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Eco-compensation and harmonious regional development in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chunla Liu Weidong Liu Dadao Lu Mingxing Chen Michael Dunford Mei Xu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2016,26(3):283-294
Harmonious regional development poses difficult problems, especially in so far as the harmonious regional development of ecological resources is concerned. China has explored several eco-compensation models, and in each province eco-compensation has different characteristics. These methods have had significant impacts. The aim of this paper is first to examine the meaning of ecocompensation and to present a framework for analyzing it. Next the development of eco-compensation in China is examined. Finally, four typical models of eco-compensation are compared: the government financial transfer payment compensation model; the ecological resource exploiters′ payment compensation model; the ecological destruction compensation model; and the ecological resource tax collection compensation model. Each model has its own unique feature and potential to contribute to harmonious regional development. 相似文献
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Implementation of payments for watershed services (PWS) has been regarded as a promising approach to coordinating the interests of upstream and downstream ecosystem services stakeholders. There is growing concern about whether PWS programs have achieved their original environmental goals of improving water quality and quantity, as well as the ancillary objective of increasing the welfare of local people. We start with an overview of PWS schemes and focus on their particularity and implementation mechanisms in China. We proceed to review 62 active PWS cases and examine their environmental performance in detail. The resulting findings show that PWS schemes have been able to reduce water pollution to some extent by establishing collaborative upstream/downstream watershed management policies, thereby improving water quality and quantity, as well as by making government officials more responsible for water resource management. In addition, their continued effectiveness in light of present challenges such as water-quality data availability is discussed. Chinese PWS schemes and their implementation mechanisms also provide information useful in monitoring environmental outcomes and guiding future designs of PWS programs in other regions. 相似文献
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在国家大力推进新型城镇化和落实城市群空间规划的背景下,评价城市群土地生态安全水平,并以此为限制条件预测城市群未来土地利用格局,对城市群可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以环鄱阳湖城市群为研究对象,对城市群土地生态安全格局和变化进行分析,根据土地生态安全评价结果设置自然发展情景和生态保护情景,结合多分类Logistic回归和多标准评价方法(MCE),构建CA-Markov模型,预测2种情景下2030年土地利用格局并进行对比分析。研究结果表明:①2005、2010和2015年,环鄱阳湖城市群网格平均生态安全值分别为0.574、0.573和0.571,空间布局上呈现"中部低、东西高"的特征;②预测2030年,自然发展情景下新增城镇用地主要位于九江市、上饶市和南昌市,生态保护情景下限制城镇用地和其他建设用地向土地生态安全高值区扩展,使得城镇用地和其他建设用地扩展更加集中;③预测生态保护情景下,高生态安全区面积比自然发展情景下多39.39%且分布更加均匀,包括鄱阳湖周边区域、九江市中部以及新余市和吉安市,城市群生态安全得到有效保护。该研究可为环鄱阳湖城市群土地利用规划及生态保护提供参考。 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTION The Ussuri / Wusuli River watershed is located in the southeast part of Heilongjiang Province of China, which joins remote regions of Russia. The watershed consists of approximately 26 000 000 ha, which is about two thirds of the watershed ecosystem in Russia, one third in China. The Ussuri River forms part of the border between Russia and China, the shared border stretches more than 1100 km. Khanka/Xingkai Lake lies within both China and Russia. Its total area … 相似文献
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基于生态系统服务价值评估的我国集中连片重点贫困区生态补偿研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于2010年Landsat TM/ETM+数据,HJ-1卫星CCD数据,MODIS17A3净初级生产力数据和土壤,气候的地面实测数据,采用以生态系统服务价值为基础的区域差异化生态补偿估算方法,对中国14个集中连片贫困区生态补偿标准进行了估算.研究结果表明,2010年中国14个集中连片贫困区生态系统服务总价值达20 627.4亿元,与同年该区域GDP总量 22 096.2亿元大体相当,在南疆三地州,四省藏区和西藏片区3个西部片区,每年的生态系统服务总价值为GDP总量的2-12倍,这对保障中国生态安全具有重要意义.在14个集中连片特困区,生态补偿所需资金每年约为1971.0亿元,平均每县约为2.9亿元.目前,国家给予的生态补偿资金与此相比严重不足,即使是接受一般性财政转移支付的国家重点生态功能区,其各县市平均每年接受补偿资金也仅为0.94亿元,不到所需金额的1/3.生态补偿资金不足不但给各片区扶贫工作带来巨大压力,也带来了严重的生态风险.因此,生态补偿资金增量的投入可能是解决集中连片特困区贫困问题关键所在,在此增量补偿资金基础上,集中连片特困区可建立以国家购买生态产品为主,开发性扶贫增长为辅的可持续经济增长模式,这可能是彻底解决中国集中连片特困地区贫困问题的基本途径. 相似文献
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基于CLUE-S模型,以辽河流域为研究区,利用2000年和2010年两期土地利用数据,采用Logistic逐步回归方程ROC曲线,选择高程、距离、土壤等8种驱动因子,对2010年景观格局进行模拟,并依据2010景观格局、相应的辽河流域土地利用规划,设置3种不同情景,进行2010-2020年景观格局模拟。研究表明：(1)模拟的2010年景观格局,kappa精度达到90%以上,表明CLUE-S模型在辽河流域具有良好的景观格局模拟能力。(2)辽河流域在不同情境下,建设用地均出现不同程度的增加,耕地出现不同程度减少。其中,情景2中,森林有所减少,耕地转化幅度较大,建设用地围绕辽河流域城镇带建设逐步扩展,集中在沈阳、抚顺、鞍山等工业发达城市;情景3中,森林、湿地逐步扩大,表现在东部退耕还林,南部紧靠辽海入口湿地增加。研究结论可为未来辽河流域的生态保护建设及景观格局合理规划提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Wetlands play an important ecological role and provide many functions for people,yet wetlands are cur-rently decreasing and deteriorating.The ability to calculate an economic value for the loss of wetlands is becoming in-creasingly important for policy makers.In this study,remote sensing,field investigations,department visits,and other methods were used to survey wetland types,assess wetland area changes,and calculate wetland economic value.Mar-ket value loss and ecological function value loss,caused by reduction of wetland area and environmental pollution were calculated using commonly accepted methods of market valuation,ecological valuation,environmental protection investment cost analysis,and outcome parameters.According to market value loss and ecological function value loss,preliminarily fund allocation for wetland and ecological compensation was calculated.This will provide an important reference for future Yellow River Delta eco-compensation studies. 相似文献
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黄丹丽 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(5):27-30
随着广东省海洋经济发展,其无居民海岛利用的深度和广度进一步加大,相关政策的作用开始凸显,但经济效益型无居民海岛无人问津、生态保护型与生态修复型无居民海岛遭严重破坏、海洋权益型无居民海岛亟需保护等问题严重。针对当前现状,政府今后的政策趋势应主要集中在三方面：一是明确产权管理,二是加强执法力度,三是实行分类管理。在制定无居民海岛发展政策时,要结合地方特点并不断探讨、制定与国家层面相配套的地方法规和政策措施,从而推动无居民海岛的可持续发展。 相似文献
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秃尾河流域表生生态环境现状评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以地下水为主线,开展流域表生生态环境评价的方法研究尚处于发展之中。以秃尾河流域为例,紧紧围绕地下水这条主线,在建立流域表生生态环境递阶层次评价指标体系和评价标准的基础上,尝试采用模糊综合评判方法与模糊迭代自组织数据分析技术相结合,开展流域表生生态环境现状评价。评价结果表明,流域生态环境现状总体较好,其中盖沙丘陵区、河流源头和河谷阶地区及沙漠区是水资源与生态环境保护的重点,这些研究为评价生态环境脆弱区水资源开发利用对表生生态环境的影响以及保护流域水资源与生态环境提供了科学依据。评价结果与流域生态环境实际更为吻合,规律性更明显。 相似文献
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This paper firstly investigated the land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) in the Hun-Taizi River watershed, Northeast China from 1988 to 2004 based on remotely sensed images and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. Then, using the famous land-use change model of Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent (CLUE-S), this paper simulated the land use changes under historical trend (HT), urban planning (UP) and ecological protection (EP) scenarios considering urban planning and ... 相似文献
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Oasis System and Its Reasonable Development in Sangong River Watershed in North of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LEI Jun LUO Geping ZHANG Xiaolei LU Qi 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(3):236-242
An oasis is a kind of medium-sized or small-sized non-zonal landscape coming into being in the dry climate and supported by natural rivers in deserts, which is characterized by the comparatively high primary pro- ductivity and has the mesophytic plants or xero-mesophytic plants as the dominant vegetation (Jia, 1996). The oasis system, first of all, is a subsystem within the macro system of “mountain-oasis-desert” in the arid region. It is also a complex system where the natural and artificia… 相似文献
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山东省主要生态环境地质问题与调查方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东省主要生态地质环境问题--海(咸)水入侵、地下水超采漏斗、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝、地下水串层污染,主要是对地下水不合理开发造成的.从综合治理的需要出发,新一轮生态地质环境调查应包括地下水潜力调查、地下水环境质量调查、地下水环境保护区划、地下水调蓄条件调查、环境地质问题与灾害调查等内容.在调查方法上,要充分利用"3S"技术,要采用点、线、面结合的调查方法,要确定重点、典型区、带加深调研以带动面上的调查,并要针对各地不同情况有侧重的开展调查工作. 相似文献
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济宁市矿产资源丰富，大量的地下矿产资源开采引发了矿区及周边出现了地下采空塌陷、地表沉降、农田损毁等一系列问题，给当地的生态环境造成了严重影响，也限制了当地经济社会的可持续发展。该文主要在归类和分析济宁地区采空塌陷区治理现状和治理模式相关资料的基础上，有针对性地分析探讨了济宁地区塌陷地治理在政策、资金等方面存在的问题，提出了充分发挥规划的统筹作用，进一步加大矿区地质环境立体监测网络的建设，探索推广塌陷地“PPP治理模式”，积极借鉴引黄淤填的经验做法，进一步加大对环保方面的研究，着力发展高效生态治理模式，促进矿产塌陷区多元化发展，为解决当地和类似其他地区塌陷地综合治理提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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Based on the statistical data related to water pollution in recent years, this paper firstly describes in detail the current status of water pollution and water quality in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater and coastal waters in China, then makes a comprehensive analysis on future trends of water pollution in China. The authors hold that the economic power, technology level and management level have determinative influences on the current status and future trends of water pollution. At last, this paper discusses briefly the policies and measures for preventing and controlling water pollution in the light of the national conditions. 相似文献
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Development of a new index for integrating landscape patterns with ecological processes at watershed scale 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
Understanding the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological processes has been a central yet challenging research theme in landscape ecology. Over the past decades, many landscape metrics have been proposed but few directly incorporated ecological processes. In this paper, we developed a landscape index, namely, location-weighted landscape index (LWLI) to highlight the role of landscape type in ecological processes, such as nutrient losses and soil erosion. Within the framework of the Lorenz curve theory, we develop this index by integrating landscape pattern and point-based measurements at a watershed scale. The index can be used to characterize the contribution of landscape pattern to ecological processes (e.g. nutrient losses) with respect to a specific monitoring point in a watershed. Through a case study on nutrient losses in an agricultural area in northeastern China, we found that nutrient losses tended to be higher for a watershed with a higher LWLI value, and vice versa. It implied that LWLI can be used to evaluate the potential risk of nutrient losses or soil erosion by comparing their values across watersheds. In addition, this index can be extended to characterize ecological processes, such as the effect of landscape pattern on wildlife inhabitation and urban heat island effect. Finally, we discuss several problems that should be paid attention to when applying this index to a heterogeneous landscape site. 相似文献