共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):139-150
The influence of a non-coaxial model for granular soils on shallow foundation analyses is investigated. The non-coaxial plasticity theory proposed by Rudnicki and Rice (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1975, 23, 371–394) is integrated into a Drucker–Prager model with both perfect plasticity and strain hardening. This non-coaxial model is numerically implemented into the finite-element program ABAQUS using a substepping scheme with automatic error control. The influence of the non-coaxial model on footing settlement and bearing capacity is investigated under various loading and boundary conditions. Compared with the predictions using conventional coaxial models, the non-coaxial prediction results indicate that the settlement of a footing increases significantly when the non-coaxial component of plastic strain rate is taken into consideration, although ultimate footing bearing capacities are not affected significantly. The non-coaxial model has a different effect on footing settlements under different loading and boundary conditions. In general, the discrepancies between coaxial and non-coaxial predictions increase with increasing rotation of principal stresses of the soil mass beneath a footing. It can be concluded that if the non-coaxial component of plastic strain rate is neglected in shallow foundation problems using the finite-element method, the results tend to be non-conservative when designs are dominated by settlement of footings. 相似文献
2.
In reality, footings are most likely to be founded on multi-layered soils. The existing methods for predicting the bearing capacity of 4-layer up to 10-layer cohesive soil are inaccurate. This paper aims to develop a more accurate bearing capacity prediction method based on multiple regression methods and multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), one type of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Predictions of bearing capacity from the developed multiple regression models and MLP in tractable equations form are obtained and compared with the value predicted using traditional methods. The results indicate ANNs are able to predict accurately the bearing capacity of strip footing and outperform the existing methods. 相似文献
3.
Mohamed A. Shahin 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2015,10(2):109-125
In this paper, the feasibility of using evolutionary computing for solving some complex problems in geotechnical engineering is investigated. The paper presents a relatively new technique, i.e. evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR), for modelling three practical applications in geotechnical engineering including the settlement of shallow foundations on cohesionless soils, pullout capacity of small ground anchors and ultimate bearing capacity of pile foundations. The prediction results from the proposed EPR models are compared with those obtained from artificial neural network (ANN) models previously developed by the author, as well as some of the most commonly available methods. The results indicate that the proposed EPR models agree well with (or better than) the ANN models and significantly outperform the other existing methods. The advantage of EPR technique over ANNs is that EPR generates transparent and well-structured models in the form of simple and easy-to-use hand calculation formulae that can be readily used by practising engineers. 相似文献
4.
Jesús Díaz-Curiel Sandra Rueda-Quintero Bárbara Biosca Georgina Doñate-Matilla 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(5):1119-1127
In this paper, we present a modification of the existing mathematical formulation used to obtain the allowable bearing pressure from dynamic penetration tests in order to extend its applicability to the design of shallow foundations. The conventional relationships adopted to obtain the allowable bearing pressure from penetrometer tests have a discontinuous gradient, and they are limited to a depth less than the footing width. The aim of this work was to find a relationship that permits the estimation of this pressure in cohesionless soils, from the results of dynamic probing super heavy tests, through a single non-piecewise and continuous relationship that remains valid up to depths several times the footing width. This equation was applied as part of the geomechanical characterization survey undertaken for the construction of an elevated helipad in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. The survey results were considered satisfactory, and the construction was completed without structural problems. 相似文献
5.
A finite element approach based on an advanced multi‐surface kinematic constitutive model is used to evaluate the bearing capacity of footings resting on granular soils. Unlike simple elastic‐perfectly plastic models, often applied to granular foundation problems, the present model realistically accounts for stress dependency of the friction angle, strain softening–hardening and non‐associativity. After the model and its implementation into a finite element code are briefly discussed, the numerical difficulty due to the singularity at the footing edge is addressed. The bearing capacity factor Nγ is then calculated for different granular materials. The effect of footing size, shape, relative density and roughness on the ultimate bearing capacity are studied and the computed results compare very favourably with the general experimental trends. In addition, it is shown that the finite element solution can clearly represent counteracting mechanisms of progressive failure which have an important effect on the bearing capacity of granular foundations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(4):271-277
The paper presents the performance of a square footing with a structural skirt resting on sand and subjected to a vertical load through an experimental study. A series of tests were conducted in a model test tank to evaluate the performance in terms of improvement in bearing capacity and reduction in settlement of a square footing with and without a structural skirt. The results of the study reveal that this type of reinforcement increases the bearing capacity, reduces the settlement and modifies the load settlement behaviour of the footing. The various factors influencing the bearing capacity improvements and settlement reduction using a structural skirt are identified. Skirt factors are proposed which can be introduced into the general ultimate bearing capacity equation for a square footing resting on sand. The predictions made through the modified equation are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The bearing capacity of square footing is increased in the range of 11.2 to 70%. The improvement in bearing capacity decreases with the increase in base roughness of the footing. Further, an equation for a settlement reduction factor is proposed which can be used to calculate the settlement of the square footing with structural skirt resting on sand. The settlement reduction factor (SRF, defined as the ratio of settlement of footing with structural skirt to the settlement of footing without structural skirt at a given load) was in the range 0.11 to 1.0 depending on applied load and skirt depth ratio with the use of a structural skirt. The results further reveal that for a given depth of the skirt, the settlement reduction factor decreases with the increase in applied load. The improvement in the bearing capacity and reduction in settlement of a square footing with a structural skirt resting on sand are dependent on the geometrical and structural properties of the skirt, footing, sand characteristics and interface conditions of the sand–skirt–footing system. 相似文献
7.
Experimental and numerical investigations into the bearing capacity of circular footing on geogrid-reinforced compacted granular fill layer overlying on natural clay deposit have been conducted in this study. A total of 8 field tests were carried out using circular model rigid footing with a diameter of 0.30 m. 3D numerical analyses were performed to simulate soil behavior using finite element program Plaxis 3D Foundation. The results from the FE analysis are in very good agreement with the experimental observations. It is shown that the degree of improvement depends on thickness of granular fill layer and properties and configuration of geogrid layers. Parameters of the experimental and numerical analyses include depth of first reinforcement, vertical spacing of reinforcement layers. The results indicate that the use of geogrid-reinforced granular fill layers over natural clay soils has considerable effects on the bearing capacity and significantly reduces the lateral displacement and vertical displacement of the footing. 相似文献
8.
Arash Alimardani Lavasan Ali Talsaz Mahmoud Ghazavi Tom Schanz 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(6):1791-1805
This paper numerically examines the bearing capacity and failure mechanism of a shallow strip foundation constructed above twin voids. The voids may refer to caves, caverns, underground aqueduct or tunnels due to water seepage, chemical reaction or deliberately excavated in soil deposit. The ability of numerical model to accurately predict the system behavior is evaluated by performing verification analyses on existing researches. Subsequently, a parametric study carried out to reveal the influence of size of footing/voids and their location (i.e. depth, spacing, eccentricity) on the bearing capacity of footing. To clarify the failure mechanism, the distribution of shear strain in the soil for different scenarios is assessed. The parametric study provided a new framework to determine the bearing capacity and the mode of failure for footings on voids. Based on the results, a criterion can be issued to avoid collapse of footing/voids regarding the shape, location and size of voids. The results can also be used to design construction of a footing on existing voids while the acquired failure mechanisms can be appointed to develop analytical solutions for this problem. Results demonstrated that a critical depth for voids and a critical distance between them exist where the influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of footing disappears. 相似文献
9.
压板载荷试验是目前被普遍采用且认为是最可靠的地基承载力确定方法,但其影响因素多诸如压板尺寸、埋置深度、地基土均匀性、沉降稳定标准等,尤其以压板尺寸对试验结果的影响最大。工程实践表明,利用压板试验确定的地基承载力特征值设计的基础,实测沉降与计算沉降之间的误差较大,在已有研究成果基础上,研究载荷试验尺寸效应及地基承载力确定方法：（1）综述目前地基承载力确定方面存在问题;（2）分析载荷试验的尺寸效应;（3）基于杨光华教授提出的非线性切线模量法,推导并给出了如何利用小压板载荷试验结果得到实际基础的荷载-沉降曲线的方法;（4）给出利用实际基础的p-s曲线确定地基承载力的方法,实现地基安全和沉降双控的目的;（5）由于压板试验只能反映浅层土,文中利用旁压试验确定深层土的地基承载力的方法。具体工程实例结果表明,基于利用小压板获得的参数计算的沉降值更符合实际;研究通过小压板原位测试方法获取沉降计算的岩土体统参数方法,不仅能够提高沉降计算精度,还可促进基础设计理论的发展和设计水平的提高。 相似文献
10.
建立了横-竖立体加筋（H-V筋）地基的有限元模型,通过分析地基中的竖向应力分布、水平向位移分布以及筋-土界面相互作用,发现横-竖立体加筋地基中的竖向应力在筋材下方出现扩散和重分布,并逐渐向土体下部传递,使得土体中整体的应力分布更加均匀;同时,横-竖筋材中的竖筋类似于一个侧壁,其提供的垂直侧向力约束了介于竖筋间的土体,限制了土体的侧向水平位移,使得地基中筋材上部土体的侧向水平位移变小。基于有限元模拟对横-竖立体加筋地基加固机制的认识,将横-竖立体筋视为作用在地基上的一维弹性地基梁,通过弹性地基梁理论,根据弗拉曼解推导求解了横-竖立体加筋地基中任意一点竖向附加应力的计算表达式。将模型计算结果与有限元模拟所得结果进行对比发现两者吻合良好。 相似文献
11.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):107-111
The stability of eccentrically loaded strip footings on slopes was investigated using the method of finite element analysis based on the theory of elasto-plasticity. The analysis was done for two different soils involving three levels of slope angle, six footing locations, and two levels of load eccentricity plus central vertical loading. The strip footing analysed was a 3-ft (0.9 m) wide reinforced concrete footing embedded to a depth of 3 ft (0.9 m). The analysis focused on footing settlement, plastic yielding of soil, and ultimate bearing capacity. The results of analysis show that the influence of load eccentricity on footing pressure vs. footing centre settlement is negligibly small. However, the progressive soil yielding and ultimate bearing capacity are greatly affected by load eccentricity. Furthermore, the effect of load eccentricity differs considerably with the load location relative to the footing centre and slope crest. The ultimate bearing capacity for the eccentric load located on the slope side is significantly greater than that for the load located on the other side of the footing centre. For a 2(H): 1(V) slope in silty clay, the effect of slope on footing stability decreases with increasing footing location from slope crest as would be expected, and diminishes when the footing is located from the crest at about 5-times the footing width. 相似文献
12.
In this study, two different approaches are proposed to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations on granular soil. Firstly, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed to predict the ultimate bearing capacity. The performance of the proposed neural model is compared with results of the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, Fuzzy Inference System and ANN, which are taken in literature. It is clearly seen that the performance of the ANN model in our study is better than that of the other prediction methods. Secondly, an improved Meyerhof formula is proposed for the computation of the ultimate bearing capacity by using a parallel ant colony optimization algorithm. The results achieved from the proposed formula are compared with those obtained from the Meyerhof, Hansen and Vesic computation formulas. Simulation results showed that the improved Meyerhof formula gave more accurate results than the other theoretical computation formulas. In conclusion, the improved Meyerhof formula could be successfully used for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations. 相似文献
13.
The classical solution to the bearing capacity problem predicts the limit load on symmetrically loaded shallow strip footings. A useful hypothesis was suggested by Meyerhof to account for eccentricity of loading, in which the footing width is reduced by twice-the-eccentricity to its ‘effective’ size. This hypothesis sometimes has been criticized as being overconservative. This paper examines Meyerhof’s suggestion and presents the bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded footings calculated using the kinematic approach of limit analysis. It is found that the effective width rule yields a bearing capacity equivalent to that calculated based on the assumption that the footing is smooth. For more realistic footing models and for cohesive soils the effective width rule is a reasonable account of eccentricity in bearing capacity calculations. Only for significant bonding at the soil-footing interface and for large eccentricities does the effective width rule become overly conservative. For cohesionless soils, however, the effective width rule may overestimate the best upper bound. This overestimation increases with an increase in eccentricity. © 相似文献
14.
In this paper, an effort is made to evaluate the seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footing resting on c–ф soil. The formulation is developed to get a single coefficient of bearing capacity for simultaneous resistance of weight, surcharge and cohesion. Limit equilibrium method in Pseudo-static approach with Coulomb mechanism is applied here to evaluate the seismic bearing capacity. The seismic bearing capacity of footing (quE) is expressed in terms of single coefficient NγE. The effect of various parameters viz. angle of internal friction of soil (ф), angle of wall friction (δ), cohesion (c), ratio of depth to width of footing (df/B0), seismic acceleration (kh, kv) are studied on the variation of seismic bearing capacity co-efficients. 相似文献
15.
Experimental Study of Bearing Capacity of Granular Soils,Reinforced with Innovative Grid-Anchor System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mansour Mosallanezhad Nader Hataf Arsalan Ghahramani 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(3):299-312
The pull-out resistance of reinforcing elements is one of the most significant factors in increasing the bearing capacity
of geosynthetic reinforced soils. In this research a new reinforcing element that includes elements (anchors) attached to
ordinary geogrid for increasing the pull-out resistance of reinforcements is introduced. Reinforcement therefore consists
of geogrid and anchors with cubic elements that attached to the geogrid, named (by the authors) Grid-Anchor. A total of 45
load tests were performed to investigate the bearing capacity of square footing on sand reinforced with this system. The effect
of depth of the first reinforcement layer, the vertical spacing, the number and width of reinforcement layers, the distance
that anchors are effective, effect of relative density, low strain stiffness and stiffness after local shear were investigated.
Laboratory tests showed that when a single layer of reinforcement is used there is an optimum reinforcement embedment depth
for which the bearing capacity is the greatest. There also appeared to be an optimum vertical spacing of reinforcing layers
for multi-layer reinforced sand. The bearing capacity was also found to increase with increasing number of reinforcement layer,
if the reinforcement were placed within a range of effective depth. The effect of soil density also is investigated. Finally
the results were compared with the bearing capacity of footings on non-reinforced sand and sand reinforced with ordinary geogrid
and the advantages of the Grid-Anchor were highlighted. Test results indicated that the use of Grid-Anchor to reinforce the
sand increased the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow square footing by a factor of 3.0 and 1.8 times compared to that for
un-reinforced soil and soil reinforced with ordinary geogrid, respectively. 相似文献
16.
This paper examines the potential of least‐square support vector machine (LSVVM) in the prediction of settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil. In LSSVM, Vapnik's ε‐insensitive loss function has been replaced by a cost function that corresponds to a form of ridge regression. The LSSVM involves equality instead of inequality constraints and works with a least‐squares cost function. The five input variables used for the LSSVM for the prediction of settlement are footing width (B), footing length (L), footing net applied pressure (P), average standard penetration test value (N) and footing embedment depth (d). Comparison between LSSVM and some of the traditional interpretation methods are also presented. LSSVM has been used to compute error bar. The results presented in this paper clearly highlight that the LSSVM is a robust tool for prediction of settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
The bearing capacity of shallow foundations in a non-homogeneous soil profile has been a challenging task in geotechnical
engineering. In this paper, a limit equilibrium method is used for calculating bearing capacity factors of shallow foundations
constructed on a two-layered granular soil profile. The main objective has been to determine the ultimate bearing capacity
computed from equivalent bearing capacity factors Nq and Nγ and comparing that with numerical analysis using finite element methods. It will be shown that the data obtained form the
developed method are well comparable with those obtained from FE approach, specially when the difference between shear strength
parameters of layers is low which is a practical case for sedimentary soil profiles and also for artificially compacted soils.
A computer program has been developed to investigate the influence of various parameters on bearing capacity factors. 相似文献
18.
19.
通过构建一种网格状多刚性块破坏机制,利用上限法研究了黏土地基各向异性和非均质对粗糙条形基础地基承载力的影响。该破坏机制允许滑动面和速度矢量沿破坏区域过渡区的径向和切向发生变化,形成了更为精确的破坏机制和塑性流动速度场。根据上限定理得到各向异性和非均质性黏土上条形基础极限承载力的目标函数,将其转化为非线性规划问题,并通过编程对该计算模型进行求解。与已有研究成果对比分析表明,两者具有较好一致性,且优于现有同类方法。文中亦探讨了黏土地基非均质、各向异性以及其他相关参数对地基承载力的影响。 相似文献
20.
非均质地基承载力及破坏模式的FLAC数值分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用基于Lagrangian显式差分的FLAC算法，通过数值计算，对黏结力随深度线性增长的非均质地基上条形基础和圆形基础的极限承载力及地基破坏模式进行了对比计算与系统分析。研究表明：（1）随着地基黏结力沿深度非均匀变化系数的增大，地基的破坏范围逐渐集中在地基表层和基础两侧：（2）即使地基的非均质程度较小，当将非均质地基近似地按均质地基考虑时，由此所估算的承载力可能过于保守；（3）地基承载力系数随黏结力沿深度非均匀变化系数的增大而非线性地增大。与数值解相比，skempton与Peck等近似公式均可能高估了非均质地基承载力。 相似文献