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1.
德国大陆超深钻井注水诱发地震的精确定位   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文
涂毅敏  陈运泰 《地震学报》2002,24(6):587-589
2000年8月21日～10月20日，德国大陆超深钻井(KTB)进行了为期60天的新一轮注水诱发地震实验．在对KTB台网所记录到的2 700多次地震的原始波形进行分析和处理的基础上，对其中的237次地震进行了精确定位．定位时，先采用和达法剔除了误识的非KTB诱发地震事件；然后，使用大折刀法求得了台站偏差的最佳值，以及中误差和平均误差；最后应用Geiger法进行修定，从而保证了237个事件定位的中误差达到0.1 km的高精度．定位结果显示，在大于9.3 km(几乎是主井底的深度)没有发生诱发地震．这一现象表明，在这个深度，应力可能低于摩擦强度，以至于由注水引起的孔隙压力的变化不足以诱发地震；在这样的深度不存在可渗透的、取向恰当的断层．这个深度也可能是这一区域内的地震活动性的最大深度，即在这一相对稳定地区的板块内部，主井底已接近脆-延性转换带．并用实验室的结果和超深钻井中所观测到的热流值资料解释了这一现象．   相似文献   

2.
We carried out a microearthquake survey lasting for six weeks in northwest Greece using 18 portable seismograph stations to examine a region in which normal and thrust faulting have been reported in close proximity to one another. With this array we located 148 events and determined fault plane solutions for eight events using only rays radiated upwards. The seismicity of the region is diffuse with events extending to depths of nearly 30 km, and there is a minimum in activity near a depth of 15 km. The fault plane solutions exhibit a wide spectrum of fault types and orientations and are not consistent with simple zones of shortening or extension. Neither tractions applied to the edges or bottom of the region nor deviatoric stresses that compensate for lateral variations in crustal thickness can account for the variety of fault plane solutions. We think that the complicated behavior is a manifestation of inhomogeneous deformation due, at least in part, to a pre-existing complicated juxtaposition of structures and formations.  相似文献   

3.
We apply a forward-modeling approach to high-quality arrival time data from 23 deep earthquakes greater than 400 km depth to investigate the detailed structure of the subducting Pacific slab beneath the Japan Sea. Our results show that a finger-like anomaly exists within the subducting Pacific slab below 400 km depth, which has a P-wave velocity 5% lower than the surrounding slab velocity (or 3% lower than that of the normal mantle), suggesting the existence of a metastable olivine wedge (MOW) in the slab. The MOW top and bottom depths are 400 and 560 km, respectively. The MOW is estimated to be about 50 km wide at 400 km depth and close to the slab upper boundary. At 560 km depth the MOW is located at about 25 km below the slab upper boundary. Most of the deep earthquakes are located in the MOW. Our results favor transformational faulting as the mechanism for deep earthquakes.  相似文献   

4.
— This paper presents an overview of the results obtained from a 3-D prestack depth migration of the ISO89-3D data set. The algorithm is implemented as a Kirchhoff-type migration, in which the migrated image is generated by weighted summation along diffraction surfaces through the shot record section. The diffraction surfaces are computed by a 3-D finite difference solution of the eikonal equation. A 3-D macro-velocity model derived mainly from wide-angle tomographic inversion served as input for the travel-time calculations. The results of the migration are presented as slices through a volume covering an area of 21 km × 21 km in the horizontal and 15 km in the vertical direction, centered around the KTB drill hole. In these slices the continuation of the Franconian Lineament or SE1 reflector, respectively, can be identified over most of the survey area as a northeast dipping reflector plane. Its signature appears partly curved and discontinuous and with different strength of reflection down to a maximum depth of 9 km. About 5 km to the south-southeast of the KTB drill hole the uppermost top reflection of the Erbendorf body (EB) can be recognized at approximately the same depth. The slices clearly show its complicated internal structure consisting of several apparently separated reflective parts. Moreover, the geometry and the shape of a few other subsurface structures are described.  相似文献   

5.
龙门山断裂带最新地震活动特征及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
综合最新布设的龙门山断裂带地震空段台阵(LmsSGA)与四川省地震局固定地震台网数据,对龙门山断裂带新近一年(2016年11月21日到2017年10月28日)的23479个地震事件开展双差定位工作,共获取包括汶川地震余震和芦山地震余震在内的6111个重定位地震事件.在此基础上,分别与汶川地震和芦山地震的早期余震空间分布特征进行比较.研究发现在汶川地震发生近十年后,其余震活动依旧活跃.汶川地震现今余震活动主要分布在10~25km的深度区间,震源深度呈现西南段较东北段偏深的特征.此外,汶川近年余震分布相比早期余震偏深,破裂带西南段的余震活动有向深部迁移的趋势.对于芦山地震,其近期余震活动较弱,余震主要分布在10~15km的深度区间,比早期余震的分布区间偏浅.龙门山断裂带最新余震活动分布特征表明,余震活动随着时间的推移有迁移的现象.考虑到距离主震事件已分别有5~10年的流逝时间,余震迁移现象可能由以流体扩散方式为主的准静态应力机制触发.  相似文献   

6.
The results of detailed seismological observations with bottom seismographs in the Central Kurile segment in August-September, 2006 are discussed. The system of six bottom seismographs was placed on the island slope of the Kurile deep-sea trench southeast of Urup Island and southwest of the Bussol Strait. Over 230 earthquakes with M LH = 0.5–5.5 were registered in the area with a radius of 150 km around the center of the observation system at depths up to 300 km during 16 days. Records of 80 earthquakes with hypocenters in the earth crust (h = 0–30 km) beneath the island slope of the Kurile deep-sea trench were first obtained by bottom seismographs. These data are inconsistent with previous concepts of aseismicity of this zone. The discovery of the unique morphological structure of the Benioff zone beneath the central Kurile Arc represents the most important result of detailed seismological observations. The zone consists of an inner seismoactive subzone, which is located beneath the island slope of the arc at depths of 15–210 km, being characterized by an angle of incline of 50° under the latter and crosses the ocean bottom approximately 80 km away from the trench axis, and outer low-activity subzone. The latter is traceable beyond the trench almost parallel to the inner zone beginning from a depth of 50 km below the sea bottom up to a depth of approximately 300 km. Due to the slightly lower incline (∼45°) of the outer subzone, both subzones gradually converge downward. The integral thickness of the Benioff zone varies from 150 km in its upper part to 125 km at depths of 210–260 km. The medium sandwiched between these subzones is practically aseismic. The reality of this defined structure is confirmed by the distribution of aftershocks of the earthquake that occurred on November 15, 2006 (M = 8.3). These seismic events served as foreshocks for the subsequent strong earthquake of January 13, 2007 (M = 8.1) with the hypocenter located beyond the trench under the ocean bottom. Such a structure of this zone within the central Kurile Arc segment is unique, having no analogues either in the flanks of the Kurile-Kamchatka Arc or other arcs. The results of detailed seismological observations obtained two months before the first of the catastrophic Central Kurile earthquakes appeared to be typical for the period of foreshocks (the lower seismic activity of the Simushir block, which hosted the hypocenter of the earthquake that occurred on November 15, 2006, particularly at depths of 0–50 km, the gentler incline of the recurrence plot, and other features).  相似文献   

7.
宁夏地区地壳新速度模型在地震定位中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文利用有限差分法正演和遗传算法反演得到宁夏地区地壳新速度模型, 再将该模型配置到MSDP软件的HYP2000定位方法中。 选用宁夏地区2008年以来地震和爆破资料, 从震中位置、 深度及残差3个方面对新模型和原模型进行定位对比分析。 结果表明: 定位网内地震时, 新模型得到的震中比原模型更接近断层, 震群的深度也与断层分布更为吻合; 运用新模型定位的爆破深度平均为2.8 km, 绝大多数不超过5 km, 落实爆破位置与定位结果差平均为水平2.4 km、 垂直2.6 km, 更符合大多为地表爆破的实际情况。 进一步分析新模型定位的地震深度与宁夏地区地壳速度结构, 发现地震发生在高速-低速转换地区。  相似文献   

8.
Introduction Jiashi-Artux area in southwest Xinjiang is one of the most active earthquake provinces at pre-sent in Chinese mainland. In the last century, about 3/4 strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland hit this area, and especially from January 21 to April 16 in 1997, 7 earthquakes with the magnituderanging from 6.0 to 6.9 occurred in a very small area of 9 km×18 km near Jiashi (ZHU et al, 1998). It has never taken place before in Chinese mainland that a series of strong earthquakes shoo…  相似文献   

9.
The top of the olivine-spinel phase change in subducted oceanic lithosphere can be located by the travel times of seismic waves which have propagated through the slab. P-wave travel-time residuals from deep earthquakes in the Tonga island are observed at Australian seismic stations are grouped according to the depth of the earthquake. The change in mean residual with a change in earthquake depth is related to the velocity contrast between slab and normal mantle at that depth. The curve mean residual versus earthquake depth displays a region of markedly increased slope between earthquake depths of about 250 and 350 km. The most probable explanation of this observation is an elevation by 100 km of the olivine-spinel phase change within the relatively cooler slab. No evidence was found for vertical displacements within the slab of any deeper phase changes.A temperature contrast between slab and normal mantle of about 1,000°C at 250 km depth is implied. This finding confirms current thermal models for subducted lithosphere but is inconsistent with the global intraplate stress field unless only a few percent of the negative buoyancy force at subduction zones is transmitted to the surface plates.  相似文献   

10.
The method of detection of P-to-SV converted waves from distant earthquakes (Vinnik, 1977) was applied to sets of long-period records from a few seismograph stations in Europe and the west of North America. The results obtained suggest that the converted phases related to the major boundaries in the mantle can be reliably detected and the depths of conversion evaluated with an accuracy of a few kilometres. The depth of the olivine-spinel transition is close to 400 km and no difference between the estimates for the north of Europe and the west of North America is found. The depth of the boundary separating the upper and lower mantle is close to 640 km, which is 30 km less than in the recent Earth-reference models. Fine S velocity stratification of this transition changes laterally from a high-gradient layer 50 km thick, terminated at the bottom by a sharp discontinuity, to a gradient layer 100 km or more thick without the discontinuity. A striking anomaly of the mantle transition zone is found in the Rio Grande rift area where a well pronounced boundary is found at 510 km depth.  相似文献   

11.
This paper presents a new method for the measurement on core samples of their electrical resistivity, its anisotropy and heterogeneity. The equipment used has been developed in the field laboratory of the German Continental Deep Drilling program KTB in the north-east of Bavaria on the western rim of the Bohemian Massif. The apparatus measures the resistivity at a fixed frequency as a function of the drill core azimuth and along the core by moving point electrode configurations. From these azimuth and depth dependences, mean values of resistivity and additional information about its anisotropy and heterogeneity are determined. Geometrical averaging is used, because the resistivity data follows a log normal distribution. The quantitative parameters ‘azimuth factor’, corresponding to horizontal anisotropy, and ‘heterogeneity factor’ are introduced. The depth logs of resistivity, azimuth factor and heterogeneity factor, measured on cores obtained from the KTB main drill hole (gneisses and amphibolites) at depths between 4150 m and 8080 m are presented. The geometrically averaged mean values of resistivity of gneisses and amphibolites are in the same range (? 103Ωm). The resistivities tend to decrease with depth. The stress release of the drill cores during recovery produces microcracks which may partially account for this effect. Reduced resistivities (down to 150 Ωm) within an amphibolite core correlate with an alteration zone. One sample of this core displays alteration from fresh to completely altered. This sample is also electrically heterogeneous (heterogeneity factor ? 2). Other samples with uniform low alteration are more homogeneous heterogeneity factor ? 1.4). In general, higher anisotropies are observed in gneisses (mean azimuth factor 2.8), lower anisotropies in amphibolites (mean azimuth factor 1.3). Examples of isotropic and homogeneous samples, as well as anisotropic and heterogeneous samples are also presented.  相似文献   

12.
柳畅  石耀霖  郑亮  朱伯靖 《地球物理学报》2012,55(12):3942-3957
华北盆地为我国板内地震多发区域,历史以来相继发生多次破坏性大地震.前人地震勘探与震源定位结果揭示了华北地震的空间分布特征:横向上,华北地震基本发生在地壳的薄弱地带(Moho面上隆),或者地壳厚度的急剧变化带;纵向上,华北地震在地壳一定深度范围内呈现成层分布特征;主震一般在上地壳底部9~15 km深度范围,余震多发生在大约深5~25 km的上地壳与中地壳范围内,在中地壳下层与下地壳中仅有少量或者鲜见有余震发生.为研究解释华北盆地地震空间分布的以上特征,本文建立了华北盆地岩石圈三维黏弹性有限元模型.震源机制和GPS反映华北盆地处于NNE最大主压应力方向挤压,因此对模型边界施以恒定的位移速率边界条件;数值模拟华北岩石圈各层位在数百年以上长期匀速构造挤压作用下的应力积累特征,分析了华北地震空间分布与构造应力积累速率的关系,探讨了地壳结构与地壳分层流变性质对地壳应力积累的影响.计算结果表明,Moho面的隆起与地壳各层位岩石介质的黏滞系数是华北盆地地震孕育的重要因素.华北盆地在构造挤压的持续作用下,Moho面隆起处产生明显应力集中现象.该区域应力在长时期的积累过程中,在脆性的上地壳与中地壳上层,应力表现近于线性增长趋势,上地壳底部较其它深度有最大的应力增长率,其主震可以在应力积累至岩石破裂强度时发生;在脆、韧性转换的中地壳下层,应力增长速率次之,华北地震的大部分余震可能在该层位为主震所触发;而在柔性的下地壳应力增长近于指数形式,稳定状态之后其应力增长速率近于零,而鲜有地震发生.地壳各层位的应力增长率差异与地震成层分布的现象揭示了华北地壳的分层流变性质:脆性(上地壳)-较弱脆性(中地壳上层)-较弱韧性(中地壳下层)-较强韧性(下地壳)-韧性(岩石圈上地幔)的分层流变结构.  相似文献   

13.
The way potential fields convey source information depends on the scale at which the field is analysed. In this sense a multiscale analysis is a useful method to study potential fields particularly when the main field contributions are caused by sources with different depths and extents. Our multiscale approach is built with a stable transformation, such as depth from extreme points. Its stability results from mixing, in a single operator, the wavenumber low‐pass behaviour of the upward continuation transformation of the field with the enhancement high‐pass properties of n‐order derivative transformations. So, the complex reciprocal interference of several field components may be efficiently faced at several scales of the analysis and the depth to the sources may be estimated together with the homogeneity degrees of the field. In order to estimate the source boundaries we use another multiscale method, the multiscale derivative analysis, which utilizes a generalized concept of horizontal derivative and produces a set of boundary maps at different scales. We show through synthetic examples and application to the gravity field of Southern Italy that this multiscale behaviour makes this technique quite different from other source boundary estimators. The main result obtained by integrating multiscale derivative analysis with depth from extreme points is the retrieval of rather effective information of the field sources (horizontal boundaries, depth, structural index). This interpretative approach has been used along a specific transect for the analysis of the Bouguer anomaly field of Southern Apennines. It was set at such scales, so to emphasize either regional or local features along the transect. Two different classes of sources were individuated. The first one includes a broad, deep source with lateral size of 45∼50 km, at a depth of 13 km and having a 0.5 structural index. The second class includes several narrower sources located at shallowest depths, ranging from 3–6 km, with lateral size not larger than 5 km and structural indexes ranging from 1–1.5. Within a large‐scale geological framework, these results could help to outline the mean structural features at crustal depths.  相似文献   

14.
The Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) of New Zealand is characterised by extensive volcanism and by high rates of magma production. Associated with this volcanism are numerous high-temperature (> 250 °C) geothermal systems through which the natural heat output of 4200 ± 500 MW is channelled. Outside the geothermal fields the heat flow is negligible. The average heat flux from the central 6000 km2 of the TVZ, which contains most of the geothermal fields, is 700 mW/m3. This heat flux appears to be more concentrated along the eastern margin of the TVZ.Schlumberger resistivity measurements (AB/2 of 500 m and 1000 m) have identified 17 distinct geothermal fields with natural heat outputs greater than 20 MW. An additional six, low-heat-output geothermal fields also occur, and may represent formerly more active systems now in decline. Two extinct fields have also been identified. The average spacing between fields is 10–15 km. The distribution of geothermal fields does not appear to be directly associated with individual volcanic features except for the geothermal system that occurs within Lake Taupo and which occupies the vent of the 1800 yr.B.P. Taupo eruption. The positions of the geothermal fields do not appear to have varied for at least the last 200,000 years. These data are consistent with a model of large-scale convection occurring throughout the TVZ, in which the geothermal fields represent the upper portion of the rising, high-temperature, convective plumes. The majority of the recharge to the convection system is provided by the downward movement of cold meteoric water between the fields which suppresses the heat flow in these regions.Gravity measurements indicate that to a depth of about 2.5 km the upper layers of the TVZ consist of low-density pyroclastic infill. A seismic refraction interface with velocity change from 3.2 km/s to 5.5 km/s occurs at a similar depth. The cross-sectional area of the convection plumes (identified electrically) appears to increase at depths of 1–2 km, consistent with a decrease in permeability at the depth at which the velocity and density increase.The seismicity is dominated by swarm activity which accounts for about half of all earthquakes and is highly variable in both space and time. The small number of seismic events (and swarms) that have well determined depths show a cut off of seismicity at depths of 7–9 km. The depth of the transition from brittle to ductile behaviour of the rocks is identified with the transition from a regime where heat is transported by (hydrothermal) convection and pore pressures are near-hydrostatic to a regime where heat transport is dominantly conductive and pore pressures are lithostatic. Within the convective region, temperatures are moderated by the circulation of water so that the depth of the transition from convective to conductive heat transfer can be linked to the bottom of the seismogenic zone. Rocks must become ductile within about 1 km of the bottom of the overlying convective zone.Seismic refraction studies suggest that the crust beneath the TVZ is highly thinned with a seismic velocity of about 7.5 km/ s, typical of the upper mantle, occurring at depth of 15 km. Seismological studies indicate the upper mantle is highly attenuating beneath the TVZ. Conductive heat transfer between the bottom of the convective system, at about 8 km, and the base of the material with crustal velocities, at 15 km, is not able to provide all the heat that is discharged at the surface. Repeated intrusion from the mantle may provide the additional heat transport required.  相似文献   

15.
Slowness measurements on first and later arrivals from earthquakes in the Philippine and Taiwan regions recorded at the Warramunga array in Australia indicate abrupt decreases in slowness of the first arrival as well as triplications in the travel time curve at epicentral distances of about 38 and 43°. These results imply the presence of regions of rapid or discontinuous velocity increase at depths of about 900 and 1050 km, respectively. Between these regions of sharp velocity increases the dT/dΔ measurements indicate that the velocity gradients are lower than those determined by previous investigators. The observed extensions of the 650- and 770-km branches out to 50° can be explained in terms of the triplications if small negative velocity gradients of the order of 0.1 km/s per 100 km exist between 650–770 and 770–900 km depths. An alternative explanation of these observed extensions may be provided in terms of underside reflections from the bottom of the velocity discontinuities. Either of the two explanations require sharp velocity gradients at the depth of the velocity discontinuities. These observations are at variance with earth models where the P-wave velocity increases continuously with depth below a depth of 650 km.  相似文献   

16.
In this study, we aim to map the Curie point depth surface for the northern Red Sea rift region and its surroundings based on the spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data. Spectral analysis technique was used to estimate the boundaries (top and bottom) of the magnetized crust. The Curie point depth (CPD) estimates of the Red Sea rift from 112 overlapping blocks vary from 5 to 20 km. The depths obtained for the bottom of the magnetized crust are assumed to correspond to Curie point depths where the magnetic layer loses its magnetization. Intermediate to deep Curie point depth anomalies (10–16 km) were observed in southern and central Sinai and the Gulf of Suez (intermediate heat flow) due to the uplifted basement rocks. The shallowest CPD of 5 km (associated with very high heat flow, ~235 mW m?2) is located at/around the axial trough of the Red Sea rift region especially at Brothers Island and Conrad Deep due to its association with both the concentration of rifting to the axial depression and the magmatic activity, whereas, beneath the Gulf of Aqaba, three Curie point depth anomalies belonging to three major basins vary from 10 km in the north to about 14 km in the south (with a mean heat flow of about 85 mW m?2). Moreover, low CPD anomalies (high heat flow) were also observed beneath some localities in the northern part of the Gulf of Suez at Hammam Fraun, at Esna city along River Nile, at west Ras Gharib in the eastern desert and at Safaga along the western shore line of the Red Sea rift. These resulted from deviatoric tensional stresses developing in the lithosphere which contribute to its further extension and may be due to the opening of the Gulf of Suez and/or the Red Sea rift. Furthermore, low CPD (with high heat flow anomaly) was observed in the eastern border of the study area, beneath northern Arabia, due to the quasi-vertical low-velocity anomaly which extends into the lower mantle and may be related to volcanism in northern Arabia. Dense microearthquakes seem to occur in areas where the lateral gradients of the CPD are steep (e.g. entrance of the Gulf of Suez and Brothers Island in the Red Sea). These areas may correspond to the boundaries between high and low thermal regions of the crust. Thus, the variations in the microseismic activity may be closely related to thermal structures of the crust. Indeed, shallow cutoff depths of seismicity can also be found in some geothermal areas (e.g. western area of Safaga city along the Red Sea coastal region and at Esna city along the River Nile). These facts indicate that the changes in the thickness of the seismogenic layer strongly depend on temperature. Generally, the shallow Curie point depth indicates that some regions in our study area are promising regions for further geothermal exploration particularly in some localities along the River Nile, Red Sea and Gulf of Suez coastal regions.  相似文献   

17.
塔里木盆地航磁场分析与磁源体结构   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
本文研究塔里木盆地区域磁异常图的反演及磁源体结构.由于众多异常的叠加和反演固有的多解性,区域磁异常图的准确解释是非常困难的.三维欧拉反褶积是一种确定地质体位置和埋藏深度的自动定量反演方法,比较适用于计算区域磁异常源的埋藏深度.由于大型克拉通沉积盆地地层具有上新下老的规律性,将磁异常源分解为三个深度层次,圈定它们各自的分布区域,便可将它们与形成的地质作用及时代联系起来,为准确解释区域磁异常图提供可靠的依据.本文应用三维欧拉反褶积反演方法,计算出的塔里木盆地深度为2~5 km、5~10 km、10~20 km三个等级的磁异常源,它们与形成的地质作用及时代分别为: 中生代构造运动,海西期玄武岩侵位和太古代结晶基底的变质作用;圈定了它们各自的分布区域.  相似文献   

18.
江淮地区地震精定位及b值随深度的变化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
使用双差地震定位法,利用安徽及邻省50个地震台站记录的1976年到2008年的551次M_L≥2.3地震,其中初始定位有205个无深度数据,包括数字化资料和传统的模拟资料,共5464条P波走时资料。经重新定位后得到其中468次地震的基本参数。重新定位结果显示了本地区较精细的震中分布图像和震源深度剖面图像,震源深度优势分布在6—10km,平均深度为10km,部分震中位置与震源深度变化较大的地震向断裂带靠近。基于地震精确定位结果,系统地计算了不同深度段的b值,发现研究区b值随震源深度的增加具有系统减小的趋势,且在地壳10km左右的减小趋势最为突出。表明江淮地区的地壳分层结构相对明显,在地壳浅部(0—10km)以小震为主,大地震较少,故b值高;而在深处(10—25km),大地震相对较多,b值减小。这一现象的背后物理机制可以从地壳介质复杂程度与应力状态的变化得以解释,破裂易于在地壳介质相对均匀、岩石静压力较高的地壳深处成核形成大地震。推测江淮地区未来强震多发生在10km以下的地壳深部。  相似文献   

19.
The double-difference earthquake relocation algorithm (DD algorithm) has been applied to the accurate relocation of 10057 earthquakes in the central-western China (21°-36°N, 98°-112E°) during the period of 1992-1999. In total, 79706 readings for P waves and 72169 readings for S waves were used in the relocation, and the source parameters of 6496 events were obtained. The relocation results revealed a more complete picture of the hypocentral distribution in the central-western China. In several seismic belts the relocated epicenters present a more defined lineation feature, reflecting the close correlation between the seismicity and the active tectonic structures. The relocated focal depths confirmed that most earthquakes (91 percent of the 6496 relocated events) in the central-western China were located at shallower depths not deeper than 20 km. The distribution of focal depths indicates that the seismogenic layer in the central-western China is located in the upper-mid crust with its thickness no deeper than 20 km.  相似文献   

20.
安宁河—则木河断裂带及东侧的大凉山断裂带作为大凉山次级块体西侧与东侧边界,具有发生大地震的活动构造背景.本文意在用有限的形变数据和地震数据两种资料评估大凉山次级块体边界断裂带的孕震深度及其地震危险性.采用弹性半空间模型对安宁河断裂、则木河断裂和大凉山断裂带滑动速率和闭锁深度进行了详细分析;计算了90%、95%和99%不同分位数的小震深度下界值并与GPS得到的闭锁深度进行对比,分析二者异同点.结果显示,安宁河断裂北段闭锁深度为6.2 km,不到90%分位小震震源深度16 km的一半,表明该段在1952年MS63/4地震后,断层逐渐趋于闭锁;而在6~16 km深度主要以小地震和无震滑动两种形式释放能量,存在深部蠕滑运动.大凉山断裂北段在0~10 km范围内完全闭锁,而10~25 km闭锁程度较弱.安宁河断裂南段、则木河断裂、大凉山断裂中段和南段均处于完全闭锁阶段,闭锁深度接近90%分位数小震深度的下界值,标准差约为0.94 km.此外,A、B、C三个剖面的反演结果表明大凉山次级块体的运动自北向南具有顺时针旋转特性,与川滇块体顺时针运动特征吻合.大凉山次级块体北、中、南三段边界断裂及块体内部总的滑动速率分别为9.8 mm·a-1、8.9 mm·a-1和8.4 mm·a-1,呈自北向南递减趋势.大凉山断裂南段布拖断裂和交际河断裂积累的能量分别能够发生一次矩震级为MW7.5的地震,离逝时间已经接近地震平均复发间隔,未来100年大地震的发震概率分别为7.1%和5.9%,应对其地震危险性给予重视.  相似文献   

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