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东天山吐哈盆地南缘古生代活动陆缘残片：中亚地区古亚洲洋板块俯冲的地质记录 总被引：35，自引：28，他引：35
本文根据对已有地质资料的综合研究，系统论述了吐哈盆地南缘古生代活动陆缘残片的时空分布、岩石组合和岩石化学特征，在此基础上对古亚洲洋构造演化进行了简要的探讨。该区活动陆缘残片由奥陶纪-志留纪（？）、泥盆纪、石炭纪火山沉积岩系和泥盆纪、石炭纪深成岩组成。这些不同时代岩浆岩的时空分布揭示出该区弧岩浆前锋带的演化具有向南逐渐迁移的特点。这些不同时代的火山岩和深成岩在岩石组合和岩石化学方面都类似于钙碱系列弧岩浆岩。它们的这些特征，结合它们的区域地质背景，使我们得出如下初步结论：它们的形成演化与以南侧康古尔塔格碰撞带中的洋壳残片为代表的古洋岩石圈板块向西伯利亚古板块之下的俯冲有关；它们很可能是出露在阿尔泰山南侧、蒙古南部和大兴安岭中部等地的类似杂岩一起构成了古亚洲洋中西伯利亚古板块活动陆缘；该活动陆缘的发育，提示出古亚洲洋板块向西伯利亚古板块之下的俯冲在奥陶纪至古炭纪期间一直在持续进行。 相似文献
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在对中亚阿尔泰山系及邻区的构造格架研究中, 在西伯利亚前寒武纪陆壳板块和东欧—塔里木—中朝前寒武纪陆壳板块之间,划分出一个重要的一级构造单元,本文将其称为古亚洲古生代洋壳板块,进而划分出北古亚洲早古生代多岛洋壳板块、中古亚洲晚古生代多岛洋壳板块、南古亚洲早古生代多岛洋壳板块。另外,还对次级构造单元进行了划分。中生代以后,这一板块就成为统一的欧亚大陆板块的一部分。与构造单元的划分相对应,对成矿单元进行了划分。在古亚洲古生代成矿域的基础上,划分了北古亚洲洋早古生代成矿省、中古亚洲洋晚古生代成矿省、南古亚洲洋早古生代成矿省。还对其次级成矿单元进行了详细划分,较好的解决了成矿系列和成矿预测等有关问题。研究成果还提出：前陆盆地和山间盆地是能源矿产聚集的有利场所;俯冲带和火山岛弧带是层控火山岩型黑色—有色—贵金属矿产的赋矿空间;陆岛和变质混合岩地体是花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属和工业用白云母矿床的富集地段;构造裂解的喷发岩和斑岩则是斑岩銅（鉬）矿床的集中产地。新陆壳的应力松弛区的碱性岩带是稀有矿床产生的优良场所。据此优选了70多处各类矿床的预测区。他们会对丝绸之路经济带阿尔泰次经济区的进一步找矿和开发提供帮助。 相似文献
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新疆及周边古地磁研究与构造演化 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
新疆古地磁研究始于1979年,20年来通过对塔里木、准噶尔、昆仑山等地区的古地磁研究,获得了古生代—新生代塔里木板块、准噶尔板块和青藏板块古地磁极移曲线和古纬度资料。震旦纪以前塔里木板块尚未形成,晚震旦世在赤道附近各地块才联合成塔里木板块的主体部分。后经历了两次快速北移,一次快速南移。准噶尔板块早古生代为一个独立的微板块,在晚古生代与哈萨克斯坦板块联合成一体,组成了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块;塔里木板块震旦纪时还属冈瓦纳大陆的一个组成部分,早古生代逐渐脱离了冈瓦纳大陆,快速向北漂移,晚古生代早期与准噶尔板块首次在东部碰撞,成为劳亚大陆南缘的一个增生体。将介于劳亚大陆和冈瓦纳大陆之间的古陆体,称之谓华夏古陆群。晚古生代末—中生代早期,华夏古陆群先后增生到劳亚大陆南缘;早古生代早期古特提斯洋尚未形成,诸地块处于冈瓦纳大陆范围内,位于南半球的赤道附近。在中-晚志留世,这些地(板)块才快速向北漂移,由于洋扩张,形成了古特提斯洋,构成了三大陆块群夹两个大洋的古地理格局;二叠纪是特提斯构造演化关键时期,晚侏罗-早白垩世昆仑地块与柴达木地块和塔里木地块发生碰撞,联合成一体。早侏罗世早期柴达木地块等与塔里木地块发生碰撞联合,造成了古特提斯洋消亡。早侏罗世中期,开 相似文献
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柴达木北缘古生代蛇绿岩及其构造意义 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
柴达木北缘古生代奥陶纪期间具有大洋构造环境，该蛇绿构造混杂带中浅变质大洋拉斑玄武岩—辉长岩—角闪片岩—榴辉岩代表了不同俯冲深度上的古洋壳残片，它们与洋岛火山岩和蛇绿岩残片均是恢复和鉴别古大洋环境的重要标志 相似文献
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重点分析和总结了由前寒武纪增生复合体和造山带混杂岩重建的古老造山带洋板块地层,包括由英国威尔士安格尔西岛新元古代莫纳超群混杂岩重建的太平洋洋板块地层、由澳大利亚西北部皮尔巴拉早太古代克里夫维尔绿岩带重建的古印度洋洋板块地层。澳大利亚东皮尔巴拉地块大理石坝地区早太古代玄武岩-硅质岩-碎屑岩序列与日本二叠纪-三叠纪洋板块地层在岩石组成和地球化学特征方面具有高度的相似性,这一认识将为早太古代洋板块地层的沉积环境从高热流洋脊扩张区经过热点向低热流海沟陆源碎屑沉积区转变这一过程提供有力支持。从增生造山带洋板块地层保存的岩石记录看,不同年代洋板块地层的主要物质组成和岩石类型相似,因此在地球38亿年的演化进程中,洋壳扩张、海洋沉积、俯冲及增生的过程并没有显著变化;但随着时间推移,年轻造山带洋板块性质和洋板块地层组成与古老造山带相比,可能会发生一些变化。就古老造山带洋板块地层而言,前寒武纪的地幔温度略高,太古代局部熔融显著,熔融量大大超过洋壳扩张速率,因而没有形成席状岩墙群。 相似文献
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晚古生代—早中生代古亚洲洋板块俯冲华北板块在辽北法库地区形成大型产状近水平的韧性剪切带。剪切带发展伴随着多期幔源及壳源的岩浆侵入,侵入岩在韧性剪切作用下发生韧性变形,记录了韧性剪切带变形历史。详细的野外地质调查结合岩石的宏观变形、显微构造及石英c轴组构特征分析,揭示了法库韧性剪切带内五龙山杂岩、高丽沟杂岩、早期十间房超单元变形处于上盘向北的剪切作用之下,晚期十间房超单元岩石变形指示构造运动转变为上盘向南剪切。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析结果显示高丽沟杂岩变形时间为264.7±3.6 Ma(MSWD=1.3),早期十间房超单变形时间为253.9±4.3 Ma(MSWD=3.3),晚期十间房超单元244.0±3.0 Ma(MSWD=1.9)。岩石地球化学特征表明早期十间房超单元及小房申岩体中部分岩石来源于部分熔融的岩石圈地幔。结合前人研究成果,我们认为华北板块北缘东段(辽北地区)晚二叠世(264.7~253.9 Ma)处于古亚洲洋板块俯冲华北板块作用之下;晚二叠世至早三叠世(253.9~244.0 Ma)构造体制转变为碰撞后伸展且逐渐停止,244.0±3.0 Ma碰撞后伸展逐渐结束;构造体制转变并逐渐结束的过程是壳幔共同作用的结果,暗示了古亚洲洋板块的俯冲板片断离、重力失衡,这标志着辽北地区古亚洲洋构造域演化结束。 相似文献
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Much of the author’s research career has been spent working both on modern oceanic volcanic systems and at the same time looking at their Archaean counterparts. Many authors have attempted to make inferences on early Earth models based on modern processes which can be increasingly well constrained. In this short review it will be shown how we are beginning to understand and quantify inputs to modern subduction systems and some questions are posed as to how these processes may have affected Earth’s evolution in its distant past. 相似文献
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阐述了21世纪第一个十年生物地球化学领域的重要研究进展和未来可能的重点发展方向。在近代陆-海系统碳循环的库和通量上已经取得了重要进展,并发现了一些参与氮、硫循环新的微生物功能群。阐述了显生宙生物大灭绝期间碳循环异常的特点及其可能的原因,但对氮、硫循环的了解比较薄弱。地球早期的碳、硫循环与生命起源、大气和海洋水化学条件的关系已经取得重要认识。生物地球化学过程可以通过生态毒理,以及大气成分和海洋水化学条件的改变影响生命系统。微生物地球化学功能的微区、原位、痕量示踪等技术得到快速发展。未来将加强地质历史时期碳、氮、硫循环的定量分析以及空间变化的研究,各种元素循环之间的相互关系及其界面过程、极端环境的生物地球化学过程将进一步受到重视。生命科学领域重要技术的引入将提升生物地球化学过程的研究。 相似文献
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For the last two decades, Iceland and other oceanic plateaux have been considered as potential analogues for the formation of the early Earth's continental crust. This study examines the compositions of silicic rocks from modern oceanic plateaux, revealing their differences to Archaean continental rock types (trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite or TTG) and thereby emphasising the contrasted mechanisms and/or sources for their respective origins. In most oceanic plateaux, felsic magmas are thought to be formed by fractional crystallization of basalts. In Iceland, the interaction between mantle plume and the Mid‐Atlantic ridge results in an abnormally high geothermal gradient and melting of the hydrated metabasaltic crust. However, despite the current `Archaean‐like' high geothermal gradients, melting takes place at a shallow depth and is unable to reproduce the TTG trace element signature. Consequently, oceanic plateaux are not suitable environments for the genesis of the Archaean continental crust. However, their subduction could account for the episodic crustal growth which has occurred throughout the Earth's history. 相似文献
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早前寒武纪洋壳的地质记录及其板块构造意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
元古宙蛇绿岩的不断发现表明威尔逊旋回至少在早元古代已经明显起作用，部分太古宙绿岩带由不同的构造单元拼合而成，并发育不同于显生宙蛇绿岩的大洋壳岩石组合，地幔柱在早太古代构造演化过程中起重要作用，是板块构造的重要补充机制，地球早期热产量较高，可能是造成板块规模较小，洋壳较厚，板块运动速度较快的原因，并以缓倾角俯冲为特征。 相似文献
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New interpretations of Great Salt Lake ooids and of ancient non-skeletal carbonate mineralogy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
PHILIP A. SANDBERG 《Sedimentology》1975,22(4):497-537
Earlier interpretations of textural alteration affecting Great Salt Lake ooids have greatly influenced concepts of ooid diagenesis. Scanning electron microscope study shows, however, that the coarse radial aragonite rays are depositional, that no recrystallization of pellet cores has occurred, and that Great Salt Lake ooids have not suffered noticeable diagenesis. As suggested by Kahle (1974), radial texture in ancient calcitic ooids is probably mainly original, not diagenetic. Retention of such fine textures has been attributed to organic matter (since found to be equivalent in modern skeletal and non-skeletal grains) or to paramorphic replacement (proposed for non-skeletal grains whose original aragonite mineralogy was only inferred from modern analogs). Pleistocene ooids known to have been aragonite alter like aragonite shells to coarse neomorphic calcite, often with aragonite relics. The striking uniformity of that coarse texture in neomorphic calcite replacing known skeletal aragonites throughout the geologic record has been noted for over 100 years. In contrast, Mississippian ooids retain fine texture as do calcite layers of coexisting gastropods, but unlike the strongly altered aragonite layers of these same gastropods. Therefore, inferences of original aragonitic mineralogy of ancient non-skeletal carbonate grains (including muds) which are now calcite but retain fine texture appear unwarranted, as do assumptions of differential diagenetic behaviour of ancient aragonitic skeletal and non-skeletal grains. Accordingly, modern depositional environments of marine ooids and carbonate muds must be rejected as chemically unrepresentative of comparable ancient environments. It is inferred that ancient non-skeletal carbonates were originally predominantly or exclusively calcite because of an earlier lower oceanic Mg/Ca ratio (<2/1) which altered progressively to values favouring aragonite (modern Mg/Ca value = 5/1). Major influencing factors are: selective removal of calcium by planktonic foraminifers and coccolithophorids since Jurassic-Cretaceous time and by abundant younger, Mg-poor aragonite skeletons and an erratic trend toward decreasing dolomite formation (decreasing removal of oceanic Mg). The change to aragonite dominance over calcite for non-skeletal carbonates was probably during early to middle Cenozoic time. 相似文献
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J.Brendan Murphy Andrew J. Hynes Stephen T. Johnston J.Duncan Keppie 《Tectonophysics》2003,365(1-4):185
Recent geodynamic analyses have emphasized the relationship between modern flat-slab subduction zones and the overriding of buoyant oceanic crust. Although most models for the evolution of the Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic Laramide orogeny in the southwestern United States involve flat-slab subduction, the mechanisms proposed are controversial. An examination of the geological evolution of the 60–50-Ma Crescent terrane of the Coast Ranges indicates that it was formed in a shallowing-upward Loihi-type oceanic setting culminating in the eruption of subaerial lavas. Plate reconstructions indicate that the Crescent terrane was emplaced into ca. 20-Ma crust, and the presence of subaerial lavas implies an uplift due to the plume of ca. 4.2 km, which we use to calculate a minimum buoyancy flux of 1.1 Mg s−1, similar to that of the modern Yellowstone plume.Published paleomagnetic data indicate that the Crescent terrane was formed at a paleolatitude similar to that of the Yellowstone plume. The Crescent seamount was accreted within 5 My of the cessation of plume magmatism. Plate reconstructions indicate that it would have originated about 750 km to the west of the North American plate margin if it developed above a fixed Yellowstone plume, and are therefore consistent with the recorded very short interval between its formation and tectonic emplacement.We interpret the Crescent terrane as due to the ancestral Yellowstone plume. Such a plume would have generated an elongate swell and related plateau that would have been overridden by the North American margin. Taken together, the relationship between flat-slab and overriding of oceanic plateau in Laramide times would have been analogous to the relationship between modern Andean flat-slab subduction zones and the Juan Fernandez and Nazca oceanic plateaus. 相似文献
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Multiple ophiolite generation preserved in the northern Philippines and the growth of an island arc complex 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
John Encarnacin 《Tectonophysics》2004,392(1-4):103
Although all oceanic arcs grow through the addition of subduction-generated magmas, the geology of the northern Philippines demonstrates that a major contribution to arc crustal growth can come from repeated, episodic, intra-arc, back-arc, and/or fore-arc oceanic crust generation with subsequent preservation of the basic–ultrabasic units in the arc complex. At least five episodes of oceanic crust generation are represented in the northern Philippines by preserved ophiolitic sequences and recent intra-arc seafloor spreading. Each episode is distinct in age as confirmed by modern dating techniques, with the ages ranging from pre(?)-Jurassic to Quaternary. Although the Philippines is widely regarded as an amalgamation of allochthonous terranes, a review of the available data shows that there is currently no compelling evidence that these ophiolites are of exotic origin and that they have been tectonically accreted to the Philippine arc complex. Rather, the evidence suggests that most—and possibly all—of the ophiolites were generated as back-arc, fore-arc, or intra-arc crust within the Philippine arc complex. Hence, there is a close spatial association of several ophiolitic terranes of diverse ages spanning 150 Myr that formed as part of the arc complex. Such an association may have arisen from episodic generation of oceanic crust during periods of local extension in a suprasubduction zone setting, which has experienced changing and possibly overlapping subduction from the east and west sides (in the current reference frame). Disruption of the ophiolitic basement terranes has been, and continues to be, effected primarily by wrench faulting. This style of arc growth has implications for the paleotectonic interpretation of ancient ophiolite-arc terranes in continents and the petrologic evolution of island arcs. 相似文献
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WolfgangKUHNT AnnHOLBOURN 《地学前缘》2005,12(2):81-103
白垩纪深水古海洋学研究仍处于早期发展阶段,一方面是由于来自钙质底栖有孔虫的稳定同位素和地球化学数据的缺乏,其原因在于白垩纪高碳酸盐补偿深度;另一方面在于深水有机质胶结有孔虫示踪古海洋还没有充分发展起来。深海环境深水胶结有孔虫的分布主要取决于碳酸盐可利用状况、原始生产的输入通量、深水交换、环境波动(深海洋流、浊流和快速沉积事件)和底层沉积类型,因此对于重建深海环境具有非常巨大的潜力。东、西特提斯Campanian Maastrichtian深水底栖有孔虫组合的统计分析揭示出6个生物相,代表着明显不同的沉积环境。包括:深海红色泥岩与矮小深海生物组合(生物相1);红色深海泥灰岩(“Couches Rouges”相),含钙质胶结有孔虫组合(生物相3);深水远洋灰岩(“Scaglia Rossa”相),含易碎的Rhizammina组合(生物相2);绿色灰色半远洋泥灰岩,含适应高输出通量生物组合(生物相4);半远洋泥岩和粉砂岩,含Aschemocella Nothia 组合(生物相5);陆源浊积层序,含“复理石型”Rhabdammina组合(生物相6)。Campanian Maastrichtian红色氧化深水环境动物组合与现今深海类似,而白垩纪贫氧深海环境胶结组合在现今无法找到相类似物。随着古生态信息的增加和数据库的扩展,深水胶结有孔虫有望成为揭示古海洋条件的重要工具,尤? 相似文献
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S. Yu. Sokolov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2011,437(1):343-348
Calculation of the downward continuation for the anomalous magnetic field at the Knipovich Ridge showed more complicate segmentation
of the spreading oceanic basement than was earlier considered. The structural pattern of the field is evidence that the area
consists of no less than four segments separated by transform fracture zones with the azimuth of oceanic crust accretion about
310° and the normal position relative to the rift segments with the azimuth of 40°. The modern location of the axis of the
Knipovich Ridge straightens the complicate divergent boundary between the plates in the strike-slip conditions between the
spreading centers of the Mohns and Gakkel ridges. The axis is a detachment zone intersecting the oceanic basement having formed
from the Late Oligocene. A new magnetoactive layer composed of magmatic products has not yet been formed in this structure. 相似文献