共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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全球气候变化背景下,极端水文气象事件发生的频率和强度都受到了直接影响,研究气候变化对极端水文气象事件的影响对防灾减灾和工程设计等至关重要.采用了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第四次评估报告中给出的A1B、A2和B1三种温室气体排放情景,选用大气环流模式Had-CM3,利用随机天气发生器LARS-WG生成逐日气象资料,结合P-Ⅲ型曲线和线性矩方法分析计算了钱塘江流域21世纪中叶的设计暴雨情况.结果表明:LARS-WG天气发生器在钱塘江流域有较好的模拟效果;在A1B和B1情景下,钱塘江流域各站点不同重现期下的设计暴雨值基本呈增大趋势,其中A1B情景下杭州站百年一遇的设计暴雨值为209.14mm,比基准期增大11.0％. 相似文献
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西江流域"2005·06"特大暴雨洪水分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
2005年6月西江流域持续暴雨,强度大、历时长,造成西江中下游地区发生特大洪水,下游控制站梧州水文站洪峰量级超百年一遇,仅次于历史调查洪水1915年,列近百年来第二位。本文分析了暴雨成因、暴雨特性、洪水形成、组合情况、洪水特性及重现期,并与94·06、98·06洪水比较,为洪水管理与防汛工作提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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推理公式法是计算无资料小流域设计洪水的一种方法。广泛采用的暴雨概化公式为a=s/t~n;H_t=st~(1-n)式中:t——降雨历时,小时;a——历时t内的设计暴雨平均强度,毫米/小时;s——设计雨力,即设计最大1小时的暴雨平均强度,毫米/小时;H_t——历时t内的设计暴雨量,毫米;n——暴雨强度衰减指数。 相似文献
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马莲河流域"2003·8"暴雨洪水调查分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2003年8月25日,马莲河流域普降暴雨,暴雨中心发生了百年一遇特大洪水,流域出口控制站出现了1956年设站以来的第二大洪水,造成了重大的洪涝灾害.通过暴雨洪水调查,分析了本次暴雨洪水特性,为研究该流域暴雨洪水灾害及防治对策提供科学依据. 相似文献
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城市地区暴雨洪灾发生频繁，合理计算设计暴雨是解决城市洪涝的重要前提。采用随机暴雨移置方法（Stochastic Storm Transposition，SST），设定暴雨移置区并提取出暴雨目录，通过区域性概率重采样与暴雨空间变换相结合的方式进行降雨频率分析，估计本地化的极端暴雨频率。以上海地区为例，研究发现暴雨移置区内暴雨分布具有空间异质性，暴雨随机移置概率不均，计算得到的设计暴雨方案包含了降雨时空分布信息，在不同重现期下设计暴雨的时空结构存在变异性，说明传统方法中采用的简化雨型和均一化空间分布假设会增加设计暴雨的不确定性。 相似文献
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J. C. Stormont 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1996,14(4):243-267
Summary Capillary barriers, consisting of fine-over-coarse soil layers, are being considered as an alternative cover component for waste-disposal facilities, especially in dry climates. Infiltrating water is removed from the fine layer by evaporation or transpiration, or percolation into the coarse layer (failure). If the fine-coarse interface is sloped, water in the fine layer can also drain laterally under unsaturated conditions. The effectiveness of two capillary barriers in laterally diverting water was tested. The barriers were 7 m long and 1.2 m thick, built on a 10% slope. One had a homogeneous fine layer, while the fine layer of the other was layered to increase its ability to divert water laterally. The barriers were first subjected to constant infiltration (10 mm/day) followed by exposure to ambient climatic conditions. The layered capillary barrier was successful in laterally diverting water near the interface and did not permit any water to enter the coarse layer. In contrast, the homogeneous capillary barrier failed over its entire length. These results indicate that a significant lateral diversion capacity can be designed into capillary barriers, greatly increasing their effectiveness. 相似文献
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4．0％NaCl水溶液临界区域内白钨矿溶解度实验测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
溶解度的临界异常现象是超临界流体萃取技术的理论基础,目前在食品、化工等领域已得到广泛应用,但在地质领域的应用相对较少。在地质流体临界区域内金属矿物溶解度的变化行为尚需实验查明。本文在34MPa 恒压、250℃～470℃条件下和420℃恒温、压力为20～50MP 条件下分别在快速淬火高压釜中实验测定了化学试剂白钨矿在4.0%NaCl 水溶液中的溶解度。4.0%NaCl 水溶液的临界温度和临界压力分别约为411℃和31.4MPa。在34MPa 恒压条件下,白钨矿的溶解度随体系温度的升高而缓慢增大,但在体系临界温度附近突然出现极大值现象。在34MPa 恒压和温度在250℃～400℃区间内白钨矿与 WO_3在4.0%NaCl 水溶液中的溶解度(单位为 mmol/L)基本相同,这表明溶解态钨在热液流体中的存在形式可能相同。在420℃恒温条件下,白钨矿的溶解度随体系压力的升高而增大,在体系临界压力附近可能出现涨落现象,有待进一步实验查证。在4.0%NaCl 水溶液临界区域内,白钨矿的溶解度对体系温度和压力的变化反应敏感,表明白钨矿的溶解度在热液流体临界区域内具有临界异常现象。结合前人研究结果发现,白钨矿、石英、WO_3、MoO_3等物质在热液流体中的溶解度变化行为基本相似,即溶解度随体系温度和压力的升高而增大,在临界区域内出现临界异常现象。矿物溶解度的临界异常现象对揭示热液型钨矿床成矿物质的萃取、迁移和沉淀富集机制具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Variations of Raman spectra of MgSiO3·10% Al2O3-perovskite were investigated up to about 270 kbar at room temperature and in the range 108–425 °K at atmospheric pressure. Like MgSiO3-perovskite, the Raman frequencies of MgSiO3·10% Al2O3-perovskite increase nonlinearly with increasing pressure and decrease linearly with increasing temperature within the experimental uncertainties and the range investigated. A comparison of these data with those of MgSiO3-perovskite suggests that MgSiO3·10% Al2O3-perovskite is slightly more compressible than MgSiO3-perovskite, and that the volume thermal expansion for MgSiO3·10% Al2O3-perovskite is also slightly greater than that for MgSiO3-perovskite. 相似文献
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The solubilities of synthetic, natural and biogenic aragonite and calcite, in natural seawater of 35%. salinity at 25°C and 1 atm pressure, were measured using a closed system technique. Equilibration times ranged up to several months. The apparent solubility constant determined for calcite of 4.39(±0.20) × 10?7 mol2 kg?2 is in good agreement with other recent solubility measurements and is constant after 5 days equilibration. When we measured aragonite solubility we observed that it decreased with increasing time of equilibration. The value of 6.65(±0.12) × 10?7 mol2 kg?2, determined for equilibration times in excess of 2 months, is significantly less than that found in other recent measurements, which employed equilibration times of only a few hours to days. No statistically significant difference was found among the synthetic, natural and biogenic material. Solid to solution ratio, contamination of aragonite with up to 10 wt% calcite and recycling of the aragonite made no statistically significant difference in solubility when long equilibration times were used.Measured apparent solubility constants of aragonite and calcite are respectively 22( ± 3)% and 20( ± 2)% less than apparent solubility constants calculated from thermodynamic equilibrium constants and seawater total activity coefficients. These large differences in measured and calculated apparent solubility constants may be the result of the formation of surface layers of lower solubility than the bulk solid. 相似文献
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A. Aghahosseini D. Bogdanov N. Ghorbani C. Breyer 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(1):17-36
The devastating effects of fossil fuels on the environment, limited natural sources and increasing demand for energy across the world make renewable energy sources more important than in the past. The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference resulted in a global agreement on net zero CO2 emissions shortly after the middle of the twenty-first century, which will lead to a collapse of fossil fuel demand. The focus of the study is to define a cost optimal 100% renewable energy system in Iran by 2030 using an hourly resolution model. The optimal sets of renewable energy technologies, least-cost energy supply, mix of capacities and operation modes were calculated and the role of storage technologies was examined. Two scenarios have been evaluated in this study: a country-wide scenario and an integrated scenario. In the country-wide scenario, renewable energy generation and energy storage technologies cover the country’s power sector electricity demand. In the integrated scenario, the renewable energy generated was able to fulfil both the electricity demand of the power sector and the substantial electricity demand for water desalination and synthesis of industrial gas. By adding sector integration, the total levelized cost of electricity decreased from 45.3 to 40.3 €/MWh. The levelized cost of electricity of 40.3 €/MWh in the integrated scenario is quite cost-effective and beneficial in comparison with other low-carbon but high-cost alternatives such as carbon capture and storage and nuclear energy. A 100% renewable energy system for Iran is found to be a real policy option. 相似文献
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细粒含量判别法是无黏性粗粒土渗透变形类型主要判别方法,但细粒含量Pc25%渗透变形类型为流土和过渡的碎砾石,其渗透变形类型不符合细粒含量判别准则.通过对46个工程310个试样(其中Pc25%的试样数214个),渗透变形试验结果统计分析发现,该类土虽然仅占同级配段(Pc25%)比例为6.1%,但其颗粒级配曲线均具有独特特征,即各粒径级颗粒含量均较均匀,即Cu均大于5,Cc多数为1.0~3.0之间,即该类土大多数为优良级配,进一步分析发现其D15/d85之比均小于等于5,进而提出用D15/d85≤5作为判别该类土的方法. 相似文献
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实验室5%HCl条件下泥灰岩溶蚀形态特征分析——以四川奉节地区三叠系中统巴东组泥灰岩为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究岩溶作用过程中泥灰岩溶蚀形态的特征,采用试验分析和室内镜像观察的方法,研究了四川奉节地区三叠系中统巴东组泥灰岩的溶蚀过程及微观溶蚀形态变化。结果表明: 泥灰岩的溶蚀作用受不同因素的影响,特别是受节理裂隙发育的影响,形成多种不同的溶蚀形态,包括树枝状、环状及放射状、串珠状、分散状和生物壳状。泥灰岩在溶蚀过程中,可溶物质不断被溶解,大量的泥质物逐渐脱落并被水流动带走,致使泥灰岩的物质成分发生变化的同时,岩石结构也不断弱化。 相似文献
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We have calculated the total individual ion activity coefficients of carbonate and calcium, and , in seawater. Using the ratios of stoichiometric and thermodynamic constants of carbonic acid dissociation and total mean activity coefficient data measured in seawater, we have obtained values which differ significantly from those widely accepted in the literature. In seawater at 25°C and 35%. salinity the (molal) values of and are and , respectively. These values of and are independent of liquid junction errors and internally consistent with the value . By defining and on a common scale (), the product is independent of the assigned value of and may be determined directly from thermodynamic measurements in seawater. Using the value and new thermodynamic equilibrium constants for calcite and aragonite, we show that the apparent constants of calcite and aragonite are consistent with the thermodynamic equilibrium constants at 25°C and 35%. salinity. The demonstrated consistency between thermodynamic and apparent constants of calcite and aragonite does not support a hypothesis of stable Mg-calcite coatings on calcite or aragonite surfaces in seawater, and suggests that the calcite critical carbonate ion curve of Broecker and Takahashi (1978, Deep-Sea Research25, 65–95) defines the calcite equilibrium boundary in the oceans, within the uncertainty of the data. 相似文献
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