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1.
The effect of the Coriolis force on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability has been investigated, in which basic velocities of fluid are varying slowly with lateral coordinatey. The problem is solved by J.W.K.B. approximation method. Parabolic and other types of profiles for wide long channel flow have also been studied in detail.  相似文献   

2.
The stability characteristics of a Helmholtz velocity profile in a stratified Boussinesq fluid in the presence of a rigid boundary is studied. A jump in the magnetic field is introduced at a level different from the velocity discontinuity. New unstable modes in addition to the Kelvin-Helmholtz mode are found. The wavelengths of these unstable modes are close to the wavelengths of internal Alfvén gravity waves in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

3.
Nonlinear analysis for Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of an incompressible, inviscid, rotating fluid with infinite conductivity in the presence of gravity and surface tension has been discussed. The unperturbed magnetic field on two sides of the interface is taken to be uniform. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the time variation of amplitude of small perturbations with wave number around the neutral stability is derived. It is found that stability of a magnetised K-H rotating configuration depends on the density ratio, surface tension, and discontinuity of velocity and magnetic field. The effect of an aligned magnetic field and rotation on the non-linear instability of a rotating conducting plasma has been discussed in certain important limiting cases.  相似文献   

4.
We examine the non-radial modes of oscillation, belonging to spherical harmonics of ordersl=1 andl=3, of a gaseous polytrope with a toroidal magnetic field. We find that a toroidal magnetic field increases the growth rate of convective instability for deformations belonging to the spherical harmonicl=1 whereas it decreases the growth rate of convective instability for deformations belonging to the harmonicsl=2 andl=3. The frequencies of the ‘acoustic’ mode and the ‘Kelvin’ mode are decreased by the presence of the toroidal magnetic field.  相似文献   

5.
The oscillations of a gaseous polytrope with a magnetic field having both a toroidal and a poloidal component are examined using the second-order tensor virial equations on the assumption that the magnetic energy is small compared with the gravitational energy. The frequencies of oscillation of the transverse shear, the toroidal and the coupled pulsation modes are tabulated for polytropic indicesn=1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 3.5. It is found that the magnetic field decreases the frequency of oscillation of (i) the transverse shear mode and (ii) the mode which starts as a radial pulsation in the absence of a magnetic field while it increases the frequency of oscillation of (i) the toroidal mode and (ii) the Kelvin mode. In all cases the shift in frequency decreases with increasingn.  相似文献   

6.
Third order virial equations have been used to investigate the oscillations and the stability of the sequence of differentially rotating, compressible Maclaurin spheroids in the presence of toroidal magnetic fields. It is shown that the neutral point occurring at eccentricitye=0.731 13, which is the analogue of the first point of bifurcation along the Dedekind sequence, remains unaffected by the presence of differential rotation or a toroidal magnetic field. The point of onset of dynamical instability corresponding to the third harmonic deformations does, however, depend upon the magnetic field. It is shifted to values higher thane=0.966 96, the value that obtains in the case of uniform rotation; and a sufficiently large magnetic field can suppress this point. Complete frequency spectra (‘Kelvin’ modes belonging to the harmonicsl=3 and compressible modes belonging tol=1) are obtained in two cases of interest: when the equilibrium state is one of equipartition, and when toroidal magnetic and velocity fields (vanishing at the surface) are present in a configuration rotating with a constant angular velocity.  相似文献   

7.
In this paper, the presence of Faraday rotation in measurements of the orientation of a sunspot's transverse magnetic field is investigated. Using observations obtained with the Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC) vector magnetograph, the derived vector magnetic field of a simple, symmetric sunspot is used to calculate the degree of Faraday rotation in the azimuth of the transverse field as a function of wavelength from analytical expressions for the Stokes parameters. These results are then compared with the observed rotation of the field's azimuth which is derived from observations at different wavelengths within the Fei 5250 Å spectral line. From these comparisons, we find: the observed rotation of the azimuth is simulated to a reasonable degree by the theoretical formulations if the line-formation parameter η o is varied over the sunspot; these variations in η o are substantiated by the line-intensity data; for the MSFC system, Faraday rotation can be neglected for field strengths less than 1800 G and field inclinations greater than 45°; to minimize the effects of Faraday rotation in sunspot umbrae, MSFC magnetograph measurements must be made in the far wings of the Zeeman-sensitive spectral line.  相似文献   

8.
Mid-infrared extinction coefficients of five natural amorphous silicates and seven synthetic glasses were measured. Three bands at about 10, 12, and 20 μm were seen for all the measured samples. The quantities of these bands are found to have good correlations with the SiO2 content of the samples. The correlations are the most remarkable for the 10 μm band. As the SiO2 content decreases, the peak wavelengthλ m shifts to longer side, the peak heightK m decreases and the full width of half maximumW increases. A quantityλ m K m W is constant within 15%. Empirical formula $$\lambda_m (\mu m) = {11.10-2.30 x 10^-2} {[SiO_2 wt.\%]} \pm 0.15$$ and $$W(\mu m) = {5.14-4.68 x 10^- 2} {[SiO_2 wt.\%]} \pm 0.30$$ are obtained for the measured samples. Therefore, the correlation is present between the 10 μm peak wavelengthλ m and peak widthW for amorphous silicates. The change in peak widthW is remarkable compared the change in peak wavelengthλ m as the SiO2 content varies. For the 12 μm band the correlations with the SiO2 content are not so good. A tendency that theλ m shifts to the red and theK m lowers as the decreasing SiO2 content are found. For the samples with SiO2 content less than 50% the 12 μm band cannot recognized as the peak. For the 20 μm band, theλ m is almost independent on SiO2 content and theK m lowers with decreasing SiO2 content. The results are compared with the observed 10 μm band of the astronomical objects. A method to estimate the SiO2 content of astronomical grain materials is proposed and 48±8% SiO2 wt.% is found corresponding to the peak wavelength of 9.7 μm and the peak width of 2.5–3.0 μm of typical celestial objects.  相似文献   

9.
The solution of the partial differential equation describing the ‘non-isentropic’ oscillations of a star in thermal imbalance has been obtained in terms of asymptotic expansions up to the first order in the parameterII/t s, whereII is the adiabatic pulsation period for the fundamental mode andt s , a secular time scale of the order of the Kelvin-Helmholtz time. Use has been made of the zeroth order ‘isentopic’ solution derived in I. The solution obtained allows one to derive unambiguously a general integral expression for the coefficient of vibrational stability for arbitrary stellar models in thermal imbalance. The physical interpretation of this stability coefficient is discussed and its generality and its simplicity are stressed. Application to some simple analytic stellar models in homologous and nonhomologous contraction enables one to recover, in a more straightforward manner, results obtained by Coxet al. (1973). Aizenman and Cox (1974) and Davey (1974). Finally, we emphasize that the inclusion of the effects of thermal imbalance in the stability calculations of realistic evolutionary sequences of stellar models, not considered up to now by the other authors, is quite easy and straightforward with the simple formula derived here.  相似文献   

10.
It is shown that the mean value for the heat flow of a gravitationally-differentiated Moon of fission origin is about 13 erg cm?2 s?1 and that the heat flow varies regionally from about 3 erg cm?2s?1 to more than 45 erg cm?2s?1. These regional variations in the heat flow are caused by a non-uniform distribution of K, U and Th in the KREEP zone at the crust-upper mantle boundary and the redistribution of crustal materials and K, U and Th rich KREEP materials by basin-forming impacts. The scale of these regional variations is hundreds of km. The models presented are in accord with the Apollo 15 and 17 heat flow measurements.  相似文献   

11.
The observations of VV Ori inUBV and inuvby obtained by Chambliss in 1975–79 have been re-analyzed with the use of an updated version of the WINK program of Wood. Several solutions were obtained using the normal points (ca. 80 per light curve). These establish fairly reliable values for the linear limb-darkening coefficient of VV Ori A and approximate values for the luminosity of the third component of this system. Attempts to determine non-linear coefficients of limb darkening for the primary component, however, proved to be unsuccessful. Solutions were also obtained using all observations (ca. 620 per light curve). Very close agreement was found between the values of the geometric elements determined from these solutions and those determined by use of the normal points only. The solutions based on all observations produced reliable values foru 1, the limb darkening coefficient of VV Ori A, (typically, 0.30±-0.04). These results are in good agreement with theoretical limb darkening coefficients derived from model atmospheres calculations. The contribution of VV Ori C to the light of the system was also ascertained, and it was found that this could be best interpreted, if this component has a spectral type of A3V. The other orbital elements of VV Ori were also discussed, and the differences between the various solutions were noted. Since VV Ori A is one of the very few early-type stars for which reliable limb-darkening coefficients can be empirically determined, this system is viewed as being of considerable importance.  相似文献   

12.
Pioneer VI was launched into a circumsolar orbit on December 16, 1965, and was occulted by the sun in the latter half of November, 1968. During the occultation period, the 2292-MHz S-band telemetry carrier underwent Faraday rotation due to the interaction of this signal with the plasma and magnetic field in the solar corona. The NASA/JPL 210-ft diameter antenna of the Deep Space Network near Barstow, California, was used for the measurement. The antenna feed was modified for automatic polarization tracking for this experiment. The measurement results are interpreted with a theoretical model of the solar corona. This model consists of a modified Allen-Baumbach electron density and a coronal magnetic field calculated both from Mount Wilson magnetograph observations using a source surface model and field extrapolations from the Explorer 33 satellite magnetometer. The observations and the calculated rotation show general agreement with respect to magnitude, sense, and timing, suggesting the source-surface model and field extrapolations from 1 AU are a valid technique to obtain the magnetic field in the corona from 4 to 12 solar radii. Variations present can easily be ascribed to density enhancements known to be present in the corona. Longitudinal variations of the density in the corona cannot be obtained from coronagraph observations, and thus a purely radial variation was assumed. An improved fit to the Faraday rotation data is obtained with an equatorial electron density $$N = 10^8 \left( {\frac{{6000}}{{R^{10} }} + \frac{{0.002}}{{R^2 }}} \right)...{\text{ cm}}^{{\text{ - 3}}} {\text{ (4 < }}R < 12){\text{ }}...$$ where R is in solar radii. The work of W. V. T. Rusch and J. E. Ohlson was supported in part by research sponsored by the Joint Services Electronics Program through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AF-AFOSR 69-1622A at the University of Southern California. The work done by K. H. Schatten was in part supported by the National Academy of Science on a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. The work of J. M. Wilcox was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr 3656(26), by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NGR 05-003-230, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant GA-1319 at the University of California at Berkeley.  相似文献   

13.
This paper describes the detailed calibration at soft X-ray energies (0.1–2.0 keV; 125 Å-6 Å) of gold coated, paraboloidal X-ray mirrors, four of which were subsequently flow on the Ariel-6 satellite. Uncertainties in the attitude of the satellite together with an apparent reduction in sensitivity of the soft X-ray experiment necessitated observations using the Crab Nebula as a reference. These showed that a dramatic reduction in the reflection efficiencies of all four mirrors had occurred, almost certainly after or during launch. An initial recalibration of the mirrors using the Crab observation is described.  相似文献   

14.
In the set of small satellites of Saturn recently imaged by the Voyager probes, we can observe the transition from irregularly-shaped, strength-dominated objects to larger, gravity-dominated bodies with shapes roughly fitting the theoretical equilibrium figures. The transition occurs for a radius of 100±50 km, corresponding to a typical material strength of the order of 107 dynes cm?2. We discuss briefly the cases of Mimas, Enceladus, Hyperion, Phoebe and the small coorbital and F-ring shepherding moons, showing that an analysis of the shape data can often provide interesting results on the physical properties, origin and collisional history of these objects.  相似文献   

15.
The search for the still unrevealed spectral shape of the mysterious THz solar flare emissions is one of the current most challenging research issues. The concept, fabrication and performance of a double THz photometer system, named SOLAR-T, is presented. Its innovative optical setup allows observations of the full solar disk and the detection of small burst transients at the same time. The detecting system was constructed to observe solar flare THz emissions on board of stratospheric balloons. The system has been integrated to data acquisition and telemetry modules for this application. SOLAR-T uses two Golay cell detectors preceded by low-pass filters made of rough surface primary mirrors and membranes, 3 and 7 THz band-pass filters, and choppers. Its photometers can detect small solar bursts (tens of solar flux units) with sub second time resolution. Tests have been conducted to confirm the entire system performance, on ambient and low pressure and temperature conditions. An artificial Sun setup was developed to simulate performance on actual observations. The experiment is planned to be on board of two long-duration stratospheric balloon flights over Antarctica and Russia in 2014–2016.  相似文献   

16.
Polar coronal holes (PCHs) trace the magnetic variability of the Sun throughout the solar cycle. Their size and evolution have been studied as proxies for the global magnetic field. We present measurements of the PCH areas from 1996 through 2010, derived from an updated perimeter-tracing method and two synoptic-map methods. The perimeter-tracing method detects PCH boundaries along the solar limb, using full-disk images from the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory/Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SOHO/EIT). One synoptic-map method uses the line-of-sight magnetic field from the SOHO/Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) to determine the unipolarity boundaries near the poles. The other method applies thresholding techniques to synoptic maps created from EUV image data from EIT. The results from all three methods suggest that the solar maxima and minima of the two hemispheres are out of phase. The maximum PCH area, averaged over the methods in each hemisphere, is approximately 6 % during both solar minima spanned by the data (between Solar Cycles 22/23 and 23/24). The northern PCH area began a declining trend in 2010, suggesting a downturn toward the maximum of Solar Cycle 24 in that hemisphere, while the southern hole remained large throughout 2010.  相似文献   

17.
We present analyses of new optical photometric observations of three W UMa-type contact binaries FZ Ori, V407 Peg and LP UMa. Results from the first polarimetric observations of the FZ Ori and V407 Peg are also presented. The periods of FZ Ori, V407 Peg and LP UMa are derived to be 0.399986, 0.636884 and 0.309898 d, respectively. The O?C analyses indicate that the orbital periods of FZ Ori and LP UMa have increased with the rate of 2.28×10?8 and 1.25×10?6 d?yr?1, respectively and which is explained by transfer of mass between the components. In addition to the secularly increasing rate of orbital period, it was found that the period of FZ Ori has varied in sinusoidal way with oscillation period of ～30.1 yr. The period of oscillations are most likely to be explained by the light-time effect due to the presence of a tertiary companion. Small asymmetries have been seen around the primary and secondary maxima of light curves of all three systems, which is probably due to the presence of cool/hot spots on the components. The light curves of all three systems are analysed by using Wilson-Devinney code (WD) and the fundamental parameters of these systems have been derived. The present analyses show that FZ Ori is a W-subtype, and V407 Peg and LP UMa are A-subtype of the W UMa-type contact binary systems. The polarimetric observations in B, V, R and I bands, yield average values of polarization to be 0.26±0.03, 0.22±0.02, 0.22±0.03 and 0.22±0.05 per cent for FZ Ori and 0.21±0.02, 0.29±0.03, 0.31±0.01 and 0.31±0.04 per cent for V407 Peg, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
The amplitude of the 11-year cycle measured in the cosmogenic isotope 10Be during the Maunder Minimum is comparable to that during the recent epoch of high solar activity. Because of the virtual absence of the cyclic variability of sunspot activity during the Maunder Minimum this seemingly contradicts an intuitive expectation that lower activity would result in smaller solar-cycle variations in cosmogenic radio-isotope data, or in none, leading to confusing and misleading conclusions. It is shown here that large 11-year solar cycles in cosmogenic data observed during periods of suppressed sunspot activity do not necessarily imply strong heliospheric fields. Normal-amplitude cycles in the cosmogenic radio-isotopes observed during the Maunder Minimum are consistent with theoretical expectations because of the nonlinear relation between solar activity and isotope production. Thus, cosmogenic-isotope data provide a good tool to study solar-cycle variability even during grand minima of solar activity.  相似文献   

19.
L. Mollwo 《Solar physics》1983,83(2):305-320
The earlier interpretation of the Zebra patterns by the concept of double resonance is examined for a realistic magneto-hydrostatic model of a coronal condensation over a bipolar spot group. It appears that the frequency drift of the Zebra stripes over a longer time can scarcely be explained by a change of state of the plasma as done till now. The proposed modified mechanism is based on a helical beam of electrons forming fronts that excite radiation at places of double resonance. Considering the field and density configuration conditions are found which produce drifting Zebra stripes. Structures of longer duration and absorptions arise from more or less overlapping stripe segments, which are excited by the fronts following one another in a beam of sufficient great length. The second stripe system of other drift direction found by Slottje (1972a) arises from lateral splitting of the beam.  相似文献   

20.
It was recognized over a year ago that a requirement to improve the ephemerides of the natural satellites existed and that it might be satisfied by a coordinated effort. Both the national ephemeris offices, which publish the satellite ephemerides, and NASA, which plans to send spacecraft to observe the satellites, require improved ephemerides of the natural satellites, but individually none of the organizations has the personnel or finances to undertake the task alone. At that time a few people and institutions had become interested in or were beginning to work on the theories and to make observations of the satellites. It was apparent that if the efforts of the various people and institutions were coordinated and others were encouraged to contribute, it might be possible in the next five years to satisfy the requirement for improved ephemerides. The coordinated effort includes personnel from the University of Texas, Smithsonian Astrophysical Center, University of Cincinnati, Bureau des Longitudes, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of Virginia, Vanderbilt University, Lowell Observatory, NASA Headquarters, and the U.S. Naval Observatory, with the latter institution serving as the coordinator.  相似文献   

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