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1.
基于2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年土地利用现状遥感监测数据,分别采用景观格局指数和当量因子法测度了黄河流域多尺度景观破碎化和土壤保持服务的时空特征,并且综合运用热点分析工具、普通最小二乘法和空间回归分析模型,探索了2000—2015年黄河流域多尺度土壤保持服务时空演变特征及景观破碎化对土壤保持服务的影响机制。结果如下：① 黄河流域土壤保持服务低值区主要集中分布在黄河流域上游青海-甘肃-宁夏-陕西-内蒙古沿线地区以及流域下游河南和山东,另外省会城市以及周边地区同样是土壤保持服务低值区,土壤保持服务具有显著的尺度依赖性;② 研究期间黄河流域土壤保持服务变化的热点区域主要分布在流域上游黄土高原地区,冷点区域主要分布在黄土高原的周边地区,不同尺度下土壤保持服务变化冷热点差异显著;③ 回归结果显示,经济社会因子与土壤保持服务具有显著的负相关;自然本底因子中海拔和林地面积比重与土壤保持服务具有显著的正相关;景观破碎化指数对土壤保持服务的影响差异性显著。未来黄河流域不同分区土壤保持和土地利用政策的制定不仅需要考虑自然本底和经济社会驱动因子,还应考虑多尺度景观格局破碎化以及空间溢出效应,跨区域协同治理对于黄河流域土地利用政策制定和生态系统保护具有重要现实意义。 相似文献
2.
Max Nielsen-Pincus Patricia Sussman Drew E. Bennett Hannah Gosnell Robert Parker 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(12):1423-1441
Sense of place, including an individual’s attitudes toward specific geographic settings, is generally predicted to influence willingness to engage in place-protective behaviors. Relatively little research, however, has empirically examined the influence of people’s attitudes toward a place on their willingness to pay for environmental protection. Using the example of a payment for ecosystem services (PES) initiative in the McKenzie River watershed, Oregon, USA, we found that place attitudes were a significant predictor of respondents’ willingness to pay for a program designed to benefit drinking water quality. These results suggest that connecting conservation actions to landscapes that are meaningful to people may increase their financial support for PES and other conservation programs. While program managers have little or no influence over stakeholders’ political ideology, gender, or income, managers may be able to influence prospective PES buyers’ awareness and attitudes through targeted communications, thereby potentially increasing support for place-based conservation efforts. 相似文献
3.
江苏灌河口湿地景观生态规划:可持续发展的方案 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
灌河是江苏省除长江外唯一的未在入海口建闸的河流,上通盐河、京杭运河和淮河,腹地广大,灌河河口段可满足万吨轮航运条件,有巨大的开发价值。在分析研究灌河口湿地资源、环境与景观生态特征的基础上,利用景观生态学中景观生态规划的方法和原理,提出了建立景观生态保护区,开发河海牧场、生态农业和生态旅游资源,加快中等港口群和临港产业区建设并举的景观生态规划方案,通过灌河口湿地一体化开发、保护和管理的示范作用,带动整个流域的经济与生态环境保护的协调发展。 相似文献
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Despite a general awareness of the social–ecological complexities within which conservation interventions are embedded, approaches to understanding a diversity of local perspectives of heterogeneous landscapes and how they matter for the outcomes of these interventions are seldom demonstrated. We apply a social–ecological approach to exploring the multiple place meanings related to key landscape elements around a proposed community conservation intervention on the Wild Coast, South Africa, by identifying and analyzing three narratives about this impending change. These narratives mobilize competing meanings of the landscape to argue for or against the conservation project. By linking place meanings to locally defined landscape units (ecotopes), we engage multiple interpretations of the heterogeneous and changing landscape to gain a holistic and more inclusive picture of social–ecological landscape processes such as increasing woodlands and field abandonment. The obstruction of this particular intervention indicates the importance of engaging with multiple cultural values of nature. 相似文献
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Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) has been heralded for promoting development by creating employment in rural areas. However, limited scholarly attention has been given to the effects of CBNRM-derived employment on individual women. We use an empowerment lens to evaluate claims that CBNRM benefits communities because it creates formal employment for women. A case study of Kwandu Conservancy, located in Namibia's Caprivi region, generated 49 interviews of a wide range of female conservancy residents. Data were also collected through participant observation, document review, and 20 key informant interviews. Data analysis revealed that employment has a mixed impact on women's choices and their empowerment, bringing both costs and benefits to female employees. Understanding this range of experiences allows us to consider how CBNRM efforts can be structured to enhance employment opportunities more broadly within the social structures of a conservancy while anticipating and mitigating negative effects on women. 相似文献
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This study provides a geographical synthesis of the current natural landscape dynamics of the Canarian laurel forest based on the results of a biogeographic study of its structure, composition, and dynamics. Historical socioeconomic changes and recent environmental conservation strategies have led to natural forest dynamics that make it necessary to change our current scientific conception of the Canarian laurel forest landscape. According to the forest transition theory, in the protected areas of Anaga and Teno Rural Parks (Tenerife) and Garajonay National Park (La Gomera), the forest reaction to the gradual abandonment of economic activity reveals how strongly human activity has shaped the features of the laurel forest, which traditionally has been considered to be relatively untouched by humankind. How natural disturbances have affected this forest over the past few years has also contributed to a better understanding of its dynamics. This study explains the key patterns of spontaneous dynamics in the Canarian laurel forest to enrich our understanding of this forest and its landscape, while highlighting the importance of human activity as the catalyst for its current vigorous dynamics. 相似文献
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基于非表征理论和启动效应范式实验方法,以广东省江门市启明里的地方品牌为例,通过对比居民与非居民内隐感知差异、本地居民外显和内隐感知的差异,分析人们内隐感知对于地方品牌建构的影响。研究发现：1）受到日常生活经验的影响,本地居民与非本地居民对启明里的品牌个性的内隐感知存在差异,二者对启明里的品牌个性建构起不同的意义,本地居民将日常生活的记忆和体验融入其中,而非本地居民仅将其视为城市更新的工程;2）本地居民对启明里地方品牌外显和内隐感知的差异表明启明里地方品牌对于本地居民而言只是一种“快餐式”的消费和自我表达的工具,缺乏情感、价值观念层面的认同;3）地方品牌化不能只关注符号性景观构建,而需要重视本地居民日常生活中内隐的、非表征的空间邂逅的作用,这有助于为地方品牌注入可持续的价值提升动力,增进本地居民对品牌的认同和自信。 相似文献
8.
Landscape position and spatial patterns in the distribution of land use within the southern Appalachian Mountains 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Understanding the forces that influence the distribution of land use and land-use change (LUC) is an essential step in developing effective strategies for managing these issues. We examined the influence of landscape position on spatial patterns in land-use distribution within the Little Tennessee River Basin (LTRB) of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We show that landscape position, defined with respect to both natural and anthropogenic spatial variables, provides for the identification of statistically significant differences in the distribution of common forms of land use in the study region. Using the same variables, significant differences in the landscape positions subject to land-use change in the LTRB are also examined. These results suggest landscape position exerts a strong influence on the distribution of different forms of land use and the likeliness of given area undergoing LUC. The approach presented here, of considering land use as a function of landscape position that responds to both natural and anthropogenic forces, may prove useful in aiding the development of future strategies to address the consequences of land use in many regions. 相似文献
9.
文化地理学作为人文地理学的重要分支, 是学者们广泛关注的热点, 但鲜有研究涉及居民对文化景观的感知和认同问题。本文选取了中国传统文化代表--书法景观为研究切入点, 根据地方感理论构建了假设模型, 提出了17 个假设影响路径。根据遵义会议会址景区及周围红色旅游商业街中书法景观的居民感知调查数据, 构建了居民书法景观感知的结构方程模型。分析结果验证了居民感知态度与文化认同的递进性, 拒绝了部分研究假设。同时, 在书法景观功能感知的5 个维度:经济获益、环境审美、场所识别、景观原真性和行为导向中, 经济获益和景观原真性是居民文化认同的决定性因素。研究结果体现了原真性元素在城市文化景观中的核心地位, 验证文化景观对城市经济建设不可或缺的推动作用, 对城市文化景观保护和规划管理具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。 相似文献
10.
景观研究是地理分析的关键单元。以往景观研究往往囿于物质景观的一面,忽视了观念景观的存在。本文以“珠江夜游——后珠三角景观”艺术展为案例,采用德国符号学家弗里克的“拟态理论”和焦点小组访谈法对其展开图像和内容分析,重新审视后城市化时代中观念景观所折射出来的乡愁与地方批判。研究发现,景观是研究人地关系议题的文化图像工具;观念景观是对物质景观的拟态,是基于真实世界之上的景观;“珠江夜游”艺术展通过大量的符号和观念景观的呈现,展现了后城市化时代珠三角地区民众独特的地方感知和地方记忆,也从直观和批判的视角展现了快速变化的社会现实下城市居民和城市之间的人地关系——城市本土居民表现出一种“不离地的乡愁”,并对人地关系失调的环境进行反思。研究对城市观念景观的图像和叙事分析是对传统文化地理学物质景观分析的有效补充,有利于从人的主体视角更深入地理解城市发展及其影响。 相似文献
11.
河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局演变 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
利用1987年和2002年的遥感影像,借助于地理信息系统技术,结合河南黄河沿岸的区域特征,运用景观生态学的基本理论,分析河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局的演变,用于了解在自然过程和人类活动共同作用下的河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局的演变过程及影响机理。结果表明,在研究区域内,水浇地景观类型为占优势的景观类型。1987~2002年景观格局动态变化显著：河流景观、水浇地景观、林地景观和滩地景观类型的面积呈减小趋势,坑塘景观、稻田景观、旱地景观和建设用地景观类型面积则呈增加趋势。景观斑块总数量呈现出略微减少的趋势。景观空间特征表现为景观多样性增加,各景观类型所占比例差异减小。破碎化指数减小,景观整体破碎化程度有所减缓。景观空间构型明显,基本上是以大斑块为主,呈聚集型分布。特别是占优势的景观类型,斑块更加集中连片。自然过程特别是人类活动对河南黄河沿岸地区景观格局的变化有深刻的影响。 相似文献
12.
Maintaining forest landscape connectivity is one of the most effective ways to alleviate natural forest fragmentation and biodiversity loss problems. Recently, graph theory based metrics have been used as powerful tools in the assessment of landscape connectivity. However, the functional features of landscape units at different structure levels, based on which outcomes can be enriched and advice can be given for practical applications, have been overlooked. In this study, a series of graph-based connectivity indices was calculated to 1) evaluate the optimal threshold distance, 2) identify the key landscape units at the component and patch levels, and 3) classify the functional types of components and patches and analyze functional patterns at different structural levels. The relationship between patch size and patch functional performance in maintaining landscape connectivity was discussed. With a natural forest area in Minqing County of China as the study area, recommendations regarding forest conservation and connectivity enhancement were provided based on the research conclusions. This study provides a way to comprehensively analyze habitat fragmentation and functional patterns for local forest conservation. 相似文献
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我国湿地景观研究现状、存在的问题与发展方向 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
湿地景观研究是近十余年来新兴的热点领域,极大地推进了湿地学科发展.但是,由于湿地景观研究体现的是湿地与景观方法有机结合,其在发展过程中还存在许多问题.本文在对我国湿地景观研究现状系统分析基础上,重点阐明了湿地景观概念、分类、遥感信息提取精度、多源数据可比性、结构与格局研究方法、景观过程与功能研究内容与尺度等制约湿地景观研究的主要问题.并指出了未来发展方向:(1)重视湿地景观分类研究;(2)重视湿地景观破碎化研究;(3)重视发展基于过程和功能的景观格局研究方法;(4)重视多尺度湿地生物多样性研究;(5)重视湿地景观管理研究. 相似文献
14.
陕北黄土高原景观生态环境遥感评价试验研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选择陕北黄土高原典型地段中神木,府谷县和韩城市进行景观生态环境遥感评价模型试验研究,利用遥感影像与实地考察资料相结合对生态功能定量结合综合分析,研究景观内部功能与结构,标志与评价模型,确定了各单环境质量,为典型地段分区治理和开发利用与环境监测提供依据。 相似文献
15.
从系统论的角度看沙漠化与可持续发展问题 总被引：21，自引：8，他引：13
从系统论的角度,采用系统研究方法对沙漠化的成因及其发展过程加以剖析,认为只有通过发展社会经济和生产力,使人类在合理的社会制度、经济政策和先进的生产方式指导下,发挥主观能动性,协调干旱区的人地关系,优化人地系统诸要素间的结构,保持系统的稳定性,才是解决干旱区沙漠化,实现区域可持续发展的关键之所在。 相似文献
16.
Rebecca Caroline Lammas 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1997,17(1):40-51
Landscape art provides a window on the world of subjective interpretation and shared perceptions of place. Portraits of places are therefore simultaneously portraits of a society, its preferences and prejudices, and the meaning it imparts to the world. In the nineteenth century, settlers in Africa felt alienated, uncomfortable, abandoned and detached, and their landscape art—both paintings and poetry—was testimony to their emotional and psychological responses to the foreign environment. Both the imported artistic techniques for portraying nat?re and the symbols populating the landscape images revealed the temperament of the pioneers’ attitudes to place. 相似文献
17.
The Yellow River Basin(YRB) occupies an important position in China’s socioeconomic development and ecological conservation efforts. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of the relationships among multiple ecosystem services(ESs) and their drivers is crucial for regional sustainable development and human-earth system coordination. This study simulated food production(FP), water yield(WY), net primary production(NPP), soil conservation(SC), and habitat quality(HQ) in the YRB from 2000... 相似文献
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研究了在不同形式人类经济活动下的森林景观变化与西双版纳地区鸟类多样性的关系．同时对发展生产时的用地布局和维护森林景观的动态发展与提高人们生活质量和持续发展的关系进行了讨论． 相似文献
20.
Thomas Oles 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2016,116(1):24-32
This paper explores the role of so-called wine trails as planners and managers of viticultural landscapes, using the case of the Finger Lakes region in New York, USA. Using key informant interviews, it assesses the current capacity and the future potential of these non-governmental, fee-based ‘clubs’ to mediate between global markets and the local agricultural landscape in the absence of policy frameworks designed for this purpose. Though it finds little evidence of such mediation today, the paper argues that the structure and institutional position of wine trails, organizations whose members’ livelihoods depend substantially on long-term landscape coherence, position them to play a more assertive role in doing so in the future, particularly in places marked by lax planning regimes and scarce resources. 相似文献