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1.
《岩土力学》2017,(5):1405-1412
研究富水砂层斜井冻结壁力学特性及温度场分布规律,可为解决斜井冻结法凿井穿越富水砂层技术难点提供可靠依据。以陕北某斜井冻结法凿井工程为研究背景,通过室内物理力学试验、现场实测及有限元数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了冻结状态下砂土的热物理及力学特性,分析了斜井冻结法凿井期间冻结壁受力机制,深入分析斜井冻融过程中冻结压力变化规律及原因,对测温孔与冻结壁径向温度实测与数值模拟结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,随着温度降低,冻结砂土导热系数呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,且冻结温度对冻结砂土的内摩擦角影响较大;冻结温度、井筒埋深和地下水对冻结压力的影响较大;混凝土水化热对冻结壁的影响范围约为460~475 mm。研究结果可为富水砂层地区斜井冻结法凿井的优化设计和安全稳定性研究提供依据。 相似文献
2.
多圈管冻结温度场特征分析及工程应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
多圈管冻结工法已在深厚地层井筒掘砌中广泛应用,但对多圈管冻结温度场需进一步深入研究。以某冻结井筒为原型,对关键层位开展冻结管无偏斜条件下的冻结温度场模型试验、进行冻结管偏斜条件下的温度场数值计算,同时利用温度场信息可视化软件对现场实测结果进行分析。将三种测试手段获得的结果进行比较,得出冻结管偏斜对冻结壁有效厚度影响较小,但对冻结壁平均温度、冻结壁交圈时间影响都很大,且容易在冻结壁内部产生密闭未冻承压水仓,造成冻胀力聚集,对冻结壁整体稳定性及井筒开挖不利。其结果可为多圈管冻结法凿井设计与施工提供参考。 相似文献
3.
深部高承压水地层裂隙岩体冻结温度场实测研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过深部高承压水地层冻结法凿井现场实测,获得矿井裂隙岩体各个层位测温孔的温度和盐水去回路干管温度变化规律.结果表明:测温孔实测温度在冻结初期呈线性下降规律;当温度继续降低到岩石的结冰温度以后,降温速率逐步增加;当冻结帷幕达到设计温度时,实测温度变化趋于平缓;外圈管外侧测温孔降温速率最慢,两圈管之间位置的测温孔降温速率最快;位于不同位置不同层位的测温孔降温速率不一致,其中位于92m深度的卵石层(C1#测温孔)降温速率为0.54℃·d-1,位于209m深度的砂质泥岩(C3#测温孔)降温速率为0.9℃·d-1;根据实测温度可以预测地层形成冻结帷幕的交圈时间、厚度、平均温度等冻结设计参数.深部裂隙岩体冻结温度实测资料对指导冻结帷幕设计与施工具有重要实践意义. 相似文献
4.
西部煤矿冻结建井穿越岩层以白垩系、侏罗系等富水弱胶结地层为主,在温度场和地应力场的耦合作用下冻结壁岩体经历了一次完整的冻融过程。以白垩系富水弱胶结红砂岩为研究对象,充分考虑红砂岩冻融过程中受到的温度场与地应力场耦合作用环境,基于力学试验得到白垩系弱胶结红砂岩冻结融化后的力学性质及冻融过程中的地应力对红砂岩力学参数的影响,对白垩系弱胶结红砂岩冻融劣化机理及冻融过程中地应力的影响机制进行了分析。冻融过程中围压分别设置为0、2、4、6、8 MPa,冻结温度分别设置为?5、?10、?15 ℃,融化温度统一设置为20 ℃。试验结果表明,白垩系弱胶结红砂岩胶结差、强度低,对冻融作用非常敏感,仅经历一次冻融后单轴抗压强度即下降28.39 %;冻融过程中的地应力提高了白垩系弱胶结红砂岩孔隙裂隙的约束能力,使冻结作用可以尽可能地向次级微孔隙发展,随着冻结程度的加深,红砂岩内部冻胀力进一步增加,损伤加剧,故而融化后的力学参数相对于无围压冻融进一步降低。研究结果为西部地区煤矿冻结建井井壁设计提供了指导。 相似文献
5.
以安徽祁南矿东风井冻结法凿井为工程背景,以多圈管冻结的不同土性表土层为研究对象,基于冻结孔实际成孔位置,应用有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics分别建立埋深218 m钙质黏土层位、埋深225 m细砂层位和埋深259 m砂质黏土层位3个不同土性、不同埋深的冻结温度场数值计算模型,并结合现场实测数据,分层计算分析了其冻结壁温度场时空演化规律,结果表明:在相同冻结条件下,埋深225 m细砂层位冻结壁有效平均温度比埋深259 m砂质黏土层位和埋深218 m钙质黏土层位分别低0.09~0.72℃和0.44~1.95℃,埋深225 m细砂层位平均有效厚度比埋深259 m砂质黏土层位和埋深218 m钙质黏土层位分别厚0.17~0.38 m和0.29~0.47 m;现场实测与数值计算均表明,各个层位冻结壁开挖时,其平均温度均低于–15℃,有效厚度均大于6.2 m,200 m以下深部表土层井帮温度低于–4℃,满足施工要求,冻结壁强度和稳定性均处于安全状态;冻结孔沿径向将冻结温度场划分为3个区域(A区、B区、C区),B区在冻结孔冷量叠加的影响下降温速度最快,A区降温速度适中,C区距离冻结管较远,且外部土体源源不断向其输入热源,降温速度最慢。该研究可为冻结法凿井中冻结壁的施工提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
6.
冻结壁形成及解冻规律实测研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过实测,分析了冻结壁内温度分布规律,冻结和解冻期内冻结壁厚度、平均温度、冻结壁发展速度、解冻速度及外壁体厚占有效厚度比例与冻结时间的关系,冻结壁厚度与平均温度的关系,并得出了有关回归公式．对冻结凿井的设计和施工有着重要的指导意义． 相似文献
7.
多圈管冻结法施工已在深厚地层矿井中广泛应用,为了研究多圈管冻结壁温度场发展规律,以淮南某矿为研究对象,利用现场实测数据和FLAC3D软件2种方式对比分析研究多圈管冻结壁温度场发展规律。研究结果表明:冻结壁中圈孔最先开始交圈,其次是外圈孔,最后是内圈孔,测温孔温度和冻结壁平均温度随冻结时间的延长均呈对数关系下降,最终趋于稳定,冻结壁有效厚度在交圈后增长明显,随冻结时间的延长呈对数关系增大,主面和界面温度场曲线在冻结管处近似呈V形发展,主面和界面温度随冻结时间的延长逐渐降低,对比分析验证了冻结壁温度场模型数值模拟的可行性,数值模拟对工程施工具有参考指导价值。 相似文献
8.
人工冻土温度场影响因素灵敏度分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
姚兆明 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(3):38-40
在冻结法凿井施工中,全面掌握诸因素对人工冻土温度场发展的影响程度,对于优化冻结方案、处理紧急情况有重要的意义.文章通过对两淮地区大量的冻结法施工井筒冻结时段的温度场实测数据样本分析,较全面地考虑影响人工冻土温度场发展的诸因素,利用人工智能方法构建一个大型的能预测温度场的动态网络结构,通过对网络结构隐含信息的分析,得出系统中各因素对冻土温度场影响的灵敏度. 相似文献
9.
地铁超长水平冻结法冻结壁形成特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据带相变瞬态温度场的传热控制微分方程,应用数值方法分析了地铁超长水平冻结法温度场分布规律,模拟冻结壁形成过程.应用准三维方法将三维问题转化为二维问题,通过对冻结管沿程水平方向盐水温度分布的计算,分析水平方向冻结壁发展的差异性规律.结果表明:对于地铁超长水平冻结法施工,冻结管沿程冻结壁发展存在较大差异,包括冻结壁交圈时间、冻结速率,冻结壁厚度等.为以后水平冻结法施工冻结壁形成过程的预测与评价提供了方法,同时该方法也可以用于竖井冻结施工中冻结壁形成的分析和研究. 相似文献
10.
在深厚表土中进行冻结法施工常产生由于冻胀应力造成的冻结管断裂, 为减小深井冻结壁在形成过程中产生的内部冻胀应力, 采取外圈辅助冻结孔滞后于主圈孔冻结的施工方案, 能有效地防止冻结管断裂. 应用有限元方法对淮南某煤矿主井冻结井筒分期冻结过程进行了瞬态温度场数值模拟, 和现场实测十分接近. 分期冻结方案能减少冻结壁内部水分聚集, 以达到减少冻胀应力的目的, 并形成相对比较均匀的温度场. 相同冻结条件下采用分期冻结方案, 冻结壁有效厚度增大约15%. 数值模拟的系统分析可为深井冻结壁的设计与施工提供科学依据. 相似文献
11.
J. Hegemann 《Engineering Geology》1981,18(1-4):385-393
For Ruhrkohle AG, the largest mining company of the Federal Republic of Germany, nine shafts are presently being sunk. In late 1978, Gewerkschaft Walter, Essen, obtained the contract for the construction of the Voerde shaft from Bergbau AG Niederrhein, a subsidiary of Ruhrkohle AG.
The requirements to be met regarding the quality of the lining in terms of loads to be absorbed from rock pressure, hydraulic pressure, tension, etc. are very high. Up to a depth of 600 m, this shaft will be sunk through soft and water-bearing strata such as formations of Tertiary, Cretaceous, Bunter Sandstone and Permian. The freezing method therefore has to be employed.
The high requirements with regard to the quality of the lining can only be fulfilled if the lining is constructed in the form of an absolutely watertight tube, not connected to the surrounding ground and resting on a ring foundation below the frozen part of the shaft.
During sinking of the shaft, the icewall will normally absorb the load of both rock pressure and hydraulic pressure. Because of the depth of the frozen part of this shaft and for economical reasons, a yielding outer lining has to be constructed. This will serve on one hand as an auxilliary lining during sinking as a support for the icewall and, as part of the final lining on the other hand, will absorb the rock pressure. This auxilliary lining can only be of the yielding type, its flexibility must correspond to the behavior of the surrounding frozen rock. The determination of the thickness of the icewall and the outer lining was based upon results of tests carried out on frozen and non-frozen drilling cores by Prof. Jessberger's Institute at the Ruhr-University of Bochum.
Taking an outside shaft diameter of approximately 9 m, the diameter of the freezingpipe circle is 18.5 m, the number of freezing pipes is 38.
Considering an icewall-thickness of 8 m (on average) and using the data for friction and cohesion for the different rock formations resulting from the above mentioned tests, the lining dimensions for the different rock formations were calculated. The determined dimensions were widely varying. It also had to be considered, that the outer lining would have to bear the load of the rock pressure once the frozen core of the shaft had been finished. 相似文献
12.
At present,artificial freezing method has become one of the effective methods for coal mine shaft to pass through water-rich soft rock strata,which can stop the movement of groundwater and limit the deformation of surrounding rock. In order to study the frost heaving characteristics of sandstone under different freezing conditions,frost heaving tests of saturated and dry Cretaceous red sandstone samples under different freezing rates （10 ℃·h-1,5 ℃·h-1,2 ℃·h-1,1 ℃·h-1）and different confining pressures（5 MPa,10 MPa,15 MPa,20 MPa,25 MPa）were carried out by using GCTS（Geotechnical Consulting & Testing Systems）servo-controlled low temperature and high pressure triaxial rock testing system. In this paper,based on the existing theory of physical and mechanical properties of frozen soil,we studied the frost heaving law of sandstone under different freezing conditions and explored the frost heaving mechanism. The result shows that in the process of cooling,the dry rock sample always produce cold shrinkage deformation,while the saturated rock sample first produce cold shrinkage deformation,then produce frost deformation,and finally the deformation tends to be stable. The deformation of saturated rock samples is much larger than that of dry rock samples. The larger the stress level of rock samples at the same temperature is,the smaller the frost deformation is,which shows a linear negative correlation,mainly because the high confining pressure limits the volume expansion of the water phase in the pore inside the rock samples when it becomes ice. The frost deformation of rock samples is mainly affected by confining pressure and water content,while the frost heaving rate is mainly affected by cooling rate. Under this test condition,the higher the cooling rate of sandstone is,the higher the frost heaving rate is,and the relationship between them is approximately linear. For saturated rock samples,the confining pressure reduces the rock frost heaving by limiting the expansion during the phase transformation of ice water,and the temperature affects the rock frost heaving by affecting the freezing rate of pore water and the thermal expansion and cold contraction of rock skeleton. For dry rock samples,the deformation is mainly due to the volume contraction of rock mineral particles caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction effect,and the greater the temperature change,the greater the deformation. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis method,a calculation formula of rock frost heaving considering the influence of confining pressure was established. By calculating the frost heave of sandstone samples under different confining pressures,it is found that the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental results. Moreover,according to the calculation formula of frost heaving,the influence factors of rock frost heaving during freezing can be divided into two categories：internal cause and external cause. The internal cause includes porosity,saturation,volume modulus of ice and rock skeleton,and the external cause includes temperature and confining pressure. For saturated rock,the frost heaving is mainly affected by factors such as confining pressure,temperature and porosity. When the saturation,porosity and freezing rate are low,the rock may only produce shrinkage deformation,because these indicators determine whether the rock produces frost heave or freeze shrinkage. The mechanism of rock frost heaving is very complicated due to the interaction and restriction between the internal and external factors and the dynamic changes of rock micro-structure and mechanical properties during the process of frost heaving. The research results can provide theoretical reference for freezing construction scheme design of deep coal seam mine construction,and also provide a theoretical basis for the study of physical and mechanical properties and engineering application of soft rock in frozen soil area. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
13.
多圈管冻结壁设计方案是解决深冻结问题的有效方法,为研究深厚砂黏层分界处不同工况下多圈管冻结温度场特性,采取分界处原黏性土XRD试验结果,利用ANSYS数值模拟冻结三圈管,对比分析了细砂土与膨胀性黏土在冻结管偏斜与不偏斜工况下温度场冻结壁形成与发展特性。研究表明:多圈管不偏斜冻结,细砂层与膨胀性黏土层冻结壁温度场均呈规则、对称、有序发展,主冻结中圈管间、内圈管间、中-内圈管间、中-外圈管间、外圈管依次形成交圈过程,随着冻结时间增加,中-内圈、中-外圈管间冻结温度由抛物线型发展为梯形降温形状,且温差减少,内、外圈管外侧呈倒八字型发展形态,内圈管内侧降温效果明显好于外圈管外侧。偏斜时,冻结壁温度场交圈降温不规则,冻结冷锋交圈叠加具有随机性和离散性。膨胀性黏土冻结壁形成时间严重滞后,偏斜、土性差异对冻结壁温度影响均较大,偏斜对膨胀性黏土影响尤其明显,与某矿冻结法凿井在地层-400 m以上砂黏分界处发生的多根冻结管断管事件较为吻合,研究成果可以为类似深层矿井冻结施工提供参考。 相似文献
14.
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - To master the deformation law of soft surrounding rock of well wall during freezing shaft sinking in water-rich area, the distribution of freezing... 相似文献
15.
为研究双圈管冻结壁温度场变化规律，以淮南某矿副井为研究对象，根据其相关地质参数，利用FLAC3D软件数值模拟双圈管冻结壁温度场形成过程以及不同因素对冻结壁平均温度的影响。研究结果表明:双圈管内土体温度最低，两侧温度逐渐升高；冻结孔间距越小，交圈时间越早，内外圈管交圈之后形成封闭的未冻承压水仓，对冻结壁不利，冻结锋面向内侧扩展速度大于向外侧扩展速度；双圈管冻结壁平均温度与冻结时间呈对数关系下降，有效厚度在内外圈管交圈后增长十分明显，且与冻结时间呈对数关系上升；双圈管主、界面温度场曲线随冻结时间近似由马鞍形分布逐渐转变为梯形分布，界面温度场扩展速度大于主面温度场；土体初始温度、盐水温度及导热系数对冻结壁平均温度影响均较大，土体初始温度和盐水温度越低、导热系数越大，冻结壁平均温度越低。研究成果为相关冻结工程的设计和施工提供参考。 相似文献