共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Theo Rauch 《Geoforum》1982,13(2):151-161
The Nigerian growth-pattern, with its shift from more labour-intensive and resource-based to more capital-intensive and import-based industries, caused an increasing spatial concentration of productive forces, resulting in deteriorating living conditions for the majority of the population in rural and in urban areas. The Nigerian government never had a systematic regional policy. The impact of its general economic policy, however, fostered spatial polarisation by favouring import-based industries of the highest technological level while discriminating against other economic activities. As the scope for decentralisation within this pattern of accumulation is extremely limited, the problem cannot be solved by instruments of regional policy but only by altering the overall growth-pattern. 相似文献
2.
Using LMDI method to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions in China’s petrochemical industries 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
China’s petrochemical industries are playing an important role in China’s economic development. However, the industries consume large amounts of energy and have become primary sources of carbon emission. In this paper, the change in carbon emissions from China’s petrochemical industries between 2000 and 2010 was quantitatively analyzed with the Log-Mean Divisia Index method, which was decomposed into economic output effect, industrial structural effect and technical effect. The results show that economic output effect is the most important factor driving carbon emission growth in China’s petrochemical industries; industrial structural effect has certain decrement effect on carbon emissions; adjustment of industrial structure by developing low-carbon emission industrial sectors may be a better choice for reducing carbon emissions; and the impact of technical effect varies considerably without showing any clear decrement effect trend over the period of year 2000–2010. The biggest challenge is how to make use of these factors to balance the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions. This study will promote a more comprehensive understanding of the inter-relationships of economic development, industrial structural shift, technical effect and carbon emissions in China’s petrochemical industries and is helpful for exploration of relevant strategies to reduce carbon emissions. 相似文献
3.
China’s petrochemical industries are playing an important role in China’s economic development. However, the industries consume large amounts of energy and have become primary sources of carbon emission. In this paper, the change in carbon emissions from China’s petrochemical industries between 2000 and 2010 was quantitatively analyzed with the Log-Mean Divisia Index method, which was decomposed into economic output effect, industrial structural effect and technical effect. The results show that economic output effect is the most important factor driving carbon emission growth in China’s petrochemical industries; industrial structural effect has certain decrement effect on carbon emissions; adjustment of industrial structure by developing low-carbon emission industrial sectors may be a better choice for reducing carbon emissions; and the impact of technical effect varies considerably without showing any clear decrement effect trend over the period of year 2000–2010. The biggest challenge is how to make use of these factors to balance the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions. This study will promote a more comprehensive understanding of the inter-relationships of economic development, industrial structural shift, technical effect and carbon emissions in China’s petrochemical industries and is helpful for exploration of relevant strategies to reduce carbon emissions.
相似文献4.
Prof. Dr. Elisha Efrat 《GeoJournal》1977,1(4):41-46
Conclusions The industrialization of the development towns is one of the main factors in the creation of a modern productive economy in a new social environment. The proportion of Israel's large industrial plants that have been located in the developments town is much larger than the corresponding proportion of all the country's industries. The tendency to establish relatively large industries in the development towns will probably continue for a considerable time, and it will necessitate the chanelling of large government resources to the development regions.A more serious obstacle is the shortage of labour, and particularly of skilled labour. In contrast to the supply of capital, this difficulty cannot be solved by administrative decisions taken in accordance with an agreed economic policy. What is needed here is a revolution in vocational training, and a diversification in plant sizes, the smaller plants supplying services to the larger industries.Vocational education is one of the most important conditions for the success of the industrialization process in the development towns. Jews have no technological and industrial tradition, and when they established their state, they did not attach sufficient importance to the rapid training of a labour force that would be able to take its place in the new factories. In making up for this omission, it is important to avoid concentrating on the conservative and traditional trades, and attention should be paid to the needs of the newer and more sophisticated industries. 相似文献
5.
Reduction of environmental pollution through optimization of energy use in cement industries 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. R. Karbassi Ph.D. H. R. Jafari Ph.D. A. R. Yavari Ph.D. H. Hoveidi H. Sid Kalal Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(1):127-134
Industrial development has lead to higher energy consumption, emission of greenhouse gases, as well as air pollutants. Cement factories play an important role in over all greenhouse emissions. This study aims to investigate the role of Iranian cement industries and their contribution of greenhouse gases contribution. The measured emission factors for oil and fuel gas shows that carbon dioxide contribution from fuel oil based cement industries is almost 2.7 times higher than gas based cement factories. The strength, weakness, opportunity and threat technique analysis showed that the best strategy to combat greenhouse gases from Iranian cement factory is to implement energy efficiency measures. Further, strategic position and action evaluation matrix analysis indicates that Iranian cement industries fall within invasive category. Therefore, exploitation of opportunities must carefully be used. One of these opportunities is the utilization of financial assistance provided by clean development mechanism. The results show that replacement of ball mills with vertical roller mill can reduce the electricity consumption from 44.6 to 28 kWh/ton. As a result of such substitution about 720 million kWh/y of electricity would be saved (almost a power plant of 125 MW capacities). Though implementation of new mills may not be economic for the cement industries’ owner, but the overall gain for the government of Iran will be about US$ 304 million. If the duration of such efficiency measure is considered as about 12 y, then the overall CO2 reduction/phase-out would be around 4.3 million tons. 相似文献
6.
Spatial concentration of manufacturing always ends up with regional inequalities. This phenomenon is also true in the case
of Thailand. The pattern of industrial development in Thailand from 1996 to 2005 was examined using composite index in analyzing
the pattern, the results of which are described in this paper. The review was aimed at assessing the effects of development
policies and the factors that influenced the concentration of industrial development in the country. Results of the analysis
indicated that most industries are concentrated only in Bangkok and its vicinity even if the Government of Thailand has promoted
investment policies to support and develop provincial industries in the remote rural areas. Moreover, the results also showed
that capital intensive based industries are concentrated in the urban areas, while the resources-based industries are mainly
found in the rural areas. Despite wide zonal variation of industrial development within Thailand, the outcomes of the industrial
decentralization policy are very impressive and leading to the path of greater success in coming decades. 相似文献
7.
Transnational companies as a source of skill upgrading: The electronics industry in Ho Chi Minh City 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Employment and training in TNCs constitute a potential route through which FDI-led industrialization can contribute to national and regional development and economic growth. The article explores this link through the case of TNCs in the electronics industry in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The skill upgrading contribution of TNCs is related to the type of factories located in Vietnam and the role they play in regional production networks using a model combining the reverse product cycle and regional waves of FDI. Most electronics factories in Vietnam are ‘reproduction factories’ with mature technology and a narrow role in basic component manufacturing; it is shown that their contribution to skill upgrading is correspondingly narrow. Training for the majority of employees is very simple, and those who receive additional training do this especially in labour management, not in technical fields. Only a small group of engineers receive advanced technical training, in Vietnam and in the parent company abroad. The best prospects for increased skill upgrading are found in those companies that are more than reproduction factories for assembly; however, such companies are still few. The TNCs also represent a potential contribution to skill upgrading in local firms through supplier linkages and movement of staff, but when they operate in isolation from a local economy with little absorptive capacity, as in this case, this potential is not realized. 相似文献
8.
Mr. J. Sargent 《GeoJournal》1980,4(3):205-214
This paper outlines the main changes in industrial location in Japan since the end of World War II. After a brief introduction, the paper discusses the growth of industrial regions between 1955 and 1965, and gives particular attention to the establishment of heavy industrial complexes in coastal locations and to the growth of assembly-line industries in inland locations. Some reference is also made to the role of local government inducement policies. The paper then turns to an examination of trends since 1965, and considers the significance of external diseconomies, changes in local government policy, labour shortage, improvements in transport and communications, and regional development policy. The paper argues that these factors have been responsible for a limited dispersal of manufacturing away from the main industrial regions. In conclusion, the paper briefly considers the implications of current economic trends for industrial location. 相似文献
9.
Natural Hazards - The 2011 flood was the worst in Thailand in decades. Many of the impacts occurred in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The floods negatively affected small and medium enterprises... 相似文献
10.
Soen D 《GeoJournal》1977,1(5):21-26
Summary The successive population dispersal plans elaborated for the State of Israel since its establishment have met with only partial success in their implementation. While the country's population increased from under 900,000 in 1948 to about 3.25 million in 1972 (excluding the administered areas), the Tel Aviv and the Central Districts in the coastal plain have continued to hold their dominant position and to attract a major proportion of the new settlers. However, whereas the share of these districts in the country's total population in 1948 was 50.7%, it came down by 1972 to 46.6%, and this reduced share can largely be credited to the implementation of the dispersal plan. The district that has mainly benefited from the dispersal policy is the Southern District, which held in 1948 only 2.4% of the country's total population and increased its share by 1974 to 11.8%. (Of the Jewish population taken by itself, this share has reached 12.2%).Admittedly, these results have always diverged to a greater or lesser extent from the targets set in the various dispersal plans: while the coastal plain has grown beyond the planned limits, the outlying districts have always come short of the planned objectives. Conflicting government policies are partly to blame. Contrary to the population dispersal policy, the Government's investment policy in industries and housing has favored the coastal districts more than the development regions. The factors that have helped these outlying regions in their partial success were the economic attractions of their mineral resources and of sea-port developments. 相似文献
11.
Work on the growing international phenomenon of return migration requires a base of comparative knowledge on the less conspicuous process of inter-regional return migration. Three questionnaire studies in the North-East of England identified about one-quarter of respondents as ‘returned migrants’ to that region. This group are attracted to work in new factories, but their economic status has not been markedly improved by geographic mobility. 相似文献
12.
This paper shows the importance that urban planning plays in the development of Hong Kong. This leads to a reassessment of the role of the government, which is the sole proprietor of the land, in the economy – while it acknowledges the importance of market forces. The first part shows how, since 1945, Hong Kong authorities have been obliged to intervene more in urban planning and local development, despite their liberal ideology. The second part focuses on the interaction between government action and market forces, and their influence in this development. The third part deals with the question of the economic integration between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) after China started its economics reforms in 1978. The deconcentration of Hong Kong industries to China was mainly due to market forces, but provided a new role for the government. This role is analyzed through its transportation policy – the domain with the most visible governmental intervention before and after 1997. It indicates the preference of the government to develop the territory rather than better integration with the PRD, because of the internal economic problems that may emerge from this integration. Nevertheless, for political and economic reasons, this integration is also seen as necessary. The future of Hong Kong’s economy lies in the answers the authorities will give to this dilemma. 相似文献
13.
Louis Augustin-Jean 《GeoJournal》2005,62(1):1-13
This paper shows the importance that urban planning plays in the development of Hong Kong. This leads to a reassessment of the role of the government, which is the sole proprietor of the land, in the economy – while it acknowledges the importance of market forces. The first part shows how, since 1945, Hong Kong authorities have been obliged to intervene more in urban planning and local development, despite their liberal ideology. The second part focuses on the interaction between government action and market forces, and their influence in this development. The third part deals with the question of the economic integration between Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) after China started its economics reforms in 1978. The deconcentration of Hong Kong industries to China was mainly due to market forces, but provided a new role for the government. This role is analyzed through its transportation policy – the domain with the most visible governmental intervention before and after 1997. It indicates the preference of the government to develop the territory rather than better integration with the PRD, because of the internal economic problems that may emerge from this integration. Nevertheless, for political and economic reasons, this integration is also seen as necessary. The future of Hong Kong’s economy lies in the answers the authorities will give to this dilemma. 相似文献
14.
Danlin Yu 《GeoJournal》2014,79(2):195-207
Due to its rapid economic gains in recent decades, studies of China’s regional development have recently attracted scholarly attentions. Multi-scalar and multi-mechanism are proposed as crucial approaches in China’s regional studies. More advanced methodological development in GIS and spatial analysis also lends power to in-depth understanding of China’s regional development. This study examines the development mechanisms from a spatial–temporal perspective in Greater Beijing Area (GBA), China. In particular, with panel data of GBA from 1995 to 2001 at county level, the study intends to apply a spatial panel regression analysis to study the well identified regional development mechanisms, namely, institutional factors, globalization and urbanization. Based on the panel data analysis, a tentative geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) is also proposed to explore the potentially varying relationships between economic development and its mechanisms from a space–time standpoint. Results from the analyses are quite interesting. First, when urbanization seems to hinder regional development in GBA with cross-sectional analysis, the spatial panel analysis indicates that urbanization contributes to GBA’s development in the 7 years span. Second, per capita foreign investment, which was usually deemed one of the major factors of globalization and a financial engine for regional development in the reform China, turns out to be a negligible mechanism in GBA’s development. Third, among all the development mechanisms, the government’s financial capability seems to dominate the regional development in GBA. GTWR analysis further revealed potential non-stationary relationships among the modeled variables, indicating that the functions of regional development mechanisms are inherently heterogeneous both spatially and temporally in GBA. 相似文献
15.
Locational components of urban and regional public policy in postwar Vietnam: The case of Ho Chi Minh city (Saigon) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ho Chi Minh city is a primate city in which wartime dislocations have resulted in severely overcrowded conditions as well as a shrunken economic base. The new government has opted for a policy based on the rapid decanting of a large proportion of the urban population by encouraging internal migration to New Economic Zones in the hinterlands. This policy is based on a hierarchial administrative structure with agricultural productivity as its prime goal. A Green Belt policy has been articulated that uses the New Economic Zones as building blocks. The Green Belts constrain urban growth as well as provide foodstuff for the remaining urban residents. The ultimate objective of the overall policy is a balanced urban and regional environment that is in tune with Vietnam's agricultural economy. 相似文献
16.
The role of economic sectoral structure in regional growth and development is widely acknowledged. However, there has been scarce reflection on its role as a policy instrument, particularly for peripheral regions. In reaction, this paper investigates the role of economic sectoral structure as a policy instrument towards more resilient peripheral regions. Through a multiple country policy analysis, the paper determines to what degree economic sectoral structure is reflected in regional development policies of 18 countries with predominantly rural characteristics and lagging regions. Moreover, the role of economic sectoral structure towards more resilient regions is quantified and measured for a specific peripheral region case in South Africa as developing country exhibiting poor economic resilience. The paper highlights related variety as a key ingredient for a region to reach a state of dynamic stability between adaptation and adaptability towards enhanced long-term resilience capacity of the peripheral region. The research concludes that policy focus should support the maintenance of the sectors and industries of comparative advantage on the regional scale, but strongly focus on sectoral comparative advantage within the national scale (if present) to establish a more robust region. This will establish and strengthen the identified peripheral growth centres as centres of national competitiveness and specialisation. Primary policy actions as emanated from the literature and the multiple country policy analysis will promote more efficient sectoral composition as key towards more resilient peripheral regions. It is acknowledged that these policy actions must be informed by a detailed regional economic analysis for different peripheral regions to determine inherent and latent economic potential and link with interdependent industries. This paper will highlight that regional policy should become more explicit by exploiting the role of economic and natural resources as growth engines for the peripheral regional economy in a more effective way through a multi-centred territorial structure.
相似文献17.
Zoltán Dövényi 《GeoJournal》1994,32(4):393-398
The paper examines the present situation on the Hungarian labour market. Since the political and economic transition in the beginning of the 90s, unemployment is on the rise in Hungary like in all other post-socialist countries. During socialism the political leaders sacrified economic efficiency for the sake of the idea of full employment. It resulted not only an ill working economy but a latent unemployment, the so called indoor unemployment within the large factories and companies. According to contemporary western estimates the socialist production yield could have been achieved by 20% less labour staff. After the transition the rate of unemployment was not growing so fast as it could be expected, however. The study sheds light on the causes. The most serious problems are the high rate of unemployment of the young and the number of unqualified working age population, especially the Gypsis. From west to east the labour situation is getting worse in the countryside. When surveying the future perspectives the study presents estimates on the expected number of the unemployment and describes the defects of the government measures taken in this field. 相似文献
18.
Johan G. Borchert 《Geoforum》1975,6(3-4)
This article analyses the relationship between internal migration patterns and regional economic development in present-day Albania. Using demographic data migration figures were calculated for the period 1965–1971. These figures indicate that there is a Strong tendency for migration from the peripheral areas to the industrial triangle of Durrës-Tirana-Elbasan, and to the fertile farming area of the coastal lowlands which used to be malarial swamps. Present government policy however is directing growth away from the largest centres towards both the smaller centres and rural areas. Recent aims have been to achieve as even a spread of population and economic activity as possible. 相似文献
19.
A large part of the work in economic geography and other social sciences surrounding globalization processes has focused on the prospects of economic growth due to the establishment of global production chains and the rise of new clusters of industrial activity. In recent years, much less attention has been paid to former growth industries and regions that have suffered from the negative consequences of internationalization processes. This paper will explore the cases of two chemical regions, i.e. southern Hessen, Germany and Rhône-Alpes, France. Both regions were forced to undergo drastic restructuring since the mid 1990s due to the merger of the chemical groups Hoechst and Rhône-Poulenc into Aventis. The paper argues that it is beneficial to develop a relational perspective of economic action and interaction in order to better understand these regional transformations and restructuring processes and their consequences. Instead of investigating the development of activities, which became the core operations at Aventis, we will focus on other activities that were considered less important and, consequently, split off. In analyzing the logic of restructuring and the associated changes in regional supplier relations, this paper aims to contribute to a relational understanding of economic globalization and its associated threats to regional development by focusing on agents who are subject to negative restructuring consequences. 相似文献
20.
Yong-Woong Kim 《GeoJournal》2001,53(1):5-15
In the early stages of economic development in Korea, national territorial planning was used as a policy tool to guide spatial structure and to provide physical infrastructure for urban and industrial development. Such a top-down approach was inevitable because Korea maintained the centralized political and government system until the early 1990s. Circumstances, however, have changed recently since the 1990s with progress in democratization and localization. In addition, forces of globalization are making significant impacts on the parameters of national territorial planning. Reflecting these changes in both internal and external conditions, the Fourth National Territorial Plan (2000–2020) has adopted a different approach from the past three territorial plans. This paper reviews the socio-economic background that necessitated such changes in approaches to national territorial planning. A major thrust of the Fourth Plan, a focus on emergent or anticipated planning issues in Korea, is discussed. Finally, the paper examines the rationale for long-term strategic planning in the highly fluctuating situation facing Korean society in the new century. 相似文献