the first arrival time versus depth plot does not represent the true P-wave velocity of the tested structure if the borehole is not perfectly parallel with the pile foundation and use of this value to determine the quality of the tested pile foundation would be unsuitable. However, this unreasonable value of the P-wave velocity of the tested pile can be used as a guide, representing the inclination of the borehole. 相似文献
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The estimation of wave transmission across the fractured rock masses is of great importance for rock engineers to assess the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. Presence of fault, as a major discontinuity, in the jointed rock mass can significantly impact on the peak particle velocity and transmission of blast waves, particularly where a fault contains a thick infilling with weak mechanical properties. This paper aims to study the effect of fault properties on transmission of blasting waves using the distinct element method. First, a validation study was carried out on the wave transmission across a single joint and different rock mediums through undertaking a comparative study against analytical models. Then, the transmission of blast wave across a fault with thick infilling in the Golgohar iron mine, Iran, was numerically studied, and the results were compared with the field measurements. The blast wave was numerically simulated using a hybrid finite element and finite difference code which then the outcome was used as the input for the distinct element method analysis. The measured uplift of hanging wall, as a result of wave transmission across the fault, in the numerical model agrees well with the recorded field measurement. Finally, the validated numerical model was used to study the effect of fault properties on wave transmission. It was found that the fault inclination angle is the most effective parameter on the peak particle velocity and uplift. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Shear wave velocity is a fundamental property of a granular assembly. It is a measure of the true elastic stiffness of a bulk specimen of discrete grains. Shear wave velocity is typically measured in the laboratory (e.g., using bender elements) or in-situ (e.g., using a seismic cone penetrometer, sCPT). In the current work, shear wave propagation is modeled numerically using the discrete element method (DEM). First, an appropriate method for measuring wave velocity is identified. Then the effects of particle size and elastic properties are investigated. Specimen fabric is then quantified before and after wave excitation and the elasticity of the response at the scale of the particle contacts is investigated. The results show that shear wave velocity may be robustly measured for discrete numerical specimens. The ability to measure shear wave velocity using DEM simulations may provide another tool for researchers seeking to link results from physical and numerical experiments. 相似文献
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针对浮式海洋结构采用的桩基础,考虑土的循环软化效应,将软土的循环强度与Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则相结合,基于拟静力弹塑性分析建立了循环波浪载荷作用下斜向抗拔桩循环承载性能的计算模型,确定了斜向上载荷作用下抗拔桩的循环承载力,并与单调加载作用下的斜向抗拔桩的极限承载力进行了对比,进一步探讨了桩长、桩径、桩体模量及载荷循环次数等因素对斜向抗拔桩循环承载力的影响。研究结果表明：循环波浪荷载的作用导致了斜向抗拔桩土体循环强度的分布不均匀,从而降低了地基的循环承载力。斜向抗拔桩的动态极限承载力随循环次数的增加而降低,随桩长、桩径及桩体模量的增大而增大。 相似文献
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利用安装在共振柱测试系统中的弯曲-伸展元,开展了干砂中P波（压缩波）和S波（剪切波）的室内试验,详细地分析了干砂中P波和S波的信号特征,研究了输入频率、土体密实度和有效围压对输出信号的影响。对比各种信号分析方法,并参考共振柱试验结果确定了S波的传播时间。根据实测波速和波动理论,确定了土体的弹性参数,包括剪切模量,侧限模量和泊松比。研究结果表明,P波和S波的输出信号频率在一定程度上随输入信号频率、土体密实度和有效围压的增加而增加,且P波信号比S波信号更容易确定波的传播时间;土体的弹性模量随土体密实度和有效围压的增加而增加,但剪切模量增长比侧限模量快;土体的泊松比并非一个常数,随着土体密实度和有效围压的增加而下降。初步探讨了利用剪切模量估算泊松比,以方便实际工程应用。 相似文献
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The driving response of thin‐walled open‐ended piles is studied using numerical simulation of the wave propagation inside the soil plug and the pile. An elastic finite element analysis is carried out to identify the stress wave propagation in the vicinity of the pile toe. It is found that the shear stress wave has the highest magnitude above the bottom of the soil plug. Below the bottom of the soil plug, the vertical stress wave has the highest magnitude. Although the shear stress wave propagating in the radial direction is similar in magnitude to the vertical stress wave at the bottom of the soil plug, it decays rapidly while travelling downwards. The highest vertical stress at the bottom of the soil plug appears after the vertical stress wave interacts with the shear stress wave travelling in the radial direction. Initially, the vertical stress wave propagates with the dilation wave velocity in both the radial and vertical directions. After it interacts with the shear stress wave, the vertical stress wave starts to propagate with the shear wave velocity in the radial direction and with the axial wave velocity downwards. It is concluded that at the bottom of the soil plug, the interaction between the waves travelling in radial and vertical directions is important. The capabilities of several one‐dimensional pile‐in‐pile models to reproduce the driving response given by a two‐dimensional axisymmetric finite element model is studied. It is seen that when the base of the soil plug fails, a one‐dimensional pile‐in‐pile model can be used to achieve results in agreement with the finite element model. However, when the pile is unplugged, where the base of the soil plug does not fail, a reduced finite element mesh that permits the radial wave propagation inside the soil plug must be used. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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采用有限元方法探讨在人工开挖或自然侵蚀环境下,岩质边坡体内应力场的变化及节理发育形成机理,并采用有限元强度折减法对后缘具有张节理边坡的稳定性影响因素进行敏感性对比分析,进而得出具有非贯通节理边坡稳定性计算的修正解析解。结果表明：卸荷及风化作用导致边坡体由表及里出现应力重分布及应力集中的现象,使边坡后缘由顶部向下发育一簇竖直向下或略向临空面倾斜的张节理,当张节理与下部的缓倾剪节理贯通时,边坡发生破坏;边坡稳定性最敏感的影响因素为受剪节理的倾角及贯通度,其次是节理的强度参数;可将工程中较难调查的节理贯通度转化为节理的强度参数来等效表达,并根据Mohr-Coulomb强度准则推导得到适用于具有非贯通节理的岩质边坡稳定性的修正解析解。 相似文献
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桩基会由于隧道或基坑开挖、打桩顺序不当等原因而倾斜。实际工程中经常遇到桩局部倾斜的情况,例如上段桩发生弯曲与倾斜,下段桩则仍然保持竖直。在已经完成的整体倾斜桩现场试验及有限元分析基础上,建立了桩身局部倾斜的有限元模型,对局部倾斜桩的承载力进行有限元分析。分析结果表明：算例条件下相同竖向荷载作用时,垂直度在5 %以内的局部倾斜桩的桩顶沉降均小于竖直桩的桩顶沉降;垂直度超过5 %时局部倾斜桩的桩顶沉降大于竖直桩的桩顶沉降。相同竖向荷载作用下垂直度为7 %以内局部倾斜桩的桩顶沉降均小于相同垂直度整体倾斜桩的桩顶沉降,超过7 %后局部倾斜桩的桩顶沉降大于整体倾斜桩的桩顶沉降。对于局部倾斜桩,由上段倾斜桩传递到垂直度转折点处的轴力将对下段竖直桩产生水平向推力。当垂直度转折点深度在反弯点以下时,水平向推力将导致下段竖直桩产生更大的反向挠曲变形和弯矩,使竖向荷载作用下桩顶水平位移增加,使桩更易于因为水平弯曲变形过大而破坏。 相似文献