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1.
东海天然气水合物的地球化学标志与找矿远景 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用大量的海底沉积物样品，开展了东海天然气水合物卫星热红外遥感和沉积物酸脱气地球化学找矿研究。根据卫星热红外增温异常和海底浅表层沉积烃类异常及其他各种异常标志，可以预测冲绳海槽中南部海域为最可能的水合物赋存区。 相似文献
2.
东海天然气水合物的区域地质特征及可能的远景区 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
从水深、沉积物厚度、沉积速率、有机质含量、地形和地貌来看，冲绳海槽盆地具有天然气水合物形成的区域地质条件，水合物出现的水深在500m以上，冲绳海槽南段水合物潜力最大。与智利三联点相类比，该区水合物可能主要分布在陆坡中部浅地层中。从冲绳海槽盆地的海底温度、海底热流和折射地震层速度资料的分析来看，该区具有水合物稳定存在的温压条件，其中南段和北段的稳定带厚度比中段更大一些，从已解释的穿越冲绳海槽盆地的地震剖面来看，有BSR迹象的剖面段约有300km，主要分布在中段的南部，从底水甲烷和卫星热红外异常分析来看，冲绳海槽盆地南段海域因存在经常性的卫星热红外增温异常和高值底水甲烷异常，因而水合物成藏的条件可能最好。 相似文献
3.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2017,(4)
高分辨率三维海洋反射地震P-cable系统已经成功应用在海底天然气水合物、储层填图和海底灾害的研究中,特别是针对海底气烟囱和泥火山等小目标体的内部结构和空间分布特征的研究。在海底大洋钻探的目标区,P-cable系统能够提供准确的高分辨率的三维地震数据,有利于海底大洋钻探的井位选取和井位钻探时间评估。与常规的工业界使用的长电缆三维海洋反射地震比较,高分辨三维海洋反射地震P-cable系统具有简单、高效和经济实用性的优点,能够更加高效、快捷地为科研人员开展海洋地质和地球物理的研究工作,有助于为今后我国在深潜方面发现的海底"烟囱"开展详细地下高分辨率的三维地震结构调查,成为深潜方面的一个补充和一个强有力的海洋填图工具。依据实例分析并讨论了高分辨的三维海洋地震P-cable系统在海底气烟囱和泥火山内部结构以及空间分布特征方面的应用和科学研究。建议今后在海洋地球物理调查中开展高分辨的三维海洋反射地震调查和研究,特别针对广阔海域陆坡区天然气水合物、海底泥火山和气烟囱以及海底滑坡灾害方面开展更为精细的三维海洋反射地震调查和相关科学问题的研究工作。 相似文献
4.
5.
冲绳海槽天然气水合物与地质构造的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
海底天然气水合物大多与通过切穿沉积盖层的断裂的上升烃类流体相关,这些高渗透带包括底辟和泥火山等侵入构造,所以海底断裂、底辟和泥火山等构造周围可能赋存天然气水合物;其次,高沉积速率和巨厚沉积层可使有机质迅速掩埋而保存起来,为天然气水合物的生成提供充足物源,因此,邻近陆坡河谷口的海底沉积扇也是天然气水合物赋存的有利地区;另外,由于陆坡区的水合物沉积层比海盆更容易受外界温压变化的影响发生失稳分解,诱发海底滑坡,所以滑坡与天然气水合物赋存之间的关系也非常密切。冲绳海槽邻近海域具有覆水深、沉积厚度大、沉积速率高和有机质丰富等有利赋存条件,目前的研究已经在该海域发现了天然气水合物赋存的地球物理证据BSR,因此,在现有研究基础上开展断裂、泥火山、海底扇、海底滑坡等与天然气水合物相关的构造研究,可以深入了解天然气水合物在不同地质构造中的分布特征与演化,为更精确地评估其资源潜力提供参考。 相似文献
6.
气体水合物是一种似冰状的结晶物质 ,烃类和非烃类气体赋存于水分子笼形格架内。全球海底气体水合物储集层可能含有２×１０１４（Ｓｏｌｏｖｉｅｗ，２０００）～７．６×１０１７ ｍ３（Ｄｂｒｙｎｉｎ等，１９８１）的甲烷。目前 ,在墨西哥湾西北部陆坡水深４４０～＞２４００ｍ处采集了５０个热成因和细菌成因的气体水合物样品。通过活塞柱状取样和科学考察深潜器 ,研究者已经从海底取到细菌成因Ⅰ型构造的甲烷水合物和热成因Ⅱ型和Ｈ型的气体水合物。近年来 ,ＧＯＭ (墨西哥湾 )深水区已经成为对石油勘探具有重要意义的地区。１９９９… 相似文献
7.
《海洋地质前沿》2021,37(7)
仅利用地震似海底反射(BSR)识别琼东南盆地深水区天然气水合物存在一定的局限性,从而影响天然气水合物的勘探成效。笔者利用天然气水合物已钻井数据,分析该盆地深水区天然气水合物岩石弹性参数特征,用以查明天然气水合物的岩石物理规律;同时,利用地震正演模拟,明确了研究区发育的孔隙型、烟囱型水合物的地震反射特征。在此基础上,利用AVO正演判识真假BSR:天然气水合物底界面反射具有Ⅲ类AVO且存在AVO异常,此为真BSR反射;而块体流(MTD)底界面虽类似BSR反射,但其AVO为Ⅳ类且AVO无异常特征。利用宽频地震数据和三维地震速度体进行速度模型下的宽频确定性反演,并通过高速异常、高阻抗异常描述天然气水合物发育情况。总之,利用地震反射特征、AVO特征、无井宽频地震反演等手段,实现了琼东南盆地深水区多种类型天然气水合物的地震识别,判识圈定了水合物矿藏。 相似文献
8.
目前 ,美国的Ｍｉｌｋｏｖ等对墨西哥湾西北部陆坡处气体水合物资源进行了估价。根据地质背景、水深、气体水合物稳定带之间的相互关系 ,他们估算了该处的气体水合物储集层的体积。赋集于墨西哥湾西北部陆坡处气体水合物的产状模式有两种类型 :①处于构造比较集中的小型盆地边缘处的热成因和细菌成因的气体水合物 ;②在小型盆地内部的浸染细菌成因的甲烷水合物。构造聚集处的气体水合物估计含有８～１１×１０１２ ｍ３ 的Ｃ１-Ｃ５ 碳氢化合物（标准温压条件下） ,这表明它可为将来的经济开采提供一个重要的指标。在小型盆地内细菌成因甲烷… 相似文献
9.
海洋拖缆主动源多道地震技术是应用于海洋天然气水合物资源调查的主要技术方法。不同于常规油气藏勘探,海底天然气水合物成藏机制复杂多样,海底似反射(Bottom Simulating Reflector,BSR)特征与水合物赋存并非完全对应。为提高海洋天然气水合物矿体识别的可靠性,地震属性技术在水合物资源调查中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文对我国南海北部海域天然气水合物调查中的关键属性进行了对比、分析及筛选试验研究。试验针对海洋高分辨多道三维地震数据,采用三维地震层速度控制综合处理技术完成了BSR区域的成像,提取了与BSR相关的多种地震属性,并对BSR地震属性体的内部特性进行了分析,实现了BSR特征水合物矿体的识别,并提取了BSR上方和下部结合层带的地震属性。研究结果表明,在水合物赋存地层极其复杂的条件下,地震属性分析技术在海洋复杂浅地层水合物识别方面具有可行性和技术优势。 相似文献
10.
11.
Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The hummocky continental slope in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico is the result of active salt tectonism and accompanying
faulting. Fluid and gassy hydrocarbons rise through the sediment column and along faults causing the formation of gas hydrates,
gassy sediments, mud volcanoes and mounds, chemosynthetic communities and authigenic carbonates, reefs, and hardgrounds. Salt
activity coupled with processes associated with relative sea level fluctuations create a feedback relationship resulting in
the above-mentioned phenomena as well as others such as seafloor erosion at great water depths. 相似文献
12.
C. K. Paull W. Ussler III T. Lorenson W. Winters J. Dougherty 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(5):273-280
Gas hydrates are common within near-seafloor sediments immediately surrounding fluid and gas venting sites on the continental
slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. However, the distribution of gas hydrates within sediments away from the vents is poorly
documented, yet critical for gas hydrate assessments. Porewater chloride and sulfate concentrations, hydrocarbon gas compositions,
and geothermal gradients obtained during a porewater geochemical survey of the northern Gulf of Mexico suggest that the lack
of bottom simulating reflectors in gas-rich areas of the gulf may be the consequence of elevated porewater salinity, geothermal
gradients, and microbial gas compositions in sediments away from fault conduits. 相似文献
13.
Acoustic evidences of gas in the continental slope sediments of the Gulf of Cadiz (E Atlantic) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Detailed reviews of high-resolution acoustic studies in the continental slope of the Gulf of Cadiz has revealed the following gas-related features: acoustic turbidity and blanking, bright spots, ancient and modern pockmarks, high-amplitude diffractions, acoustic plumes and turbidity in the water column, and BSRs. The origin of the gas is believed to be biogenic and thermogenic. The BSR-like acoustic anomalies occur intermittently in some areas of the upper slope and tend to occur in the volcanoes/diapirs. The pressure–temperature conditions deduced for the location of those acoustic anomalies do not correspond to the conditions of stability of gas hydrates. It is suggested that these volcanoes/diapirs intrusions may locally induce anomalously higher pore pressure conditions on the immediately surrounding sediments, affecting the stability field of the gas hydrates. 相似文献
14.
THE BOUGUER ANOMALIES AND DEPTHS OF MOHOROVICIC DISCONTINUITY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA REGION 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The South China Sea is situated at the continsntal margin of South China. In this region, there are both continental and oceanic crusts. The values of Bouguer gravity anomalies on the continental shelf are low positive or low negative. Because the depth of the Mohorovicic discontinuity in this region is about 26-32 km below sea level, the crust belongs to the continental type. The values of Bouguer gravity anomalies in the deep-sea region are more than 250 mgal and the depth of the Moho-surface is about 10-15 km below sea level, so the crust is of oceanic type. The values of gravity anomalies and depths of the Moho-surface, obtained over the continental (and island) slope, range between those regions mentioned above, so the crust belongs to the transitional type. The continental crust is inferred to be directly in contact with the oceanic crust as a result of a lithospheric fault. 相似文献
15.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2002,49(1):121-142
Cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are diverse and abundant upper trophic level predators in the Gulf of Mexico, a semi-enclosed, intercontinental sea with a total area of about 1.5 million km2. The objectives of this study were to better define the habitat of cetaceans in the northern oceanic Gulf of Mexico. An integrated methodology was used that included visual surveys and hydrographic collections from ships. Near real-time sea surface altimetry from the TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS satellites was used during ship surveys to determine the location of hydrographic features (e.g., cyclones, anticyclones and confluence zones). Archival satellite sea surface altimetry data were also used to retrospectively determine the location of hydrographic features for analysis with earlier cetacean sightings. We estimated zooplankton and micronekton biomass using both net and acoustic sampling to indicate the amount of potential food available for higher trophic level foraging by cetaceans. Nineteen cetacean species were identified during ship surveys. Cetaceans were concentrated along the continental slope in or near cyclones and the confluence of cyclone–anticyclone eddy pairs, mesoscale features with locally concentrated zooplankton and micronekton stocks that appear to develop in response to increased nutrient-rich water and primary production in the mixed layer. A significant relationship existed between integrated zooplankton biomass and integrated cephalopod paralarvae numbers, indicating that higher zooplankton and micronekton biomass may correlate with higher concentrations of cetacean prey. In the north-central Gulf, an additional factor affecting cetacean distribution may be the narrow continental shelf south of the Mississippi River delta. Low salinity, nutrient-rich water may occur over the continental slope near the mouth of the Mississippi (MOM) River or be entrained within the confluence of a cyclone–anticyclone eddy pair and transported beyond the continental slope. This creates a deep-water environment with locally enhanced primary and secondary productivity and may explain the presence of a resident, breeding population of sperm whales within 100 km of the Mississippi River delta. Overall, the results suggest that the amount of potential prey for cetaceans may be consistently greater in the cyclone, confluence areas, and south of the MOM, making them preferential areas for foraging. However, this may not be true for bottlenose dolphins, Atlantic spotted dolphins and possibly Bryde's whales, which typically occur on the continental shelf or along the shelf break outside of major influences of eddies. 相似文献
16.
William R. Bryant John R. Bryant Mary H. Feeley Gregory R. Simmons 《Geo-Marine Letters》1990,10(4):182-199
Bathymetric charts of the continental slope of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico reveal the presence of over 90 intraslope basins
with relief in excess of 150 m. The evolution and the general configuration of the basins are a function of halokinesis of
allochthonous salt. Intraslope-interlobal and intraslope-superlobal basins occupy the upper and lower continental slope, respectively.
Other structures on the slope associated with salt tectonics are the Sigsbee Escarpment, the seaward edge of the Sigsbee salt
nappe, and the Alaminos and Keathley canyons. Major erosional features are the Mississippi Canyon and portions of a submarine
canyon on the southern extreme of the Sigsbee Escarpment. 相似文献
17.
As described by [Csanady, G.T., Hamilton, P., 1988. Circulation of slope water. Continental Shelf Research 8, 565–624], the flow regime over the slope of the southern Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) includes a current reversal in which southwestward flow over the upper and middle slope becomes entrained in the northeastward current adjacent to the Gulf Stream. In this paper we use satellite-derived data to quantify how lateral motions of the Gulf Stream impact this current system. In our analysis, the Gulf Stream’s thermal front is delineated using a two-year time series of sea surface temperature derived from NOAA/AVHRR satellite data. Lateral motions of the Gulf Stream are represented in terms of temporal variations of the area, east of 73°W, between the Gulf Stream thermal front and the shelf edge. Variations of slope water flow within this area are represented by anomalies of geostrophic velocity as derived from the time series of the sea level anomaly determined from TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimeter data. A strong statistical relationship is found between Gulf Stream displacements and parabathic flow over the continental slope. It is such that the southwestward flow over the slope is accelerated when the Gulf Stream is relatively far from the shelf edge, and is decelerated (and perhaps even reversed) when the Gulf Stream is close to the shelf edge. This relationship between Gulf Stream displacements and parabathic flow is also observed in numerical simulations produced by the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Model. In qualitative terms, it is consistent with the notion that when the Gulf Stream is closer to the 200-m isobath, it is capable of entraining a larger fraction of shelf water masses. Alternatively, when the Gulf Stream is far from the shelf-break, more water is advected into the MAB slope region from the northeast. Analysis of the diabathic flow indicates that much of the cross-slope transport by which the southwestward flow entering the study region is transferred to the northeastward flow exiting the region occurs in a narrow band roughly centered at 36.75°N, order 150 km north of Cape Hatteras. This transport, and thus the cyclonic circulation of the southern MAB, strengthens when the Gulf Stream is relatively close to the shelf edge, and weakens when the Gulf Stream is far from the shelf edge. 相似文献
18.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2013,39(1):128-142
The northern Gulf of Mexico is dominated by salt tectonics, resulting fracturing and numerous seafloor seeps and vents. Woolsey Mound, site of the Gulf of Mexico Hydrates Research Consortium's seafloor observatory, has been investigated extensively via surveys, direct sampling and seafloor instrument systems. This study presents an innovative approach to seismic data interpretation, integrating three different resolution datasets and maximizing seismic coverage of the complex natural hydrocarbon plumbing system at Woolsey Mound.3D industry seismic data reveal the presence of a salt body at in the shallow subsurface that has generated an extended network of faults, some extending from the salt body to the seafloor (master faults). Higher resolution seismic data show acoustic wipe-out zones along the master faults with expulsion features – seafloor pockmarks and craters – located immediately above them and associated, in the subsurface, with high-amplitude, negative anomalies at constant depth of 0.2 s TWTT b.s.f., interpreted as free gas. Since pockmarks and craters provide pathways for hydrocarbons to escape from depth into the water column, related sub-surface seismic anomalies may indicate free gas at the base of the gas hydrates stability zone (GHSZ). Fluid flow and gas hydrates formation are segmented laterally along faults. Gas hydrates formation and dissociation vary temporally in the vicinity of active faults, and can temporarily seal them as conduits for thermogenic fluids. Periodic migrations of gases and other fluids may perturb the GHSZ in terms of temperature and pressure, producing the observed lack of classical BSRs. 相似文献
19.
In this study we provide evidence for methane hydrates in the Taranaki Basin, occurring a considerable distance from New Zealand's convergent margins, where they are well documented. We describe and reconstruct a unique example of gas migration and leakage at the edge of the continental shelf, linking shallow gas hydrate occurrence to a deeper petroleum system. The Taranaki Basin is a well investigated petroleum province with numerous fields producing oil and gas. Industry standard seismic reflection data show amplitude anomalies that are here interpreted as discontinuous BSRs, locally mimicking the channelized sea-floor and pinching out up-slope. Strong reverse polarity anomalies indicate the presence of gas pockets and gas-charged sediments. PetroMod™ petroleum systems modelling predicts that the gas is sourced from elevated microbial gas generation in the thick slope sediment succession with additional migration of thermogenic gas from buried Cretaceous petroleum source rocks. Cretaceous–Paleogene extensional faults underneath the present-day slope are interpreted to provide pathways for focussed gas migration and leakage, which may explain two dry petroleum wells drilled at the Taranaki shelf margin. PetroMod™ modelling predicts concentrated gas hydrate formation on the Taranaki continental slope consistent with the anomalies observed in the seismic data. We propose that a semi-continuous hydrate layer is present in the down-dip wall of incised canyons. Canyon incision is interpreted to cause the base of gas hydrate stability to bulge downward and thereby trap gas migrating up-slope in permeable beds due to the permeability decrease caused by hydrate formation in the pore space. Elsewhere, hydrate occurrence is likely patchy and may be controlled by focussed leakage of thermogenic gas. The proposed presence of hydrates in slope sediments in Taranaki Basin likely affects the stability of the Taranaki shelf margin. While hydrate presence can be a drilling hazard for oil and gas exploration, the proposed presence of gas hydrates opens up a new frontier for exploration of hydrates as an energy source. 相似文献
20.
Evidence of shallow- and deep-water gas hydrate destabilizations in North Atlantic polar continental margin sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Destabilization of gas hydrates from the North Atlantic polar continental margins is geophysically detectable within hydrate
stability zones (HSZ). High-frequency seismic surveys of structures and propagation velocities of compressional waves have
changed the classic conception of a consistently stable hydrate zone. The results are important in two respects: (1) unstable
shallow-water gas hydrates can substantially contribute to the transfer of methane into the atmosphere, and (2) deep-water
gas hydrates also indicate destabilization, which results in slope instability with probably only a secondary role in the
transfer of methane to the atmosphere and thus in the greenhouse effect.
Received: 6 August 1997 / Revision received: 26 January 1998 相似文献