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1.
黑龙江五大连池火山群大地电磁探测和研究初步结果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对黑龙江五大连池火山群新近观测的7条大地电磁测深剖面资料进行了处理、解释和分析。研究表明,在地下约几百米深度至15～20 km左右,存在一个上宽下窄似铆钉状的高阻异常体,推测为固结过程中的火山岩浆体。该高阻体一直穿过地壳与上地幔连接,有向深处延伸的通道,并随着深度的加大,其电阻率逐渐减小。该火山群属于岩浆直接来自上地幔的火山类型,在地壳内没有明显的低阻岩浆囊存在。火山区的构造走向为近南北方向。 相似文献
2.
大地电磁测深在火山区地热研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大地电磁测深(MT)由于勘探深度范围较大,且对温度、流体、岩浆房和岩性等与热储相关的地质条件的敏感度较高,因而成为火山区地热勘探和岩石圈结构研究中常用的一种地球物理勘探手段。地壳和上地幔的电性结构与热结构之间存在着密切的联系,通过解读二者的关系,可以刻画更为精细的岩石圈结构模型,进而掌握火山区的构造特征和热演化过程,了解其岩石圈地球动力学机制。本文着重介绍了MT方法的原理以及从野外数据采集到后期数据处理的过程,综述了MT法的应用特点以及电导率与温度之间的关系,通过实例分析,介绍了国际上这一方法在火山区地热勘探和岩石圈热结构研究中的应用进展,展示了MT法在新西兰Taupo火山区Ngatamariki高温地热田0~3km地热资源勘探中的应用;以埃塞俄比亚Afar省的Tendaho地热田和Badi火山为例,分别讨论了0~20km和0~50km不同深度的电性结构特征及其与温度存在的内在联系,探讨了形成火山的驱动机制;以日本九州岛的Shinmoe-dake火山为例,介绍了大地电磁测深和温度监测在火山监测方面的应用。最后简述了国内MT法在火山区的应用进展以及存在的问题,并利用上地幔电导率与温度的关系以及岩石圈内硅酸盐熔体不同含水量引起的电导率随温度的变化关系,初步估算了长白山天池和阿尔山火山区的莫霍面以下的温度以及长白山天池火山区的高温岩浆房温度。 相似文献
3.
五大连池、天池和腾冲火山岩Sr、Nd同位素地球化学特征与岩浆演化 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
在的年来对长白山天池火山、五大连池火山和腾冲火山三个火山区火山岩岩石学的主、微量元素研究的基础上，新做出18个火山岩Sr-Nd同位素数据，进一步讨论地幔源区特征与岩浆成因演化。五大连池富钾火山岩浆源区由原始地幔与EMI两个地幔端员混合而成，岩浆直接来自地幔，未受地壳物质明显混染和分离结晶作用影响；天池火山各阶段火山岩一致的似原始地幔特征，可能指示存在巨大的壳内岩浆房和持续的幔源岩浆的补给；腾冲火山岩的高钾钙碱性岩浆源区为由陆内壳－幔相互作用导致的原始地幔与EMⅡ两个地幔端员不同程度混合而成。 相似文献
4.
长白山天池火山是中国最具潜在喷发危险的多成因复式火山,在近2000年来,曾经发生过世界上最大规模的喷发。为了进一步研究长白山天池火山的潜在危险,有必要研究火山的岩浆囊位置和分布。为此,在长白山天池火山开展了一条南北方向的重力剖面测量。结合前人工作,如地震勘探P波速度反演和大地电磁测深（MT）电阻率反演,以及地质信息,采用人机交互的形式,建立了一条长约150km的密度模型。从建模结果图中可以发现：（1）长白山天池下方存在地壳岩浆囊;（2）长白山天池北坡地壳存在一个高阻、低密度体,深度在7~15km,距离天池2~10km,可能是富含气体的岩浆囊;（3）在南坡和北坡大约3km深度处普遍存在一个岩浆岩层;（4）在天池下存在一个已经塌陷堵塞的火山颈。 相似文献
5.
为配合科学钻探选址,在云南腾冲县城以北至固东镇之间沿东西向布设了4条可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面和2条大地电磁测深剖面,对6条剖面的电磁测深资料进行了预处理和二维反演,获得了6条剖面的电阻率模型.这些剖面具有的主要电性结构特征为:盆地地壳内存在2套低阻,其中浅部的低阻层沿南北向稳定存在,由含水(热水)的火山岩下部、花岗岩上部与花岗砂砾岩组成,构成了腾冲盆地的地热资源的热储层,其主要层位在300～1500 m范围内:深部的低阻体是作为热源的岩浆囊,位于马站一曲石乡之间的部分深12～30 km,东西宽25 km以上.以上电性特征为研究云南腾冲火山构造区岩浆和火山活动提供了地球物理依据. 相似文献
6.
云南宁洱-通关火山区最上地壳地热场:构造和岩浆活动意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
思茅中生代红层盆地中央的宁洱和通关两地在第四纪均发生过小规模的玄武岩浆喷发,喷发渣锥至今清晰可见,而同属于该盆地中央的思茅-普洱地震区百年来6级地震密集发生。思茅盆地中央断裂发育,新构造隆升显著,壳幔速度和电性结构意味着该地区现今仍有可能存在着岩浆活动。然而,对宁洱-通关火山区目前到底有无壳内岩浆房和岩浆活动,以及岩浆活动与思普地震带地震活动的关系仍知之甚少。利用该地区的温泉资料和水化学分析数据,我们对宁洱-通关火山区及邻区范围内的36个温泉的热储温度进行了估算,得到了36个点的热储温度数据,通过克里金插值方法获得了宁洱-通关火山区的热储温度空间分布。结果发现:在宁洱火山和通关火山附近存在2个热储温度在220℃以上的温度场高值异常区。综合考虑我们的地热场结果、前人的速度和电性结构等深部探测资料,我们认为:宁洱-通关火山区现今仍存在2个岩浆房,第1个岩浆房位于宁洱县城一带,第2个岩浆房位于墨江通关火山区附近;但宁洱火山和通关火山已不在现今岩浆房的正上方,各反向错开约18km,由此推断把边江断裂(F2)为右旋错动,其中更新世以来的右旋错动速率为18mm/y;宁洱地区频繁而密集的中强地震活动与深部岩浆活动及其产生的深源流体活动密切相关。岩浆的存在使上部地壳与下伏地壳充分解耦并产生应力集中,深源流体活动则有利于断层发生错动。 相似文献
7.
云南腾冲火山构造区马站—固东岩浆囊的地球物理模式 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
位于青藏高原东南边缘的云南腾冲火山构造区岩浆活动频繁强烈,火山活动规模宏大。为配合国家深部探测专项科学钻探选址,在腾冲盆地北部马站到固东、曲石乡一带进行了大地电磁测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深、反射地震和重磁测量的工作。本文依据电磁法取得的成果划分出了盆地地壳内的2个低阻低速层,其中浅部的低阻层由含水(热水)的火山岩下部、花岗岩上部与花岗砂砾岩组成,构成了腾冲盆地的地热资源的热储层,其主要层位在300到1500m范围内;深部的低阻体是作为热源的岩浆囊,位于马站—固东—曲石乡三镇的深12～30km,东西宽25km以上,向南可能与腾冲北的岩浆囊相连。小空山、大空山和黑空山火山口具有典型的火山口重磁场特征,特别是由于喷发造成物质亏损形成的重力负异常与火山地形呈清晰的镜像对应关系。 相似文献
8.
通过对青藏高原东缘大地电磁测深实测资料的分析,结合区域地质、重、磁、大地电磁和地震资料,文章对青藏高
原东缘的深部构造、壳内高导层、电性结构与矿产的关系进行了研究。结果表明,重力计算中的莫霍面是由诸多高低变化
电阻组成的一个界面,莫霍面之上容易形成壳内高导体;在20 km深度左右存在电阻率变化界面,为上下地壳界面的反映。
电性和Vs研究表明,在地幔柱发育地区,地壳厚度减薄了15 km左右。区内诸如金沙江-红河断裂、鲜水河断裂等深大断裂
带已经深达莫霍面,成为各块体或成矿带的边界,控制了岩体和壳内高导体的分布。进而探讨了贡嘎山壳幔高导体的成因
以及区内地幔柱与矿产的关系。 相似文献
9.
10.
腾冲新生代火山作用流体组成及其来源——火山岩流体化学组成和碳同位素制约 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
腾冲新生代火山区是青藏高原唯一幔源挥发份大量排放的火山-地热区,大规模火山作用的流体组成的系统研究具有多方面的科学意义。对腾冲马鞍山、老龟坡和打鹰山等地新生代火山岩进行流体化学组成和碳同位素分析,结果表明腾冲新生代火山岩的流体组成中H2O占有极高的比例,CO2、N2和O2的含量较高,而且不同火山区的流体组成有所差异。CO2的δ13C值为-27.1‰~-7.5‰,位于地壳和地幔范围之间;CH4、C2H6、C3H8和C4H10等甲烷同系物的碳同位素组成随碳数增高具有整体正序、C2H6与C3H8局部反序的分布特征,显示海洋环境I型有机质热裂解成因烃类气体的特征。腾冲火山作用中存在地幔来源的CO2,岩浆存在轻微的CO2去气作用。含碳流体挥发份主要表现为俯冲大洋板片脱出流体挥发份的加入,特别是俯冲洋壳沉积有机质热裂解产物,大量的H2O可能来源于岩浆上升过程中围岩流体或再循环流体的加入,不同火山区岩浆上升演化的差异造成了流体组成的不同。 相似文献
11.
《Gondwana Research》2010,17(3-4):401-413
We present new pieces of evidence from seismology and mineral physics for the existence of low-velocity zones in the deep part of the upper mantle wedge and the mantle transition zone that are caused by fluids from the deep subduction and deep dehydration of the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs under western Pacific and East Asia. The Pacific slab is subducting beneath the Japan Islands and Japan Sea with intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes down to 600 km depth under the East Asia margin, and the slab becomes stagnant in the mantle transition zone under East China. The western edge of the stagnant Pacific slab is roughly coincident with the NE–SW Daxing'Anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament located west of Beijing, approximately 2000 km away from the Japan Trench. The upper mantle above the stagnant slab under East Asia forms a big mantle wedge (BMW). Corner flow in the BMW and deep slab dehydration may have caused asthenospheric upwelling, lithospheric thinning, continental rift systems, and intraplate volcanism in Northeast Asia. The Philippine Sea slab has subducted down to the mantle transition zone depth under Western Japan and Ryukyu back-arc, though the seismicity within the slab occurs only down to 200–300 km depths. Combining with the corner flow in the mantle wedge, deep dehydration of the subducting Pacific slab has affected the morphology of the subducting Philippine Sea slab and its seismicity under Southwest Japan. Slow anomalies are also found in the mantle under the subducting Pacific slab, which may represent small mantle plumes, or hot upwelling associated with the deep slab subduction. Slab dehydration may also take place after a continental plate subducts into the mantle. 相似文献
12.
Mantle dynamics of Western Pacific and East Asia: Insight from seismic tomography and mineral physics 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
Recent results of high-resolution seismic tomography and mineral physics experiments are used to study mantle dynamics of Western Pacific and East Asia. The most important processes in subduction zones are the shallow and deep slab dehydration and the convective circulation (corner flow) processes in the mantle wedge. The combination of the two processes may have caused the back-arc spreading in the Lau basin, affected the morphology of the subducting Philippine Sea slab and its seismicity under southwest Japan, and contributed to the formation of the continental rift system and intraplate volcanism in Northeast Asia, which are clearly visible in our tomographic images. Slow anomalies are also found in the mantle under the subducting Pacific slab, which may represent (a) small mantle plumes, (b) upwellings associated with the slab collapsing down to the lower mantle, or (c) sub-slab dehydration associated with deep earthquakes caused by the reactivation of large faults preserved in the slab. Combining tomographic images and earthquake hypocenters with phase diagrams in the systems of peridotite + water, we proposed a petrologic model for arc volcanism. Arc magmas are caused by the dehydration reactions of hydrated slab peridotite that supply water-rich fluids to the mantle wedge and cause partial melting of the convecting mantle wedge. A large amount of fluids can be released from hydrated MORB at depths shallower than 55 km, which move upwards to hydrate the wedge corner under the fore-arc, and never drag down to the deeper mantle along the slab surface. Slab dehydration reactions at 120 km depth are the antigorite-related 5 reactions which supply water-rich fluids for forming the volcanic front. Phase A and Mg-surssasite breakdown reactions at 200 and 300 km depths below 700 °C cause the second and third arcs, respectively. Moreover, the dehydration reactions of super-hydrous phase B, phases D and E at 500–660 km depths cause the fluid transportation to the mantle boundary layer (MBL) (410–660 km depth). The stagnant slabs extend from Japan to Beijing, China for over 1000 km long, indicating that the arc–trench system covers the entire region from the Japan trench to East Asia. We propose a big mantle wedge (BMW) model herein, where hydrous plumes originating from 410 km depth cause a series of intra-continental hot regions. Fluids derived from MBL accumulated by the double-sided subduction zones, rather than the India–Asia collision and the subsequent indentation into Asia, are the major cause for the active tectonics and mantle dynamics in this broad region. 相似文献
13.
Deep slab subduction and dehydration and their geodynamic consequences: Evidence from seismology and mineral physics 总被引：14，自引：9，他引：5
We present new pieces of evidence from seismology and mineral physics for the existence of low-velocity zones in the deep part of the upper mantle wedge and the mantle transition zone that are caused by fluids from the deep subduction and deep dehydration of the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs under western Pacific and East Asia. The Pacific slab is subducting beneath the Japan Islands and Japan Sea with intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes down to 600 km depth under the East Asia margin, and the slab becomes stagnant in the mantle transition zone under East China. The western edge of the stagnant Pacific slab is roughly coincident with the NE–SW Daxing'Anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament located west of Beijing, approximately 2000 km away from the Japan Trench. The upper mantle above the stagnant slab under East Asia forms a big mantle wedge (BMW). Corner flow in the BMW and deep slab dehydration may have caused asthenospheric upwelling, lithospheric thinning, continental rift systems, and intraplate volcanism in Northeast Asia. The Philippine Sea slab has subducted down to the mantle transition zone depth under Western Japan and Ryukyu back-arc, though the seismicity within the slab occurs only down to 200–300 km depths. Combining with the corner flow in the mantle wedge, deep dehydration of the subducting Pacific slab has affected the morphology of the subducting Philippine Sea slab and its seismicity under Southwest Japan. Slow anomalies are also found in the mantle under the subducting Pacific slab, which may represent small mantle plumes, or hot upwelling associated with the deep slab subduction. Slab dehydration may also take place after a continental plate subducts into the mantle. 相似文献
14.
Dapeng Zhao Franko Pirajno Nikolai L. Dobretsov Lucy Liu 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2010,51(9):925-938
We present seismic images of the mantle beneath East Russia and adjacent regions and discuss geodynamic implications. Our mantle tomography shows that the subducting Pacific slab becomes stagnant in the mantle transition zone under Western Alaska, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Japan Sea, and Northeast Asia. Many intraplate volcanoes exist in these areas, which are located above the low-velocity zones in the upper mantle above the stagnant slab, suggesting that the intraplate volcanoes are related to the dynamic processes in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant slab and the deep slab dehydration. Teleseismic tomography revealed a low-velocity zone extending down to 660 km depth beneath the Baikal rift zone, which may represent a mantle plume. The bottom depths of the Wadati–Benioff deep seismic zone and the Pacific slab itself become shallower toward the north under Kamchatka Peninsula, and the slab disappears under the northernmost Kamchatka. The slab loss is considered to be caused by the friction between the slab and the surrounding asthenosphere as the Pacific plate rotated clockwise at about 30 Ma ago, and then the slab loss was enlarged by the slab-edge pinch-off by the hot asthenospheric flow and the presence of Meiji seamounts. 相似文献
15.
利用日本气象厅(JMA)以及日本国立大学联合地震观测台网(JUNEC)记录到的3218个地震事件的231918条P波到时资料,反演求得西南日本160km深度范围内的三维P波速度结构。研究表明,在九州地区,俯冲的菲律宾海板块以高速为主要特征,该海洋板块在30～60km深度处的脱水使得弧前地幔楔顶端的橄榄石蛇纹岩化,在120km深度处的脱水使得地幔楔中的岩石局部熔融,融体上升引起该区的火山活动。在本州西部地区大山火山之下,低速异常显著,并伴随低频地震活动,说明该火山可能是个潜在的活火山,将来有喷发的可能性。 相似文献
16.
Yonghong Duan Dapeng Zhao Xiankang Zhang Shaohong Xia Zhi Liu Fuyun Wang Li Li 《Tectonophysics》2009,470(3-4):257-266
Three-dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the Changbai and other intraplate volcanic areas in Northeast Asia is determined by inverting 1378 high-quality P-wave arrival times from 186 teleseismic events recorded by 61 broadband seismic stations. Low-velocity (low-V) anomalies are revealed beneath the Changbai, Longgan, Xianjindao volcanoes. High-velocity (high-V) anomalies are found in the mantle transition zone, where deep-focus earthquakes under Hunchun occur at depths of 500–600 km. The high-V anomaly reflects the deep subduction of the Pacific slab under NE Asia which may have contributed to the formation of the Changbai, Longgang, Xianjindao and Jingpohu intraplate volcanoes. A low-V anomaly is also revealed in the mantle transition zone, which may have a close relationship with the occurrence of deep earthquakes under the Hunchun area. Our results support the Big Mantle Wedge (BMW) model by Zhao et al. [Zhao, D., Lei, J., Tang, Y., 2004. Origin of the Changbai volcano in northeast China: evidence from seismic tomography, Chin. Sci. Bull. 49, 1401–1408; Zhao, D., Maruyama, S., Omori, S., 2007. Mantle dynamics of western Pacific and East Asia: insight from seismic tomography and mineral physics. Gondwana Res. 11, 120–131.] who proposed that the intraplate volcanoes in NE Asia are caused by the back-arc magmatism associated with the deep dehydration process of the subducting slab and convective circulation process in the BMW above the stagnant Pacific slab. 相似文献
17.
Subduction factory processes beneath the Guguan cross-chain, Mariana Arc: no role for sediments, are serpentinites important? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert J. Stern Ed Kohut Sherman H. Bloomer Matthew Leybourne Matthew Fouch Jeff Vervoort 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(2):202-221
We need to understand chemical recycling at convergent margins and how chemical interactions between subducted slab and the
overlying mantle wedge affect mantle evolution and magmagenesis. This requires distinguishing contributions from recycled
individual subducted components as well as those contributed by the mantle. We do this by examining magmatic products generated
at different depths above a subduction zone, in an intra-oceanic arc setting. The Guguan cross-chain in the intra-oceanic
Mariana arc overlies subducted Jurassic Pacific plate lithosphere at depths of ~125--230 km and erupts mostly basalt. Basalts
from rear-arc volcanoes are more primitive than those from the magmatic front, in spite of being derived by lower degrees
of melting of less-depleted mantle. Rear-arc magmas also show higher temperatures and pressures of equilibration. Coexisting
mineral compositions become more MORB- or OIB-like with increasing height above the subduction zone. Trace element and isotopic
variations indicate that the subduction component in cross-chain lavas diminishes with increasing depth to the subduction
zone, except for water contents. There is little support for the idea that melting beneath the Mariana Trough back-arc basin
depleted the source region of arc magmas, but melting to form rear-arc volcanoes may have depleted the source of magmatic
front volcanoes. Enrichments in rear-arc lavas were not caused by sediment melting; the data instead favor an OIB-type mantle
that has been modestly affected by subduction zone fluids. Our most important conclusion is that sediment fluids or melts
are not responsible for the K--h relationship and other cross-chain chemical and isotopic variations. We speculate that an
increasing role for supercritical fluids released from serpentinites interacting with modestly enriched mantle might be responsible
for cross-chain geochemical and isotopic variations.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
18.
Three dimensional P-wave velocity structure beneath the Tohoku district, northeastern Japan arc, is investigated by an inversion of arrival times from local earthquakes using the method originally due to Aki and Lee (1976).In the crust (0–32 km depth) a low-velocity region is found along the volcanic front and its vicinity. Velocities at depths of 32–65 km are low beneath the regions where many Quaternary volcanoes and geothermal areas are distributed. In the region deeper than 65 km, the subduction of the Pacific plate is clearly revealed, and the mantle structure above the descending plate is rather uniform. These features suggest that volcanic activities have relation to the upper mantle structure. The results obtained in this study will be helpful in investigating the mechanism of magma generation in a subduction zone. 相似文献
19.
<正>We synthesize significant recent results on the deep structure and origin of the active volcanoes in mainland China.Magmatism in the western Pacific arc and back-arc areas is caused by dehydration of the subducting slab and by corner flow in the mantle wedge,whereas the intraplate magmatism in China has different origins.The active volcanoes in Northeast China(such as the Changbai and Wuda-lianchi) are caused by hot upwelling in the big mantle wedge(BMW) above the stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone and deep slab dehydration as well.The Tengchong volcano in Southwest China is caused by a similar process in the BMW above the subducting Burma microplate(or Indian plate). The Hainan volcano in southernmost China is a hotspot fed by a lower-mantle plume which may be associated with the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs' deep subduction in the east and the Indian slab's deep subduction in the west down to the lower mantle.The stagnant slab finally collapses down to the bottom of the mantle,which can trigger the upwelling of hot mantle materials from the lower mantle to the shallow mantle beneath the subducting slabs and may cause the slab—plume interactions. 相似文献
20.
琼北地区广泛发育第四纪火山,然而其稳定性及与长流-仙沟断裂的关系仍存在争议.在琼北第四纪火山区,获得了覆盖雷虎岭火山系统的184个大地电磁测深数据.相位张量分析指示了电各向异性的存在,采用一维各向异性反演获得了地下电各向异性结构.结果显示浅部（~1~5 km）最小电阻率方向近平行于长流-仙沟断裂;而深部（~5~15 km）近南北向,与断裂斜交.研究表明长流-仙沟断裂不是深大断裂,且并不控制深部岩浆路径;深部各向异性可能反映了一个存储含盐流体的高孔隙度区域,其来源于更深位置的部分熔融,而这指示雷虎岭火山系统当前处于休眠状态. 相似文献