共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为了研究土壤容重、初始含水率、压力水头、黏粒含量和入渗时间5个因素对膜孔灌自由入渗特性的影响,根据正交试验设计12组试验（9组试验,3组验证试验）。通过开展室内膜孔灌试验,研究了多因素交互对膜孔灌自由入渗单位膜孔面积累积入渗量、入渗率及平均体积含水率增量的影响,并分别建立了单位膜孔面积累积入渗量和湿润体内平均体积含水率增量与各影响因素之间的经验模型。两模型的均方根误差分别为0.032 cm、0.006 cm3/cm3,相关系数均大于0.97,决定系数均大于0.95（P<0.01）,经验证模型计算值与实测值相对误差均在±13%范围以内。研究表明:压力水头对单位膜孔面积累积入渗量影响不显著（P>0.05）,初始含水率对其影响显著（P<0.05）,而土壤容重、黏粒含量和入渗时间对其影响极显著（P<0.01）,其影响程度由大到小依次为入渗时间、黏粒含量、土壤容重和初始含水率;湿润体内平均体积含水率增量不受入渗时间影响,4个因素对其影响均极显著（P<0.01）,其影响程度由大到小依次为初始含水率、土壤容重、压力水头和黏粒含量。研究成果可为进一步优化膜孔灌灌水技术要素组合提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原含砂砾石土壤导热率实验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
土壤导热率是土壤的基本物理参数之一,也是陆面模式的重要输入量,对研究土壤热传输、水热耦合运移有重要意义。青藏高原由于独特的地理环境备受学者关注,但目前常用的土壤水、热属性参数化方案仅仅考虑了沙土、粉土和黏土,就砂砾石重要性的认识还不足,很少有模式模拟砾石对青藏高原多年冻土和高寒草地的影响。采用便携式热导仪（KD2 Pro,DECAGON,美国）测量了青藏高原玛多和北麓河两地典型土壤在冻结和未冻结状态下不同水分条件时的土壤导热率,分析了砂砾石含量对土壤孔隙度的影响及冻结和未冻结状态下,不同水分条件下砂砾石含量对土壤导热率的影响。结果表明：当含水量高于某一阈值时,含水土壤冻结状态下的导热率高于未冻结状态下的导热率;土壤含水量对土壤导热率影响显著,导热率随着含水量的增加而增大,在含水量较小时变化更明显;砂砾石含量比重多的土壤孔隙度较小,且砂砾石含量越大的土壤在冻结状态下导热率高。以上结果表明,砂砾石对土壤导热率有显著影响,在将来的模式模拟研究中必须考虑砂砾石对土壤热属性的影响,进而提高土壤水热过程模拟的精度。 相似文献
3.
在研制了室内蒸发动态观测实验系统的基础上,分析了土表覆膜开孔率和灌水定额不同条件下,蒸发土壤含水率剖面的动态特征。通过累积蒸发量的计算分析,基于Gardner关于裸土蒸发的累积蒸发量与时间关系成正比的理论关系,建立了不同覆膜开孔率和灌水定额影响下累积蒸发量随时间变化的三因素模型,从而成为传统Gardner关系的进一步扩展。在此基础上,进一步分析了覆膜开孔率和灌水定额对相对累积蒸发量和单位膜孔面积累积蒸发量的影响,并得出了相对累积蒸发量和单位膜孔面积累积蒸发量与覆膜开孔率和灌水定额之间的定量函数关系。 相似文献
4.
Estimation of surface soil water content from surface temperatures in dust source regions of Mongolia and China 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Surface conditions, such as surface roughness and soil moisture, control wind erosion and dust emission in northeast Asia.
Data on spatial and temporal changes of surface soil water content are needed for dust-modeling systems used to predict dust
events with the aim of preventing damage from them. A modified temperature-vegetation dryness index (MTVDI) was tested to
see if it could reproduce surface soil water contents measured during the dust event season in Bayan Unjuul, Mongolia, and
Shenmu, China. MTVDI was calculated from land surface temperature and aerodynamic minimum and maximum surface temperatures
estimated from meteorological data. The standard deviation of the error of estimations of soil water content from MTVDI was
±1.5% in Bayan Unjuul when soil water content was lower than 4%. This compares favorably with the observational error of ±1%
of the soil moisture sensors used. 相似文献
5.
采用亮蓝FCF染色示踪剂, 研究膜下滴灌条件的水盐运移规律; 分别在灌溉前、灌溉中和灌溉后等不同时间段共开挖13个时刻的剖面, 观察膜下滴灌湿润面的运移情况; 以10 cm间隔的网格, 用MP406土壤水分探测器原位测定3 120个点的土壤体积含水率, 同时取1 430份土样, 利用1∶5土水比浸提法测定土壤盐分; 并利用WATCHDOG气象站监测研究区气象要素.结果表明: 染色示踪能直观表征土壤水盐运动轨迹; 膜下滴灌条件下, 垂直滴灌带方向土壤水流呈点源入渗特征、沿滴灌带方向近似呈线源入渗特征; 现行灌溉模式下, 壤质砂土湿润锋横向运移速率约为8 cm/h; 滴灌对滴头附近土体有一定洗盐效果, 未覆膜区域地表土体出现盐分积累; 灌水时间越长, 湿润锋越深, 横向扩展速率接近无作物小区(8 cm/h); 从土壤水合理利用角度考虑, 满足研究区一膜一带四行的种植模式和土质的单次合理灌水量应为29.4~69.8 mm. 相似文献
6.
掺绿砂改良膨胀土室内试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
绿砂高额的处理费用与其具有的再利用潜力相比,使绿砂再利用的研究得到重视,尤其对公路路基改良具有很大的利用潜力。针对膨胀土路基的胀缩问题,围绕绿砂及膨胀土-绿砂混合物进行一系列室内土工试验,探讨绿砂作为公路膨胀土路基改良剂的可行性。在不同含水率及不同配比条件下,对绿砂以及绿砂改良后膨胀土的基本物理性质、击实特性、力学特性等进行室内对比试验分析。分析结果表明,绿砂改良膨胀土试样的强度主要取决于试样的含水率、掺砂率;随着掺砂率的增加,塑性指数逐渐降低,最佳含水率也随之减小,最大干密度增大的幅度变化很小,无侧限抗压强度先降低而后提高,其后又降低。 相似文献
7.
探索了一种由土壤基本物性指标、气象数据预测非饱和土表层蒸发过程的方法。通过土壤基本物理性质（颗粒分布、土粒相对密度、干密度）预测出土-水特征曲线（SWCC）,进而得到土壤气相对湿度与含水率的关系,采用Penman-Wilson模型预测出了非饱和土表面的蒸发曲线。通过该方法,只需实地采取土样,获取其基本物理性质,由任意时刻土壤的含水率及气象数据就能预测出该时刻土表的蒸发速率。采用自制的自动蒸发测量系统进行浅层土蒸发试验,得到了蒸发曲线,与预测结果进行比较发现预测蒸发过程与实测结果一样皆由临界含水率和风干含水率将其分为3个阶段：稳定阶段、减速阶段和残余阶段,且蒸发量吻合,证明了所提出方法的准确性和实用性,对工程界估计土表蒸发量,确定水流量边界有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) prediction models which relate permeability, maximum dry density (MDD)
and optimum moisture content with classification properties of the soils. The ANN prediction models were developed from the
results of classification, compaction and permeability tests, and statistical analyses. The test soils were prepared from
four soil components, namely, bentonite, limestone dust, sand and gravel. These four components were blended in different
proportions to form 55 different mixes. The standard Proctor compaction tests were adopted, and both the falling and constant
head test methods were used in the permeability tests. The permeability, MDD and optimum moisture content (OMC) data were
trained with the soil’s classification properties by using an available ANN software package. Three sets of ANN prediction
models are developed, one each for the MDD, OMC and permeability (PMC). A combined ANN model is also developed to predict
the values of MDD, OMC, and PMC. A comparison with the test data indicates that predictions within 95% confidence interval
can be obtained from the ANN models developed. Practical applications of these prediction models and the necessary precautions
for using these models are discussed in detail in this paper. 相似文献
9.
TDR测定喀斯特地区石灰土含水量的标定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤含水量是气候、水文、土壤侵蚀等研究中的一个重要参数。TDR法因具有方便、快速、精确且不扰动土壤等优点而得到广泛应用,但因受土壤质地、容重、温度等物理因素的影响而必须对其进行标定。本研究采用室内标定(壤土)和田间标定(粗、中、细质土以及三者的组合)相结合的方式,对用TDR法测定的喀斯特地区不同质地石灰土含水量进行了标定。结果表明:（1)TDR法测定的土壤含水量比烘干法测定值要小,两者最大绝对偏差在室内标定条件下为10.6%,田间标定为12.2%;相应的相对偏差最高分别可达60.3%和32.8%。因此,必须在使用前对TDR进行标定。（2)标定后TDR法测定的土壤含水量精度明显提高,平均绝对偏差低至1.4%~3.1%;室内标定曲线精度略低于田间标定曲线。（3)不同质地组合的TDR法土壤含水量标定曲线的标定精度较高(平均绝对偏差为1.5% ~ 2.6%),可用于不同质地土壤含水量标定。本研究结果可用于修订校正研究区及类似区域TDR法测定土壤含水量的结果。 相似文献
10.
盐渍土中含有较多的可溶盐,其工程性质对含水率很敏感。将室内试验与现场试验相结合探索了电阻率法间接测定盐渍土含水率的可行性。采用高密度电阻率法对盐渍土浸水试验后的影响范围进行测试,通过在室内恒定温度下测定的盐渍土电阻率与含水率的关系,建立特定土体结构下的电阻率与含水率的数学模型。现场实测高密度电阻率值,利用现场观测的土层温度,计算出浸水范围的含水率,与现场分层实测含水率进行对比,验证了数学模型的可靠性。 相似文献
11.
Soil salinisation determines the distribution pattern of crop processes in irrigation districts. The research presented here was conducted in the Luohui Canal Irrigation District, which is located in the loess area of Shaanxi Province, China. A back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) for the soil water-salt state was established to predict soil salinity and alkalinity. The degree of influence of numerous factors on the dynamics was quantitatively determined using the default factor testing method and verified with grey relational analysis. The results show that the BPANN prediction accuracy is very high, and it can efficiently depict the comprehensive relationships between the influential factors and dynamic states. The influence of soil moisture, evaporation, groundwater salt and groundwater depth on the dynamics is significant in the region. The current irrigation method, used for many years, cannot meet the water necessities for the vegetation, causing the groundwater levels to decline and a lowering of the soil moisture zone, leading to the occurrence of serious soil salinisation. Under the action of evaporation, more salt accumulates in the upper part of the soil, resulting in extensive soil salinisation. The higher the groundwater salt content, the more salt is carried by rising capillary water, and the more the soil is salinised. If groundwater depth was to exceed the critical water table, then groundwater and salt would move to the soil surface by moisture evaporation, and salt would build up on the soil surface in this irrigation district. The interactions between each factor forms a complex coupling relationship state. 相似文献
12.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) models have been extensively used to predict
different soil properties in geotechnical applications. In this study, it was aimed to develop ANFIS and ANN models to predict
the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of compacted soils. For this purpose, 84 soil samples with different grain-size
distribution compacted at optimum water content were subjected to the unconfined compressive tests to determine their UCS
values. Many of the test results (for 64 samples) were used to train the ANFIS and the ANN models, and the rest of the experimental
results (for 20 samples) were used to predict the UCS of compacted samples. To train these models, the clay content, fine
silt content, coarse silt content, fine sand content, middle sand content, coarse sand content, and gravel content of the
total soil mass were used as input data for these models. The UCS values of compacted soils were output data in these models.
The ANFIS model results were compared with those of the ANN model and it was seen that the ANFIS model results were very encouraging.
Consequently, the results of this study have important findings indicating reliable and simple prediction tools for the UCS
of compacted soils. 相似文献
13.
双向冻结-单向融化土压缩性及水分迁移试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室内冻融试验,研究双向冻结-单向融化作用下不同冻前含水率和干密度对青藏粉黏土压缩特性的影响及水分迁移的变化规律。试验结果表明：（1）大梯度冻融作用使低密度土压缩性减小,使高密度土压缩性增大;而小梯度冻融作用使低、高密度土的压缩性均减小;（2）随着冻前含水率的增加,大梯度冻融作用使土体压缩性增大,但变化幅度逐渐减小,小梯度冻融作用的土体压缩性变化并不明显;（3）随着冻结梯度的增加,不同干密度融土相对压缩系数均呈现先减小后增加的变化趋势,不同冻前含水率融土相对压缩系数总体呈增大趋势;（4）温度梯度冻结后,试样含水率分布从上冷端到下冷端呈增大-减小-增大的变化规律,随着冻结温度梯度的减小,试样中部含水率先增大后减小。 相似文献
14.
Barry J. Dempsey 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1978,2(1):19-34
An investigation was conducted to develop a comprehensive moisture model for predicting non-isothermal moisture conditions in soils. An extensive literature review indicated that a model based on the Philip and de Vries equations for non-isothermal moisture movement and heat conduction would give the best results. By using numerical methods, the implicit finite difference approximations to the moisture movement and heat-transfer equations were programmed for computer solution of water content and temperature in the soil with time. Validation studies indicate that the moisture model can be used to predict accurately moisture conditions in the soil. The model was validated by using hydraulic data from laboratory studies conducted on soil columns compacted with AASHO A-3 and AASHO A-4 soil. The application of the moisture model to the study of non-isothermal moisture movement in the field is demonstrated. The influence of parameters such as water table depth, precipitation, and soil hydraulic properties on soil moisture content are shown by use of the moisture model. The model is shown to be applicable to a wide range of boundary conditions and that it predicts the moisture-temperature regime with time in soils utilizing climatic input data. 相似文献
15.
灌水定额对玉米膜孔灌土壤水氮运移特性影响试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过玉米膜孔灌测坑试验,分析了灌水定额条件下的膜孔灌农田土壤垂直剖面水氮分布规律。经研究表明：灌水定额越大,土壤含水量越大,分布范围越广,土壤80~100 cm层的含水量越高;灌水定额越大,土壤表层（0~20.0 cm）含水量变化越大,硝态氮含量越小,变化越大,对深层80~100 cm硝态氮含量影响越大;随灌水定额的增加,硝态氮累积峰越靠下,低、中、高灌水定额的硝态氮累积峰分别出现在30 cm4、0 cm5、0 cm左右,高灌水定额时,增加了硝态氮的淋失,不利于作物对水氮的吸收。 相似文献
16.
选择喀斯特高原峡谷关岭—贞丰花江示范区为研究对象,在2018年5-9月采用土壤水分传感器对0~40 cm土层的土壤含水率进行监测,以分析花椒地、金银花地、火龙果地3种不同经济林地土壤储水量的季节变化特征及土壤含水量的剖面变化特征。结果表明:（1）3种经济林地土壤储水量随着降雨的季节变化明显,与降水随时间的变化趋势一致,但在时间上滞后于降水量。在观测期内不同经济林地0~40 cm土层土壤储水量表现为火龙果地（478.97 mm）>金银花地（372.64 mm）>花椒地（322.15 mm）;（2）随着土层的加深,含水率总体呈增加趋势,观测期火龙果地、金银花地、花椒地的土壤含水率分别为35.97%、27.36%、23.55%,整体变异系数分别为9.64%、19.53%、24.27%,火龙果地为弱变异,花椒地和金银花地为中等变异。火龙果地的持水效果最好,金银花地和花椒地次之,因此在贵州省花江喀斯特高原峡谷区的石漠化治理过程中可适量种植火龙果以达到生态恢复效果,并推动当地产业发展。 相似文献
17.
Influence of soil moisture content on surface albedo and soil thermal parameters at a tropical station 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Half hourly data of soil moisture content, soil temperature, solar irradiance, and reflectance are measured during April 2010 to March 2011 at a tropical station, viz., Astronomical Observatory, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India (76°59’E longitude and 8°29’N latitude). The monthly, seasonal and seasonal mean diurnal variation of soil moisture content is analyzed in detail and is correlated with the rainfall measured at the same site during the period of study. The large variability in the soil moisture content is attributed to the rainfall during all the seasons and also to the evaporation/movement of water to deeper layers. The relationship of surface albedo on soil moisture content on different time scales are studied and the influence of solar elevation angle and cloud cover are also investigated. Surface albedo is found to fall exponentially with increase in soil moisture content. Soil thermal diffusivity and soil thermal conductivity are also estimated from the subsoil temperature profile. Log normal dependence of thermal diffusivity and power law dependence of thermal conductivity on soil moisture content are confirmed. 相似文献
18.
灌溉引起的黄土工程地质性质变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引水灌溉改变了黄土的原生环境,使黄土在增湿乃至饱和的过程中,微结构、物理、力学及水理性质都不同程度地发生了变化,成为诱发黄土灾害的重要条件.以甘肃省黑方台灌区为研究区,开展从原位试验到室内测试、从传统土力学到非饱和土力学、从微观到宏观的多角度系统研究,揭示灌溉引起的黄土工程地质性质变化.研究结果表明,灌溉造成黄土原生结构破坏,孔隙总量和孔隙度普遍减小,造成天然含水量、天然密度、干密度等物理性质指标增高,天然孔隙比降低,黄土压缩性和湿陷性趋低,抗剪强度降幅尤为明显;从非饱和土力学角度看,灌溉使得黄土含水量增加,基质吸力降低,非饱和黄土强度参数也随之呈递减趋势;从黄土时效变形分析看,灌溉使得黄土更易发生蠕变变形和破坏. 相似文献
19.
黄土高原西部土壤水分时空变化模拟研究——以安家坡流域为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
土壤水作为陆地水循环和水量平衡的一个重要组成部分,在土壤-植被-大气连续体物质与能量转化中起着重要的作用,成为陆面过程研究中的重要参量.选择黄土高原西部的安家坡流域,采用多点长序列观测方法,对该区域土壤水分的时空变化规律进行研究.结果表明:坡向和土地利用类型是小流域土壤水分变异的重要影响因素,得出了不同立地条件下土壤水分的剖面变化与时间的动态规律.在此基础上,利用土壤湿度指数结合主要影响因素预测土壤水分的时空变化,旨在为黄土高原大中尺度的土壤水分模拟提供思路. 相似文献
20.
通过对陕北毛乌素沙地不同农业措施土壤水分的观测分析,揭示出沙区土壤水分受补(灌)水量与农业措施如地下衬垫与地表覆盖的双重影响与控制,地下衬膜和地表覆膜抑渗、抑蒸保墒效应促进了土壤--作物--大气连续体系中水分有效循环,增加了耕层土壤贮水量,加大植物可利用的土层水分,从而使苜蓿增产,并可节水32%～40%,为沙区推广地下衬垫(膜)与地表覆盖(膜)节水技术提供科学依据. 相似文献