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1.
《地理学报(英文版)》2016,(3)
Global climate change has become a major concern worldwide. The spatio-temporal characteristics of net ecosystem productivity(NEP), which represents carbon sequestration capacity and directly describes the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of carbon sources/sinks(C sources/sinks), are crucial for increasing C sinks and reducing C sources. In this study, field sampling data, remote sensing data, and ground meteorological observation data were used to estimate the net primary productivity(NPP) in the Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem(IMGE) from 2001 to 2012 using a light use efficiency model. The spatio-temporal distribution of the NEP in the IMGE was then determined by estimating the NPP and soil respiration from 2001 to 2012. This research also investigated the response of the NPP and NEP to the main climatic variables at the spatial and temporal scales from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that most of the grassland area in Inner Mongolia has functioned as a C sink since 2001 and that the annual carbon sequestration rate amounts to 0.046 Pg C/a. The total net C sink of the IMGE over the 12-year research period reached 0.557 Pg C. The carbon sink area accounted for 60.28% of the total grassland area and the sequestered 0.692 Pg C, whereas the C source area accounted for 39.72% of the total grassland area and released 0.135 Pg C. The NPP and NEP of the IMGE were more significantly correlated with precipitation than with temperature, showing great potential for C sequestration. 相似文献
2.
内蒙古草地生态系统碳源/汇时空格局及其与气候因子的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
草地净生态系统生产力(NEP)能够表征草地生态系统的固碳能力,直接定性定量地描述草地生态系统的碳源/汇性质和大小.因此,研究区域尺度草地生态系统NEP具有重要的实践意义.基于卫星遥感资料,地面气象观测资料及实地采样数据,结合光能利用率模型估算了2001-2012年内蒙古草地生态系统净初级生产力(NPP).同时,应用土壤呼吸模型估算了逐月平均土壤呼吸量(Rs),进而估算内蒙古草地净生态系统生产力(NEP).研究揭示了2001-2012年内蒙古草地生态系统NPP,NEP年际变化规律,气候因子的年际变化规律,以及草地NPP,NEP与主要气候因子的关系.结果表明:2001年以来,内蒙古草地生态系统整体发挥碳汇效应,净碳汇总量达到0.55 Pg C,年均固碳率约为0.046 Pg C/a;研究区大部分草地NPP,NEP与降水均呈正相关关系,与温度相关性不显著,内蒙古草地生态系统仍有巨大的固碳潜力. 相似文献
3.
1980s-2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量及其变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以我国内蒙古草原为研究区域,结合1982-1988年第二次土壤普查资料以及2011-2012年实地考察数据,构建了基于遥感数据和土壤数据的区域表层土壤有机碳储量估算方法,对研究区1980s和2010s表层土壤有机碳储量、空间分布特征及其变化进行研究,结果表明：(1) 1980s、2010s内蒙古草地表层土壤 (0~20 cm) 有机碳储量分别为2.05 Pg C、2.17 Pg C,土壤有机碳密度约为3.48 kg C·m-2、3.69 kg C·m-2,其空间分布上呈现从草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原逐渐降低的特征;(2) 1982-2012年间,内蒙古草地表层土壤有机碳储量略有增加,但增加幅度较小,其中草甸草原和典型草原表层土壤有机碳储量增加,荒漠草原则表现为减少。研究结果将为研究区因地制宜地采取固碳措施,实现草地可持续管理提供科学参考。 相似文献
4.
碳源/汇是解释地球大气碳循环过程的重要指标,探究三江源的碳源/汇特征对于理解该地 区植被对全球气候变化的响应具有重要意义。三江源以脆弱的草地生态系统为主,且对全球气候 变化非常敏感。该地区生态环境极其脆弱,大部分地区条件恶劣导致实测数据稀缺,很难对该地 区的碳源/汇时空格局进行完整剖析。因此通过以三江源 5 种典型草地群落（金露梅、紫花针茅、风 毛菊、小蒿草、及青藏薹草群落）为研究对象,基于 BIOME-BGC 模型,利用地理数据、气象数据和植 被生理参数等数据,得出 2001—2017 年三江源草地群落的净初级生产力（NPP）、净生态系统生产 力（NEP）模拟值,并对草地群落 NPP、NEP 变化特征与气温、降水相关性以及碳利用效率变化等特 征进行了综合分析。结果表明：三江源区 NPP、NEP 在空间格局上,表现为由东南向西北数值逐渐 递减趋势;5 种典型草地群落多年 NPP 均呈现逐年增高趋势,其平均值为 196.06 g C·m -2·a -1。其 中,金露梅群落 NPP 平均值最高为 342.00 g C·m-2·a-1,青藏薹草群落 NPP 平均值最低为 55.93g C·m-2·a-1;5 种草地群落 NEP 的多年平均值为 49.02 g C·m-2·a-1,金露梅、紫花针茅及青藏薹草 3 种植 被群落的 NEP 值呈缓慢的上升趋势,风毛菊和小蒿草群落呈缓慢下降趋势。研究发现三江源草地 生态系统具有显著的碳汇作用,且不同群落 NPP、NEP 对气温和降水的响应程度有所差异,5 种群 落 NPP 与气温均呈显著正相关,但 NPP、NEP 与降水量的相关性较低;5 种群落均具有较强固碳潜 力,除金露梅外其余植被群落的碳利用率均在 0.625 以上。 相似文献
5.
Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil（0–20 cm） organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s. The results showed that：（1） the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980 s and 2010 s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m–2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient.（2） SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m–2·yr–1, which didn＇t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection. 相似文献
6.
1980s-2010s中国陆地生态系统土壤碳储量的变化 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
土壤作为陆地生态系统有机碳库的主体,在全球碳循环中起着重要作用。然而,当前区域土壤有机碳储量的变化情况及其碳源/汇功能仍然不清楚。利用中国1980s （1979-1985年）第二次土壤普查数据,同时收集整理2010s（2004-2014年）已发表的有关中国土壤有机碳储量（0~20 cm和0~100 cm）的文献数据,综合评估了1980s-2010s中国土壤有机碳储量的变化情况,并分析森林、草地、农田和湿地等生态系统土壤碳源/汇功能;同时结合现有的中国植被碳储量变化研究,进一步探讨了1980s-2010s中国陆地生态系统的碳源/汇效应。研究发现：① 1980s-2010s中国土壤（0~100 cm）有机碳储量净增长3.04±1.65 Pg C,增长速率为0.101±0.055 Pg C yr-1,其中表层土壤（0~20 cm）的碳汇效应明显;② 森林土壤是固碳主体,净增长2.52±0.77 Pg C,而草地和农田土壤增长有限,分别为0.40±0.78和0.07±0.31 Pg C;③ 湿地有机碳储量净减少0.76±0.29 Pg C;④ 中国陆地生态系统的碳汇效应较强,总碳汇量相当于同期（1980-2009年）化石燃料和水泥生产排放CO2总量的14.85%~27.79%。随着中国森林和草地生态系统植被和土壤的进一步保护、恢复和重建,中国陆地生态系统具有较大的碳汇潜力,在未来全球碳平衡中将发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
7.
新疆地处干旱和半干旱气候区,明确其生态系统的碳汇大小及其对气候变化的响应对研究中国干旱区植被碳汇及其对陆地碳平衡的贡献具有重要意义。基于最新地面气象观测数据,利用大气植被相互作用模型AVIM2（Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction Model 2）,在0.05°×0.05°经纬度空间网格上估算分析了1961-2015年新疆净生态系统生产力（NEP）的时空分布特征及其对气候变化的响应。研究结果表明：近55 a新疆NEP平均值为14.4 gC·m-2,没有明显变化趋势。空间上看,约40%地区的NEP呈下降趋势,主要分布在天山两麓的城市人口聚集区;而60%地区NEP呈上升走势,其主要分布在新疆昆仑山脉、天山山区和人烟稀少的荒漠地区。新疆NEP对降水量变化更为敏感,气温的变化对NEP的影响并不显著。虽然新疆平均碳汇随着年降水量的变化而在源与汇之间波动,但是从多年平均来看,新疆仍然为碳汇区。 相似文献
8.
Wetland ecosystems are crucial to the global carbon cycle.In this study,the Zhalong Wetland was investigated.Based on remote sensing and meteorological observation data from 1975–2018 and the downscaled fifth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP5) climate projection dataset from 1961–2100,the parameters of a net primary productivity (NPP) climatic potential productivity model were adjusted,and the simulation ability of the CMIP5 coupled models was evaluated.On this basis,we analysed the spatial and temporal variations of land cover types and landscape transformation processes in the Zhalong Nature Reserve over the past 44 years.We also evaluated the influence of climate change on the NPP of the vegetation,microbial heterotrophic respiration (Rh),and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of the Zhalong Wetland and predicted the carbon sequestration potential of the Zhalong Wetland from 2019–2029 under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios.Our results indicate the following:(1) Herbaceous bog was the primary land cover type of the Zhalong Nature Reserve,occupying an average area of 1168.02±224.05 km~2,equivalent to 51.84%of the total reserve area.(2)Since 1975,the Zhalong Nature Reserve has undergone a dry–wet–dry transformation process.Excluding several wet periods during the mid-1980s to early 1990s,the reserve has remained a dry habitat,with particularly severe conditions from 2000 onwards.(3) The 1975–2018 mean NPP,Rh,and NEP values of the Zhalong Wetland were 500.21±52.76,337.59±10.80,and 162.62±45.56 g C·m~(-2)·a~(-1),respectively,and an evaluation of the carbon balance indicated that the reserve served as a carbon sink.(4) From 1975–2018,NPP showed a significant linear increase,Rh showed a highly significant linear increase,while the increase in the carbon absorption rate was smaller than the increase in the carbon release rate.(5) Variations in NPP and NEP were precipitation-driven,with the correlations of NPP and NEP with annual precipitation and summer precipitation being highly significantly positive(P0.001);variations in Rh were temperature-driven,with the correlations of Rh with the average annual,summer,and autumn temperatures being highly significantly positive (P0.001).The interaction of precipitation and temperature enhances the impact on NPP,Rh and NEP.(6) Under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios,the predicted carbon sequestration by the Zhalong Wetland from 2019–2029 was 2.421 (±0.225)×10~(11) g C·a~(-1) and 2.407 (±0.382)×10~(11) g C·a~(-1),respectively,which were both lower than the mean carbon sequestration during the last 44 years (2.467 (±0.950)×10~(11) g C·a~(-1)).Future climate change may negatively contribute to the carbon sequestration potential of the Zhalong Wetland.The results of the present study are significant for enhancing the abilities of integrated eco-meteorological monitoring,evaluation,and early warning systems for wetlands. 相似文献
9.
LUO Yiwei ZHANG Leiming GUO Xuebing DAI Guanhua WANG Anzhi ZHOU Guoyi YU Guirui 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(6):642-653
Ecosystem carbon allocation can indicate ecosystem carbon cycling visually through its quantification within different carbon pools and carbon exchange. Using the ecological inventory and eddy covariance measurement applied to both a mature temperate mixed forest in Changbai Mountain (CBM) and a mature subtropical evergreen forest in Dinghu Mountain (DHM), we partitioned the ecosystem carbon pool and carbon exchange into different components, determined the allocation and analyzed relationships within those components. Generally, the total carbon stock of CBM was slightly higher than that of DHM due to a higher carbon stock in the arbor layer at CBM. It was interesting that the proportions of carbon stock in vegetation, soil and litter were similar for the two mature forests. The ratio of vegetation carbon pool to soil carbon stock was 1.5 at CBM and 1.3 at DHM. However, more carbon was allocated to the trunk and root from the vegetation carbon pool at CBM, while more carbon was allocated to foliage and branches at DHM. Moreover, 77% of soil carbon storage was limited to the surface soil layer (0-20 cm), while there was still plentiful carbon stored in the deeper soil layers at DHM. The root/shoot ratios were 0.30 and 0.25 for CBM and DHM, respectively. The rates of net ecosystem productivity (NPP) to gross ecosystem productivity (GPP) were 0.76 and 0.58, and the ratios of ecosystem respiration (Re) to GPP were 0.98 and 0.87 for CBM and DHM, respectively. The net ecosystem carbon exchange/productivity (NEP) was 0.24 t C ha-1 yr-1 for CBM and 3.38 t C ha-1 yr-1 for DHM. Due to the common seasonal and inter-annual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange resulting from the influence of environmental factors, it was necessary to use the long record dataset to evaluate the ecosystem sink capacity. 相似文献
10.
准确评估草地生产力、碳源/碳汇功能,分析气候变化对草地生态系统碳循环的影响,对于草地资源的合理开发和有效保护至关重要。选取对气候变化以及人类干扰高度敏感的中亚干旱区草地生态系统为研究对象,利用Biome-BGC模型,模拟分析其NPP、NEP的年际变化趋势及其空间分布格局。结果显示：（1）1979-2011年中亚地区草地生态系统NPP年平均值为135.6 gC·m-2·a-1,且随着时间的推移呈现出波动下降的趋势,下降速率为0.34 gC·m-2·a-1。（2）NEP的年平均值为-8.3 gC·m-2·a-1,表现为碳源,且该值随着时间的推移呈现出波动上升的趋势,上升速率为0.58 gC·m-2·a-1。（3）NPP高值区域在降水较为丰富的天山山脉附近以及哈萨克斯坦北部。（4）NPP的年际变化与降水量的年际变化趋势基本一致,相关系数为0.52;NPP与温度的相关系数为-0.28,未达到显著相关水平。本研究实现了Biome-BGC模型在中亚干旱区草地生态系统的应用,对评价干旱区草地生态系统碳源/碳汇功能及其在全球碳循环和全球变化中的作用、实现中亚草地生态系统的可持续利用、完善区域和全球碳循环理论体系具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
内蒙古草地NPP变化特征及其对气候变化敏感性的CENTURY模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气候变化及其对植被净初级生产力的影响是全球变化研究的核心内容之一。基于空间化的CENTURY生物过程模型,分析1981-2010年内蒙古草地净初级生产力（NPP）的时空演变规律及其对关键气候因子的敏感性特征。结果表明：近30年内蒙古草地大部分区域NPP呈下降态势但趋势并不显著,全区平均降速约为1.17 g C/m2·a;NPP年代际变化时空差异较大,1980s至1990s约69.65%的区域NPP下降,1990s至2000s NPP下降加剧,下降面积较前者扩大了17.50%;NPP对降水与温度的敏感性特征空间异质性较强,但总体上区域降水减少可能是近30年内蒙古草地NPP下降的主要因素,温度升高同样会导致草地NPP下降,但作用程度较小。 相似文献
12.
森林生态系统具有很高的固碳潜力,是陆地碳汇的主体。准确估算各省（自治区）森林生态系统固碳速率,是科学制定碳中和技术路线及相应调控政策的重要依据。然而,目前有关中国不同省份森林生态系统未来固碳潜力的研究非常罕见。利用中国森林生态系统固碳模型（FCS）并结合3种未来气候情景（RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5）,定量评估了2010—2060年间各省现存森林生态系统的固碳速率。研究发现：中国区域内各省的森林生态系统固碳速率介于0.01~36.74 Tg C/a,平均值为(10.09±0.43) Tg C/a。省际间森林固碳速率存在非常大的差异,其中东部地区各省的单位面积固碳速率大于西部地区;但考虑到单位GDP固碳速率和人均固碳速率后则表现为西部地区明显更大。此外,各省人均碳固存速率与其人均GDP之间存在显著负相关关系。因此,省际间森林生态系统固碳速率存在明显的区域不均衡性,要真正地持续实现其碳汇潜力需要在技术和政策层面做出重大调整。结合中国贫困区与高生态碳汇区的重叠,不能仅仅依靠传统碳贸易,亟需研究制定符合中国特色的“区域碳补偿”措施,在保障区域协调发展的基础上使西部或不发达地区民众能自愿/自觉加强对森林的保护、保持甚至提升森林碳汇,使森林在实现碳中和战略中发挥更大作用。 相似文献
13.
20世纪80年代我国鄱阳湖流域实施造林再造林工程,该区域森林面积大幅增加。大规模植物造林可能极大地影响该区域森林碳库与碳收支的变化。因此,气候变化背景下鄱阳湖流域碳平衡对中国碳循环有重要的作用。但是我们对于该地区长时间尺度的碳平衡,特别是在未来气候变化和CO2浓度上升的条件下森林生态系统碳源／汇趋势的了解不多。本研究利用过程模型InTEC模型结合区域气候模式（RIEMS2．0）模拟的未来气候资料估算了鄱阳湖流域1981—2050年碳收支情况。1981—2000年,年NPP的快速增加主要归因于大规模的植树造林;森林土壤有机碳（0-30cm）在植树造林初期每年降低1％。同时该地区森林在过去20年期间从碳源转化为碳汇。2040—2050年森林总碳库相比较2001—2010年增加0．78PgC。基于气候变化和CO2浓度增加（A1B）背景下,鄱阳湖流域NEP趋向于稳定（20—30Tgcy^-1）,除了少数年份因为干旱引发了大的碳汇损失。模拟结果同样表明水分是控制该地区NEP年际变化的主要因子而NPP的年际波动主要受到温度的影响。 相似文献
14.
陆地碳循环研究进展 总被引：46，自引：10，他引：36
近年发表的关于陆地碳循环的国内外论著反映出如下观点 :1陆地主要的碳库 -陆地生物圈、土壤圈和岩石圈的碳贮量分别为 560 Pg C、 1 40 0～ 1 50 0 Pg C(有机碳 )、 2 .0× 1 0 7Pg C(有机碳 ) ,其中岩石圈中化石燃料的贮量约为 50 0 0～ 1 0 0 0 0 Pg C;2大气 CO2“未知汇”的量大概在 0 .7～ 3.1 Pg C之间 ,“未知汇”可能存在于中纬度地区 ;3土地利用与土地覆被变化造成的 CO2 排放量估计值差异较大 ,可能在 0 .6～ 3.6Pg C之间 ;4陆地碳循环模型已从静态模型发展到动态模型 ,而且更加注重大气 CO2 浓度增加和 LUCC对碳循环的影响以及 C、 N、 P和 S等循环的耦合作用。 相似文献
15.
The National Forest Inventory (NFI) is an important resource for estimating the national carbon balance (These data were unpublished data, and we could only obtain the data before 2008 through data search by now). Based on the data from sample plots, the literature, and NFI, as well as the relationships between volume, biomass, annual litterfall and soil respiration of different forest types, the net ecosystem production (NEP), changes in forest biomass carbon storage (△Cbiomass) and non-respiratory losses (NR) of China’s forests during 1999-2008 were estimated, and the forest soil carbon sequestration (△Csoil) was assessed according to the carbon balance principle of the forest ecosystem (△Csoil = NEP - NR - △Cbiomass). The results showed that the total NEP, △Cbiomass, NR and △Csoil values for China’s forests were 157.530, 48.704, 31.033 and 77.793 Tg C yr-1 respectively, and average NEP, △Cbiomass, NR, and △Csoil values were 101.247, 31.303, 19.945 and 49.999 g C m-2 yr-1 respectively. There were large spatial differences in forest soil carbon sequestration in different parts of China. The forest soil in Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Guangxi and Liaoning served as carbon sources and the carbon released was about 25.507 Tg C yr-1. The other 22 provinces served as carbon sinks and the average carbon sequestration by forest soil came to 103.300 Tg C yr-1. This research established a method for evaluating soil carbon sequestration by China’s forests based on the NFI, which is a useful supplement to current statistical data-based studies on the forest ecosystem carbon cycle, and can promote comparable studies on forest soil carbon sequestration with consistent research methods at the regional scale. 相似文献
16.
内蒙古草原NPP时空变化及驱动力 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
植被净初级生产力（NPP）及驱动力分析是全球变化研究的核心内容。以1982—2015年内蒙古草原为研究对象,基于GIMMS NDVI3g、ERA5气象和草原类型数据,采用CASA模型生成年草原NPP。综合运用趋势分析、偏相关、复相关及残差分析法探讨1982—2015年草原NPP变化趋势,并定量确定气候因子和人类活动对草原动态变化的影响程度。结果表明：（1）内蒙古1982—2015年NPP极显著和显著增加的草原面积占草原总面积的11.76%、18.92%。NPP极显著和显著减少的草原面积占草原总面积的4.26%、8.08%。草原NPP增加的面积大于减少的面积,草原处于恢复状态。（2）内蒙古草原92.87%的区域NPP与气候因子之间表现出很好的相关性,气温驱动、降水驱动和降水、气温复合驱动分别占总面积的2.06%、70.71%和20.11%,气候变化对3种草原影响程度荒漠草原>典型草原>草甸草原。（3）人类活动对草原NPP也产生很大影响。其中起到正向作用通过显著性检验（P<0.1）的区域占草原总面积的41.12%,起到负作用（P<0.1）的占5.34%。综上所述,1982—2015年内蒙古草原总体处于恢复状态,在气候和人类活动共同作用下生态环境得到了极大改善。 相似文献
17.
中国陆地生态系统近30年NPP时空变化研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
通过陆地生态系统碳循环模型(CASA模型),利用AVHRR的NDVI长期监测数据,逐像元模拟1981~2008年中国陆地生态系统NPP的时空变化,分析其对气候因子的响应关系。结果表明,中国陆地生态系统NPP总量在3.38 ~4.35 Pg C/a之间变化,平均约为3.8 Pg C/a,且研究期间呈上升趋势。在青藏高原、新疆天山地区和东北大小兴安岭、长白山等冷湿区,NPP年总累积量和年均温呈显著正相关,和年降水量呈显著负相关;地处华北的太行山、燕山等山区和内蒙古中部草原区等干燥环境区,NPP与年降水呈正相关关系;青藏高原及新疆地区和华北平原、四川盆地等农业区,NPP与年均温呈正相关关系。 相似文献
18.
XING Xiaoxu XU Xingliang ZHANG Xianzhou ZHOU Caiping SONG Minghua SHAO Bin OUYANG Hua 《地理学报》2010,20(2):193-204
The net primary production (NPP) of grasslands in northeastern Asia was estimated using improved CASA model with MODIS data distributed from 2000 and ground data as driving variables from 2000 to 2005. Average annual NPP was 146.05 g C m?2 yr?1 and average annual total NPP was 0.32 Pg C yr?1 in all grasslands during the period. It was shown that average annual grassland NPP in the whole northeastern Asia changed dramatically from 2000 to 2005, with the highest value of 174.80 g C m?2 yr?1 in 2005 and the lowest value of 125.65 g C m?2 yr?1 in 2001. On regional scale, average annual grassland NPP of 179.71 g C m?2 yr?1 in southeastern Russia was the highest among the three main grassland regions in the six years. Grasslands in northern China exhibited the highest average annual total NPP of 0.16 Pg C yr?1 and contributed 51.42% of the average annual total grassland NPP in northeastern Asia. Grassland NPP in northeastern Asia also showed a clear seasonal pattern with the highest NPP occurred in July every year. Average monthly grassland NPP in southeastern Russia was the highest from May to August while average monthly grassland NPP in northern China showed the highest NPP before May and after August. The change rate distribution of grassland NPP between the former three years and the latter three years showed grassland NPP changed slightly between the two stages in most regions, and that NPP change rate in 80.98% of northeastern Asia grasslands was between –0.2 and 0.2. Grassland NPP had close correlation with precipitation and temperature, that indicates climate change will influence the grassland NPP and thus have a great impact on domestic livestock in this region in future. 相似文献
19.
放牧强度影响草原植被的固碳能力。本文以呼伦贝尔克鲁伦河流域的半干旱典型草原作为研究区域,开展不同放牧压力下异质性植被-土壤系统中碳截存的特征研究。研究发现:不同放牧梯度下,土壤有机质、地上生物量、地下生物量和土壤微生物生物量碳彼此之间呈一定的相关性。随着放牧强度的加剧及土层深度的加深,土壤碳截存量呈减少趋势。其中,土壤有机质的变化趋势与土壤碳截存量趋势相同;而土壤无机碳含量呈现逐渐增大的特征。过度放牧破坏了土壤的理化性质及土壤质量,加速了土壤有机质的损失。草原群落的根冠比也随着放牧强度的增大而增加。以土壤微生物生物量碳作为土壤固碳能力的指标,不同放牧强度下的草原群落土壤固碳能力为轻牧区>中牧区>重牧区。 相似文献
20.
荒漠化是生态退化的极端表现形式,包括气候变异和人类活动在内的种种因素造成的干旱、半干旱和亚湿润干旱区的土地退化。快速和准确地识别中国荒漠化地区,是防范和治理荒漠化的关键。针对2000-2015年我国陆地生态系统NPP的变化趋势、稳定性和荒漠化敏感性进行了综合分析,构建了识别荒漠化土地的技术方法。结果表明：（1）近16 a以来,我国内蒙古阴山以南、新疆天山以北、西藏阿里地区、长江以南大部地区,植被净初级生产力均出现了不同程度的下降趋势,且一半以上的区域处于植被生态系统不稳定状况;在全国56.2%的国土属于荒漠化敏感区内,上述区域容易受气候、自然条件、人为干扰等影响而发生荒漠化。（2）2000年以来,我国土地荒漠化退化区域面积约20.74×104 km2,占国土总面积的2.16%。主要为五大分布区域,即内蒙古高原中部的典型草原和荒漠化草原区、新疆天山-阿尔泰山山地草原区、新疆塔里木河下游的温带荒漠和绿洲区、青藏高原的阿里-昆仑山高寒荒漠区、青海省的青南山高寒草原区。（3）荒漠化进程伴随有生产力下降、植被盖度降低和地表温度不断攀升的地表关键参数演变特征,荒漠化的形成受气候影响显著,降雨的减少是造成土地荒漠化进程突出的主要因素;人类活动、不合理的种植业、畜牧业等在一定程度上对土地荒漠化起到推动作用。 相似文献