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1.
Mathematic modeling, established on the basis of physical experiments, is becoming an increasingly important tool in oil and gas migration studies. This technique is based on the observation that hydrocarbon migration tends to take relative narrow pathways. A mathematical model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is constructed using the percolation theory. It is then calibrated using physical experimental results, and is tested under a variety of conditions, to understand the applicability of the model in different migration cases. Through modeling, dynamic conditions of large-scale migration pathways within homogeneous formations can be evaluated. Basin-scale hydrocarbon migration pathways and their characteristics are analyzed during the model application to the Chang-8 Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area of Ordos Basin. In heterogeneous formations, spatial changes in fluid potential determine the direction of secondary migration, and heterogeneity controls the characteristics and geometry of secondary migration pathways. 相似文献
2.
Mathematic modeling, established on the basis of physical experiments, is becoming an increasingly important tool in oil and gas migration studies. This technique is based on the observation that hydrocarbon migration tends to take relative narrow pathways. A mathematical model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is constructed using the percolation theory. It is then calibrated using physical experimental results, and is tested under a variety of conditions, to understand the applicability of the model in different migration cases. Through modeling, dynamic conditions of large-scale migration pathways within homogeneous formations can be evaluated. Basin-scale hydrocarbon migration pathways and their characteristics are analyzed during the model application to the Chang-8 Member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Longdong area of Ordos Basin. In heterogeneous formations, spatial changes in fluid potential determine the direction of secondary migration, and heterogeneity controls the characteristics and geometry of secondary migration pathways. 相似文献
3.
The conduit system of heat fluids in diapiric belt of Yinggehai basin is dominantly vertical faults and fractures. Detailed
research on the formation mechanism and their occurrence features shows that the faults and fractures can be classified into
three types: intrastratal dispersive hydrofracture, puncturing fault and upwarping-extensional fault. The development of the
fault and fracture system not only resulted in the changes of the temperature and pressure fields in the basin, but also affected
the hydrocarbon migration in the overpressured system. These faults and fractures constituted the main pathways for vertical
hydrocarbon migration, and opening and closing intermittently led to episodic expulsion of overpressured fluid compartment.
Thus there formed the pool-forming model of multi-source mixing and ploy-stage migration and accumulation for hydrocarbons
in the Yinggehai basin.
Project jointly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.95-Pre-39) and the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49732005), and A Hundred Excellent Researchers Foundation from the Ministry of Land
and Resources. 相似文献
4.
准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系以隐蔽油气藏为主,地震资料在目的层分辨率较低、地震反射特征不清晰,制约了对该区的低幅构造、岩性圈闭的识别和评价.本文根据侏罗系的沉积特点,建立河流、（扇）三角洲沉积体系地质模型,制作尖灭体、透镜体、河道砂、浊积体等地质体的三维物理模型,通过实验测试方法,研究地层条件下岩石物理性质的变化特征,系统研究储层地球物理参数变化的总体规律,并结合测井资料,采用波场物理模拟方法,研究波场响应特征与储层参数变化之间的规律,分析各种情况下的波场特征、属性特征. 相似文献
5.
构造应力一直被认为是超压形成的重要机制,但对其研究还处于定性的分析阶段．本文利用以有限元方法为基础的盆地数值模型,在一维的剖面上考虑构造应力强度、构造作用时间及方式、地层的物理成岩特征及其岩石渗透率等因素的变化,对构造应力在地层压力演化中的作用进行了模拟分析．获得了一些构造应力作为超压形成机制的新认识：（1）构造应力在水平方向上增加了地层的压实作用;（2）在极端条件下,构造应力所引起的超压增量可达构造应力的一半;（3）上覆地层因构造应力的作用而发生的更为强烈的压实结果对其下伏地层内压力的演化也很重要,其增加的超压增量可达构造应力的15%～20％． 相似文献
6.
大型、构造复杂的三维物理模型可用于模拟油气勘探。构造逼近实际地质状况的模拟具有制作技术难度大、质量控制严格等特点,可用于采集宽方位、多方位和全方位的地震数据,从而进行多种三维处理、解释方法验证。本文针对中国西部前陆盆地地表条件复杂地下构造复杂,导致成像不理想等问题,基于复杂的地下构造,设计制作了目前世界上模拟施工面积最大、构造最复杂的KS(塔里木盆地克深勘探工区)物理模型。本文的模型技术的进步主要涉及3个方面:模型的设计方法、模型的浇铸流程和数据采集,首次给出了物理模型的三维真实速度模型,定量分析了物理模型的制作精度,绝对误差小于3mm,可以满足方法试验的需要。该模型基于三维形态测量技术建立了三维真实速度模型,可作为方法试验的基础数据。因此,该模型可作为地震物理模拟技术的标准。 相似文献
7.
The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5°C in the bedding parallel veins to 222°C in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures. 相似文献
8.
The Lucaogou Formation carbonate-rich oil shale source rock is exposed at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. We have sampled it in detail and conducted microstructural, mineralogical and geochemical studies, including thin section petrography, UV fluorescence petrography, X-ray diffraction, vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, fluid inclusion analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Organic matter is disseminated through the carbonate-bearing siltstone source rocks and concentrated in numerous bedding parallel stylolites and in two sets of carbonate veins, one along bedding parallel fractures and the other cross-cutting stylolites and bedding. The research about maturity of organic matter finds vitrinite reflectance values increase from the dispersed kerogen (0.64%) to the stylolites (the one of oriented vitrinite is 0.72% and the one of migrated bitumen is 2.38%); Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in veins containing hydrocarbon fluid inclusions show an increase from 178.5°C in the bedding parallel veins to 222°C in the cross-cutting veins, confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results support a model of progressive heating accompanied by fluid loss during later stages of thermal maturation of source rock and the onset of primary migration. Obviously, the occurrence of organic matter is the trace of hydrocarbon primary migration, and the bedding lamination surfaces and cross-cutting fissures are the principal pathways of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids migration. Bedding lamination surfaces evolved into stylolites along the earliest primary migration pathways, followed by bedding parallel and cross-cutting fissures. 相似文献
9.
The coal-bearing strata of the deep Upper Paleozoic in the GS Sag have high hydrocarbon potential. Because of the absence of seismic data, we use electromagnetic (MT) and gravity data jointly to delineate the distribution of deep targets based on well logging and geological data. First, a preliminary geological model is established by using three-dimensional (3D) MT inversion results. Second, using the formation density and gravity anomalies, the preliminary geological model is modified by interactive inversion of the gravity data. Then, we conduct MT-constrained inversion based on the modified model to obtain an optimal geological model until the deviations at all stations are minimized. Finally, the geological model and a seismic profile in the middle of the sag is analysed. We determine that the deep reflections of the seismic profile correspond to the Upper Paleozoic that reaches thickness up to 800 m. The processing of field data suggests that the joint MT–gravity modeling and constrained inversion can reduce the multiple solutions for single geophysical data and thus improve the recognition of deep formations. The MT-constrained inversion is consistent with the geological features in the seismic section. This suggests that the joint MT and gravity modeling and constrained inversion can be used to delineate deep targets in similar basins. 相似文献
10.
Unconventional natural gas extraction from tight sandstones, shales, and some coal‐beds is typically accomplished by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that is necessary for economic development of these new hydrocarbon resources. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential for contamination of shallow groundwater by stray gases, formation waters, and fracturing chemicals associated with unconventional gas exploration. A lack of sound scientific hydrogeological field observations and a scarcity of published peer‐reviewed articles on the effects of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities on shallow groundwater make it difficult to address these issues. Here, we discuss several case studies related to both conventional and unconventional oil and gas activities illustrating how under some circumstances stray or fugitive gas from deep gas‐rich formations has migrated from the subsurface into shallow aquifers and how it has affected groundwater quality. Examples include impacts of uncemented well annuli in areas of historic drilling operations, effects related to poor cement bonding in both new and old hydrocarbon wells, and ineffective cementing practices. We also summarize studies describing how structural features influence the role of natural and induced fractures as contaminant fluid migration pathways. On the basis of these studies, we identify two areas where field‐focused research is urgently needed to fill current science gaps related to unconventional gas extraction: (1) baseline geochemical mapping (with time series sampling from a sufficient network of groundwater monitoring wells) and (2) field testing of potential mechanisms and pathways by which hydrocarbon gases, reservoir fluids, and fracturing chemicals might potentially invade and contaminate useable groundwater. 相似文献
11.
本文提出一种高效率求解油气二次运移的方法,以水动力为油气运移模型,采用多重网格加速方法．典型油气二次运移的计算表明：该多重网格加速方法极大地提高了求解油气二次运移的偏微分方程速度,其计算工作量为O（N）（N为网格节点数）,解的收敛速度与网格尺度无关,当网格密度增加时,仍能保证偏微分方程解的稳定性．本文在数值模拟之后,对东营凹陷的实际资料进行了处理,其计算结果表明本文提出的多重网格方法对油气运移的计算有良好的实用意义． 相似文献
12.
流体迁移和运动的模拟是含油气系统定量研究与分析的核心内容，在生储盖圈闭等基本成藏要素分析的基础上，根据地下深部烃类流体生成、运移的基本物理化学规律，文章提出了描述含油气系统流体迁移和运动特征的数学模型，介绍了相应的定量模拟软件PSM（Petroleum System Modeling）的结构和功能，结合开鲁盆地陆西凹陷的实例，利用PSM对凹陷的J3jf1-J3jf(!)含油气系统在不同时期的生排烃、运移聚集过程等进行了模拟，研究认为，J3jf1-J3jf(!)的关键时刻为阜新期末（J3fx），烃源岩的大量生烃、油气的运聚及圈闭演化等成藏作用相互配合，有利于油气的运移与聚集，实例应用表明，含油气系统定量模拟不仅为地质家提供了一套更好地理解、评价含油气系统的工龄，同时结合其他研究方法可以更好预测有利勘探目标。 相似文献
13.
塔里木盆地是一个多旋回叠合盆地,下古生界烃源岩具有典型的二次生烃特征.当前关于二次生烃的研究集中在通过热模拟方法认识生烃机理和模式等方面,关于典型盆地二次生烃发生范围、分布规律、影响因素研究相对较少.本文在认识塔里木盆地构造背景和热演化规律的基础上,选取不同构造单元具有代表性的50余口井,利用Basin Mod 1D盆... 相似文献
14.
非常规油气藏（如致密性地层及蕴藏油气的页岩地层）的重要特征是低孔、低渗,但裂隙或裂缝比较发育.为满足非常规勘探的需求,本文将孔、裂隙介质弹性波传播理论应用于多极子声波测井的井孔声场模拟,重点研究了致密介质中裂隙发育时多极子声波的传播机理以及衰减特征.井孔声场的数值计算结果表明裂隙的存在明显改变了弹性波和井孔模式波的频散、衰减和激发强度,尤其是井壁临界折射纵波的激发谱的峰值随着频率的增加逐渐降低,这与应用经典的Biot理论下的计算结果相反,且裂隙的存在也使得饱含水和饱含气时临界折射纵波激发强度的差异变大.井孔模式波的衰减与地层横波衰减和井壁流体交换有关,井壁开孔边界下致密地层裂隙发育还使得井孔斯通利波和艾里相附近的弯曲波对孔隙流体的敏感性增强,在井壁闭孔边界条件下引起井孔模式波衰减的主要因素是裂隙引起的地层横波衰减造成的,且在截止频率附近弯曲波的衰减与地层的横波衰减一致.数值计算结果为解释非常规油气地层的声学响应特征提供了参考. 相似文献
15.
Combining time–amplitude and time–frequency information from seismic reflection data sets of different resolutions allows the analysis of anomalous reflections from very-shallow to great subsurface depths. Thus, it can enhance the imaging of subsurface features which have a frequency-dependent reflectivity such as gas. Analysing seismic data of different resolution in the time–amplitude and time–frequency domains is a powerful method to determine hydrocarbon migration pathways from deep reservoirs to the seafloor. This interpretation method has been applied to the formerly-glaciated offshore Queen Charlotte Basin hosting several seafloor pockmarks and mounds associated with the leakage of underlying hydrocarbon reservoirs. Low-frequency shadows observed in the time–frequency domain provide evidence of different resolutions that several anomalous reflection amplitudes may be attributed to the occurrence of gas. The seismic imagery shows that gas uses a fault to migrate from deep reservoirs included in Upper Mesozoic strata towards secondary reservoirs located along the fault plane into Neogene layers. Once gas reaches a porous cut-and-fill succession, migration changes from structurally- to stratigraphically-controlled before gas leaks through unconsolidated Quaternary sediments forming the shallow subsurface to eventually seep at the seafloor where pockmarks and carbonate mounds are formed. 相似文献
16.
Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar Basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas shows.This,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of petroleum fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary migration.In order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source petroleum fluid.Analytical results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source rocks.As Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the petroleum fluid formed in the source sequences would be Mn-rich.Consequently,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich petroleum fluid would be Mn-rich accordingly.Due to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration direction.Then,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar Basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon migration.The Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the petroleum migration.This paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary petroleum migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions. 相似文献
17.
Lunnan region is a large-scale paleohigh with many coexisting oil and gas bearing series. At present, about 2 billions tons of proved, probable and possible oil and gas reverses have been proved there. Eight oil and gas bearing series have been found in the Ordovician, Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic of Lunnan region, they all bear the characteristics of large-scale multilayer oil-gas province. Ordovician is the main reservoir series where over 0.8 billion tons of oil geologic reserves were discovered, and a super large-scale marine carbonate oil and gas field has formed. Reservoir space of the carbonate reservoirs is mainly composed of dissolved hole, dissolved pore and fracture in Lunnan paleo-burial hill. Generally, dissolved holes are widely distributed among them. Reservoir developments are mainly controlled by karstification and tectonic disruption. Due to the similar geochemical characters, the Ordovician, Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reservoirs present the same oil source rock of Mid-Upper Ordovician, the latter except Ordovician are mostly of secondary oil and gas reservoirs migrated vertically by faults during the process of multiple phase tectonic movement, adjustment and reconstruction. Lunnan composite oil and gas accumulation region is situated in the vicinity of large-scale hydrocarbon generation depressions in three directions, ample oil and gas from hydrocarbon generation depressions supplied the adjacent oil and gas reservoirs once. Hereby, the succeed paleohigh is the long-term hydrocarbon accumulation region, which is favor for the formations of high quality reservors, fault systems and huge-scale composite oil and gas accumulation. 相似文献
19.
Lunnan region is a large-scale paleohigh with many coexisting oil and gas bearing series. At present, about 2 billions tons of proved, probable and possible oil and gas reverses have been proved there. Eight oil and gas bearing series have been found in the Ordovician, Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic of Lunnan region, they all bear the characteristics of large-scale multilayer oil-gas province. Ordovician is the main reservoir series where over 0.8 billion tons of oil geologic reserves were discovered, and a super large-scale marine carbonate oil and gas field has formed. Reservoir space of the carbonate reservoirs is mainly composed of dissolved hole, dissolved pore and fracture in Lunnan paleo-burial hill. Generally, dissolved holes are widely distributed among them. Reservoir developments are mainly controlled by karstification and tectonic disruption. Due to the similar geochemical characters, the Ordovician, Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reservoirs present the same oil source rock of Mid-Upper Ordovician, the latter except Ordovician are mostly of secondary oil and gas reservoirs migrated vertically by faults during the process of multiple phase tectonic movement, adjustment and reconstruction. Lunnan composite oil and gas accumulation region is situated in the vicinity of large-scale hydrocarbon generation depressions in three directions, ample oil and gas from hydrocarbon generation depressions supplied the adjacent oil and gas reservoirs once. Hereby, the succeed paleohigh is the long-term hydrocarbon accumulation region, which is favor for the formations of high quality reservors, fault systems and huge-scale composite oil and gas accumulation. 相似文献
20.
根据鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田上方的ＭＩ０２线、江苏储家楼油田与江汉盆地花园油田地表十字剖面土壤磁性的测量结果，研究地表是否存在与深部油气藏中烃类垂向运移相关磁性蚀变带的可能性及其分布形式．结果表明，ＭＩ０２线样品显示了明显的高磁性异常特征，并与酸解烃之间呈很强的正相关．磁滞回线形态与参量显示出明显的亚铁磁性特征．电子探针分析结果表明，样品中主要磁性矿物（磁铁矿）中高温杂质元素含量很低．江汉盆地花园油田十字剖面磁滞回线参量（饱和磁化强度Ｊｓ与饱和等温剩磁Ｊｒ）的高异常位于油田周边，油田顶部土壤呈典型顺磁性特征．储家楼油田地表土壤的高磁性异常主要位于油田上方，它们均与盖层中的断裂构造对应，储家楼油田的高磁性样品中发现的典型球粒状磁铁矿为次生低温磁铁矿，它与烃运移之间存在成因关系． 相似文献
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