共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
以天津港北港池码头地区海相沉积软土为研究对象,自行研制了与CT配套的单轴固结装置,取不同深度的土样分别进行单轴固结实验。逐级加载土样固结后,对土样进行CT扫描,结合CT图像分析软土固结过程中特性变化。研究表明:随着压力的增加,CT图像灰度平均值逐渐增大,说明土样被压实,密度增大;固结过程中,不同种类土样的CT图像标准差变化存在差异性,这与孔隙水压力消散引起土样内部结构的变化有关;引入CT图像灰度压缩系数来反映土样的压缩性能,研究结果表明天津港北港池码头软土具有较高的压缩性。 相似文献
2.
以天津港北港池码头地区海相沉积软土为研究对象,自行研制了与CT配套的单轴固结装置,取不同深度的土样分别进行单轴固结实验.逐级加载土样固结后,对土样进行CT扫描,结合CT图像分析软土固结过程中特性变化.研究表明:随着压力的增加,CT图像灰度平均值逐渐增大,说明土样被压实,密度增大;固结过程中,不同种类土样的CT图像标准差变化存在差异性,这与孔隙水压力消散引起土样内部结构的变化有关;引入CT图像灰度压缩系数来反映土样的压缩性能,研究结果表明天津港北港池码头软土具有较高的压缩性. 相似文献
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结晶岩的水化膨胀研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室温下的应变实验表明 ,低孔隙度的结晶岩如花岗岩、片麻岩、闪长岩和变基性岩 ,水饱和时膨胀 ,干燥时收缩 ,这种效应是可重复的 .用水的吸附和解吸 （在相对湿度下 ） ,也可以观察到膨胀和收缩 .膨胀效应是由于表面力 （VanderWaals吸引、双电层排斥及溶剂化排斥 ）引起的 .水饱和体应变约为其孔隙度的 1 /1 0 .用庚烷饱和的体应变比用水饱和的小 .用CaCl2 溶液饱和的应变随着盐克分子浓度的增加而减小 .杨氏模量E、切变模量G、品质因数Q的准静态测量表明 ,随着相对湿度的增加 ,E、G、Q减少 ,吸附水的增加改变了孔隙内表面分子的相互作用力 .大约在岩石孔隙表面吸附达到 3个水分子层时 ,可观察到最强烈的膨胀效应 . 相似文献
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动载作用下混凝土随应力变化的系列CT图像完整地记录了混凝土内部破损过程,在CT图像中能直接观察到细观裂纹时混凝土往往已发生宏观破坏,挖掘混凝土材料损伤的细观信息是混凝土细观力学分析的核心。本文基于混凝土单轴动态压缩CT试验,获得不同应力阶段的横断面CT图像,分别应用图像分割技术和灰度共生矩阵法提取孔隙率和4个特征值,研究孔隙率和4个特征值随应力的变化规律。结果表明孔隙率随应力的增加显示出单调增加的总趋势,个别部位在应力水平较小时孔隙率随应力增加变化不大,反映出混凝土的压密效应。受压密效应影响,对比度在低应力水平时随应力增加有升有降,能量对应力变化不够敏感,相关性和同质性随应力的增加单调增加,对应力变化较为敏感,能反映混凝土整体损伤过程。对混凝土CT图像进行分区后再研究孔隙率、同质性和相关性随应力的变化,可以更好地反映动载作用下混凝土的细观损伤过程。 相似文献
6.
《世界地震工程》2017,(1)
通过室内动三轴试验,分析了饱和细砂的动剪切模量演变特性和孔压效应,同时分析了循环荷载作用下相对密度、初始围压等因素的影响,提出了考虑孔压效应条件下饱和细砂动剪切模量的衰减特性,建立了动剪切模量比随孔压比增大而衰减的经验公式。结果表明:不同相对密度饱和细砂的应力-应变滞回圈的变化趋势显著不同;动孔压波动频繁并随时间逐步增长,并且不同的围压和相对密度对孔压比的增长有一定的影响;饱和细砂的动剪切模量随着孔压比的增大而逐渐减小,但不同相对密度饱和细砂的衰减趋势有所不同。通过拟合的曲线可以描述并预测不同相对密度饱和细砂的动剪切模量比随孔压比的衰减特性,具有较好的效果。 相似文献
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运用工业cT实验系统（简称为DT-3）对煤样完成单轴加载实验,并对煤样进行一系列断层扫描,获取到不同截面处的破坏cT图像。基于图像分割技术,对图像的灰度级别设定不同的二值化阀值,得出不同阀值下的孔隙面积变化曲线图;并提出以拐点处对应的阀值作为裂隙图像二值化阀值时效果最佳。由上述研究结果结合灰度线性加权平均插值方法,编程实现了煤岩CT图像的三维重构,为后续研究煤岩裂隙三维表征提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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为探究重复循环荷载作用下含水率、固结压力对原状黄土动力特性、变形性状的影响规律,利用英国GDS双向动态三轴试验系统模拟交通荷载,对海东地区原状黄土进行动三轴试验研究。试验结果表明：单一重复循环动荷载作用下,在加载初期,海东地区原状黄土的轴向动应变随着循环次数的增大急剧增加,后期缓慢增加至趋于稳定,即发生应变硬化现象。在加载初期,含水率、固结压力对原状黄土的轴向动应变无明显影响,当循环次数N>400时,原状黄土的轴向动应变随含水率的升高而增加,随固结压力的增大而减小。动剪切模量随循环次数的增加出现先减小后增加再减小的变化,随含水率的升高有较大幅度的降低。动阻尼比随循环次数的增加先增加后减小,随含水率的升高而增大。表明海东地区原状黄土所具有的大孔隙架空结构使其在重复循环荷载作用下易发生振动变形。 相似文献
10.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(6)
底流尾矿砂是中线法尾矿坝筑坝材料。对底流尾矿砂开展共振柱试验,探讨含水率、干密度及固结压力对其动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响。试验结果表明:最大动剪切模量Gdmax随固结压力和干密度的增大而增大,随含水率的增大而减小;最大阻尼比λmax随固结压力和干密度的增大而减小,但对含水率的变化不太敏感。小应变(10-6~10-4)条件下:动剪切模量Gd随固结压力和干密度的增大而增大,随含水率的增大而减小;阻尼比λ随固结压力、含水率的增大而减小,随干密度的增大而增大。研究成果可为尾矿坝动力反应分析提供基础数据。 相似文献
11.
超声激励增透煤层是一种不受甲烷储层地质条件和气源特性限制,具有普遍应用价值的增采技术.但由于煤岩致密、裂隙发育,煤岩孔隙度存在多尺度效应,受储层介质尺度效应影响的增透促吸机理尚不明确.本文通过CT观测实验和渗透率测定实验,对超声波作用下煤样不同尺度裂隙发展规律进行了分析,对比测定超声作用煤样渗透率变化规律,建立了超声增透煤层甲烷渗透率的修正公式.研究结果表明:CT观测实验很好地证明了超声的机械震碎作用;在声场衰减范围内,煤体损伤和机械震碎作用明显;超声波作用后的煤层渗透率有平均135%～169%的提高.研究工作为超声激励增加煤层的渗透率提供了实验基础. 相似文献
12.
Igneous intrusions in coal seams are found in 80 % of coal mines in the Huaibei coalfield, China, and coal and gas outburst accidents have occurred 11 times under a 120-m-thick sill in the Haizi mining field. The magma’s heat had a significant controlling effect on coal seam gas occurrence. Based on theoretical analysis, experimental tests and site validation, we analyzed the temperature distribution following magma intrusion into coal measure strata and the variations in multiple physical parameters and adsorption/desorption characteristics between the underlying coal seams beneath the sill in the Haizi mining field and coal seams uninfluenced by magma intrusion in the adjacent Linhuan mining field. The research results show that the main factors controlling the temperature distribution of the magma and surrounding rocks in the cooling process include the cooling time and the thickness and initial temperature of the magmatic rock. As the distance from sill increases, the critical effective temperature and the duration of sustained high temperatures decrease. The sill in the Haizi mining field significantly promoted coal seam secondary hydrocarbon generation in the thermally affected area, which generated approximately 340 m3/t of hydrocarbon. In the magma-affected area, the metamorphic grade, micropore volume, amount of gas adsorption, initial speed of gas desorption, and amount of desorption all increase. Fluid entrapment by sills usually causes the gas pressure and gas content of the underlying coal seams to increase. As a result, the outburst risks from coal seams increases as well. 相似文献
13.
本文利用同步辐射X射线对一沁水盆地无烟煤样在24 keV的能量下进行了成像,并重构得到其CT切片。分别采用数字地形模型（DTM）和数据约束模型（DCM）对样品的CT切片进行分析。研究结果表明,对本文所用煤样,DTM计算得到的煤样孔隙率与真密度和视相对密度实验法测得孔隙率较为接近,但利用DTM确定的阈值进行阈值分割提取到的样品孔隙率与DTM计算所得孔隙率之间偏差较大。DCM计算得到的孔隙率与DTM计算得到的孔隙率及实验测试结果均较为接近。DCM模型考虑了样品CT成像过程中的部分体积效应,得到小于CT体元的孔隙分布信息,在一定程度上拓展了CT成像技术的表征尺度。DCM计算结果显示,煤样中孔隙更多与煤基质和矿物组分以部分占据CT体元的形式存在。 相似文献
14.
The aim of this study was to assess whether acoustic emission (AE) could carry information on preferential sorption/desorption
of CH4 or CO2 in coal. AE and expansion/contraction of two nearly identical cylindrical coal samples were continuously monitored during
displacement sorption experiments. One sample was subjected to presorption of CH4, followed by sorption of CH4/CO2 mixture. With the other one, presorption of CO2 preceded sorption of the mixture.
The results obtained are the following: first, AE and stain kinetics show that the affinity of the coal tested is higher for
CO2 than for CH4; second, methane is preferentially desorbed after presorption of CH4 — sorption of mixture of CH4 and CO2; third, during displacement sorption, kinetics of AE and sample swelling/shrinkage bring out the importance of presorption
and the sorbate used. It matters whether the coal is first exposed to CH4 or to CO2. The present study has demonstrated that injection of CO2 into the coal previously exposed to CH4 causes considerable swelling of the coal. On desorption after CH4/CO2 exchange sorption, initial shrinkage is followed by swelling of the coal.
These results could have implications for the sequestration of CO2 in coal seams and CH4 recovery from coalbeds (ECBM). Swelling/shrinkage of the coal matrix should be included in models used to predict coal permeability
and gas flow rates. They also show that the AE technique can give more insights into coal matrix-gas interactions. 相似文献
15.
如何提高煤层气渗透率是目前煤层气开采研究中的重要课题。基于煤层瓦斯渗流规律数学模型,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件,对流-固-热耦合条件下的非等温煤层气解吸、渗流变化规律进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在注热条件下,煤层气渗流压力随着温度的增加而下降,且下降速度加剧,压力差越大,气体从高压区域流向低压区域的渗流速度越快。气体在煤层中径向流向井口,井口附近压力的梯度增大,气体渗流速度较快;在未受到加热影响的区域,煤层气不受外加热量影响,煤层气解吸速率保持不变;注热后煤层温度升高,可以加快煤层气渗流速度、提高渗透率、增加煤层气产量。研究成果可为煤层中注热开采煤层气的工程实践提供相应的理论依据。 相似文献
16.
依据密度测井资料评估煤层的含气量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
煤层甲烷长期以来认为是对采煤工作的危害，只是近十多年来才被认为是一种潜在的能源。煤层不仅是甲烷的储层，而且是甲烷的源岩。煤的物理结构是一种双重孔隙结构，即煤层中含有由基质孔隙和裂缝孔隙组成的孔隙系统。煤层中的气（甲烷）主要吸附在基质孔隙的内表面，是吸附气，而不是存在于骨架粒间的孔隙空间内，因而传统的评价天然气储层含气量的方法虽然不能适合于评估煤层的气含量。本文利用密度测井资料和煤样煤质化验资料确定 相似文献
17.
Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the flowing water could fractionate the carbon isotope of methane, and easily take heavy carbon isotope away through dissolution. 相似文献
18.
本文在实验室对所获取的东营地区层理发育的低孔隙度页岩和泥岩的各向异性裂纹演化特性进行了研究,获得了各向同性条件下泥页岩的力学与超声波响应特性,分析了应力幅度对于页岩声波速度和各向异性的影响.主要结论包括:(1)泥页岩在循环载荷下存在滞后效应,表明其经历了去压实或油气产生导致的超压;(2)泥岩和页岩具有不同程度的各向异性,随着各向同性压力的增高微裂隙逐渐闭合,样品的各向异性程度减弱;(3)分析了岩石韧度和裂纹损伤参数随压力的变化特征,相比泥岩,页岩各向异性程度更高,随压力变化更明显,其裂纹导致的附加各向异性更强;(4)分析了各向异性岩石的动态弹性模量特征,由于软裂隙空间的闭合,动态弹性模量在低压条件下都随着围压的增加有硬化趋势. 相似文献
19.
The Dogo hot spring, situated in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, is one of the oldest and most famous hot springs
in Japan. The groundwater level or discharge at the spring decreased four times during the past eight or nine Nankai earthquakes.
These are large interplate earthquakes that have occurred repeatedly in the western part of the Nankai Trough at intervals
of 100–200 years since A.D. 684. To clarify the mechanism of these earthquake-related changes in the water level at the spring,
we analyzed groundwater-level data recorded at the spring immediately after the 1946 Nankai earthquake and over the period
from 1985 to 2006. We detected the other nine postseismic increases in groundwater level and no decreases, except for a large
decrease of 11.4 m related to the 1946 Nankai earthquake. The increases were probably caused by ground-shaking, while the
decrease was caused by a change in coseismic volumetric strain. These results lead to the following explanation of the recorded
earthquake-related changes in the groundwater level at the Dogo hot spring. Both coseismic changes in volumetric strain and
ground-shaking can lead to postseismic changes in groundwater pressure. The increase in groundwater pressure arising from
ground-shaking is generally greater than the change in pressure associated with changes in coseismic volumetric strain; however,
at the time of the Nankai earthquakes, the spring experiences a large increase in coseismic volumetric strain, leading to
a considerably larger decrease in the groundwater level than the increase associated with ground-shaking. Therefore, the groundwater
level at the Dogo hot spring usually increases at times of relatively large earthquakes, although the groundwater level or
discharge decreases in the case of the Nankai earthquakes. 相似文献