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1.
1981-2001年珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区植被变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the NOAA AVHRR-NDVI data from 1981 to 2001, the digitalized China Vegetation Map （1：1,000,000）, DEM, temperature and precipitation data, and field investigation, the spatial patterns and vertical characteristics of natural vegetation changes and their influencing factors in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve have been studied. The results show that： （1） There is remarkable spatial difference of natural vegetation changes in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve and stability is the most common status. There are 5.04% of the whole area being seriously degraded, 13.19% slightly degraded, 26.39% slightly improved, 0.97% significantly improved and 54.41% keeping stable. The seriously and slightly degraded areas, which mostly lie in the south of the reserve, are along the national boundaries. The areas of improved vegetation lie in the north of the reserve and the south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The stable areas lie between the improved and degraded areas. Degradation decreases with elevation. （2） Degeneration in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve mostly affects shrubs, needle-leaved forests and mixed forests. （3） The temperature change affects the natural vegetation changes spatially while the integration of temperature changes, slopes and aspects affects the natural vegetation change along the altitude gradients. （4） It is the overuse of resources that leads to the vegetation degeneration in some parts of the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve. 相似文献
2.
珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区植被变化分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
利用1981～2001 年美国NASA Pathfinder NOAA/NDVI 数据, 以1∶100 万植被图为基础, 结 合气温降水资料、DEM数据和2000 年人口空间化数据, 研究了珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区植被变化 空间格局和海拔梯度特征及其影响因素。结果表明: ①1981～2001 年珠峰自然保护区植被变化以 稳定为主, 有5.09%的区域发生严重退化, 13.34%的区域发生退化, 54.31%的区域保持稳定, 26.31%的区域变好以及0.95%的区域植被显著变好。退化和严重退化区域主要分布在保护区南 部, 国境沿线; 植被变好地区集中分布在保护区北部, 雅鲁藏布江南岸。稳定区域位于退化区域和 变好区域之间。植被退化区域主要分布在海拔2400m ~ 4000m 带上。②针叶林、针阔混交林和灌 丛构成了区域植被退化的主体。③从空间上看, 主要是气温变化对植被变化有影响。在海拔梯度 上, 气温变化和坡度共同影响植被变化。④在珠峰自然保护区内, 人类不合理的资源利用方式造 成了部分地区的植被退化。 相似文献
3.
珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区湿地分布研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用2000～2009年覆盖珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区的MOD09A1和MOD13Q1数据集的相关数据,该保护区1：5万DEM,并结合2008年9月采集的野外湿地数据,进行了基于增强型植被指数（EVI）、改进型调整植被指数（MSAVI）、地表水分指数（LSWI）、海拔和坡度5个参数的保护区湿地分布特征研究。结果表明,珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区的湿地类型主要为河流、湖泊、沼泽和沼泽化草甸;湿地主要分布在海拔4100～4700m且坡度≤4°的佩枯错、浪强错、多布扎等湖泊密集的高原湖盆地区、佩枯错与浪强错之间的平原地带和保护区中部及北部坡度较缓的河谷地区,大部分湿地分布在保护区的实验区内;2000～2008年保护区湿地以季相变化为主,6～9月（湿季）湿地面积约占保护区总面积的11．2％;6～9月湿地面积年际变化幅度小于保护区总面积的0．1％;坡度和海拔是影响保护区湿地空间分布的关键因素和提取该地区湿地空间分布范围的有效参数。 相似文献
4.
长白山自然保护区旅游资源开发的生态环境影响及其保护 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
长白山自然保护区属世界自然保留地之一的国家级森林和野生动物类型自然保护区。它以其自然资源绚丽,生物种源丰富,生态系统完整享誉全世界。曾以独特的“天然”“原始”状态,成为环境背景研究监测的理想场所,旅游资源开发带来明显的经济效益,同时也造成保护区的环境污染和生态破坏,保护区内开展旅游必须遵循适度开必,合理保护的原则,强调生态旅游,妥善处理保护与开发的关系,应尽快制定自然保护区环境规划,进行有效环境综 相似文献
5.
Vertical differentiation of land cover in the central Himalayas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Characterized by obvious altitudinal variation, habitat complexity, and diversity in land cover, the Mt. Qomolangma region within the central Himalayas is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world. At the same time, because the Mt. Qomolangma region possesses the most complete natural vertical spectrum in the world, it is also an ideal place to study the vertical structure of alpine land cover. In this study, land cover data for 2010 along with digital elevation model data were used to define three methods for dividing the northern and southern slopes in the Mt. Qomolangma region, i.e., the ridgeline method, the sample transect method, and the sector method. The altitudinal distributions of different land cover types were then investigated for both the northern and southern slopes of the Mt. Qomolangma region by using the above three division methods along with Arc GIS and MATLAB tools. The results indicate that the land cover in the study region was characterized by obviously vertical zonation with the south-six and north-four pattern of vertical spectrum that reflected both the natural vertical structure of vegetation and the effects of human activities. From low to high elevation, the main land cover types were forests, grasslands, sparse vegetation, bare land, and glacier/snow cover. The compositions and distributions of land cover types differed significantly between the northern and southern slopes; the southern slope exhibited more complex land cover distributions with wider elevation ranges than the northern slope. The area proportion of each land cover type also varied with elevation. Accordingly, the vertical distribution patterns of different land cover types on the southern and northern slopes could be divided into four categories, with glaciers/snow cover, sparse vegetation, and grasslands conforming to unimodal distributions. The distribution of bare land followed a unimodal pattern on the southern slope but a bimodal pattern on the northern slope. Finally, the use of different slope division methods produced similar vertical belt structures on the southern slope but different ones on the northern slope. Among the three division methods, the sector method was better to reflect the natural distribution pattern of land cover. 相似文献
6.
2000-2011 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
基于MODIS-NDVI 数据,辅以线性趋势分析、Hurst 指数及偏相关系数等方法,本文从三个尺度分析了近12 年三江源区植被覆盖时空变化特征、未来趋势及其驱动因素。结果表明:(1) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈现增加趋势,增速为1.2%/10a,其中长江源区、黄河源区植被均呈增加趋势,而澜沧江源区植被呈下降趋势。(2) 三江源区植被覆盖具有显著的区域差异,且NDVI频度呈现“双峰”结构。(3) 近12 年三江源区植被覆盖呈增加趋势和减少趋势的面积分别占64.06%和35.94%,且表现为源区北部增加、南部减少的空间格局。(4) 三江源区植被变化的反向特征显著,植被变化由改善趋势转为退化趋势的区域主要分布在长江源区和黄河源区的北部,而由退化趋势转为改善趋势的区域主要分布在澜沧江源区。(5) 三江源区植被对降水和潜在蒸散的响应存在时滞现象,而对气温的响应不存在时滞现象。(6) 三江源区植被覆盖的增加主要归因于气候暖湿化以及生态保护工程的实施。 相似文献
7.
2010年5月,在北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区选择废弃鱼塘、耕作苜蓿(Medicago)地、撂荒苜蓿地、天然退化湿地和天然湿地作为实验地,其中,天然湿地作为对照。通过土壤种子库萌发实验,对实验地土壤种子库的基本特征以及与地上植被的关系进行了对比研究。结果表明,5种实验地的土壤种子库共有60种植物,隶属于23科46属。其中,萌发物种最多的是菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Poaceae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae),分别为11种、10种和8种。废弃鱼塘、耕作苜蓿地、撂荒苜蓿地和天然退化湿地种子平均密度为6 885粒/m~2,天然湿地种子的平均密度为16 083粒/m~2,5种实验地的种子库密度差异极显著(n=300,F=4.828,p=0.001<0.05);各实验地的种子库垂直分布有一致的规律性,各实验地0～6 cm土层的种子库密度明显高于6～12 cm土层;各实验地的土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性系数都不高,土壤种子库物种组成的稳定性要高于地上植被。通过研究发现,退化湿地的土壤种子库中有大量的植物种子储藏和湿地植物的种子,这为野鸭湖退化湿地恢复提供了重要的保障,这些潜在的植物种子在野鸭湖退化湿地生态输水过程中会起到应有的恢复作用。建议野鸭湖湿地自然保护区管理部门继续加强退化湿地区域的土壤种子库保护工作,必须重视水环境的恢复、各种人为干扰的消除以及系统保护的加强。 相似文献
8.
LIU Xianfeng ZHANG Jinshui ZHU Xiufang PAN Yaozhong LIU Yanxu ZHANG Donghai LIN Zhihui 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(2):288-302
The Three-River Headwaters Region （TRHR）, which is the source area of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River, is of key importance to the ecological secu- rity of China. Because of climate changes and human activities, ecological degradation oc- curred in this region. Therefore, ＂The nature reserve of Three-River Sou,＇ce Regions＂ was established, and ＂The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve＂ was implemented by the Chinese government. This study, based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data, aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011, from three dimensions. Linear regression, Hurst index analysis, and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following： （1） In the past 12 years （2000-2011）, the NDVI of the study area increased, with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a, of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend, while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. （2） Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR, and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. （3） The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 64.06% and 35.94%, respectively during the study period, and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. （4） The reverse characteristics of vegetation cov- erage change are significant. In the future, degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River, while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. （5） The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag, while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. （6） The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project. 相似文献
9.
流域土地利用/覆被变化对洪河保护区湿地景观的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
从流域尺度, 应用遥感和GIS 技术对1954 年以来6 个时段土地利用/ 覆被变化进行分析, 并采用景观生态学方法对洪河保护区及其所在浓江河流域湿地景观多样性和景观连通度进行计算, 系统研究了流域土地利用变化对保护区湿地景观的影响。结果显示: ① 浓江河流域大规模土地利用发生在20 世纪80 年代之后, 年均耕地面积增长速度为101 km2/a; ② 土地利用/ 覆被变化直接导致流域湿地景观多样性降低, 同时也间接影响了洪河保护区湿地景观多样性; ③ 流域土地利用变化带来的景观连通度降低严重割断了景观之间原有的物质交换和功能维持关系, 是导致保护区湿地景观结构和功能改变的主要因素之一; ④ 恢复保护区周围一定面积的湿地, 维持良好的景观连通度是实现保护区自然保护效益的方法之一。 相似文献
10.
Global climate change has profound influence on natural ecosystem and socioeconomic system and is a focus which governments, scientific societies as well as common people of various countries have paid much attention to. Observations indicate that there i… 相似文献
11.
珠穆朗玛峰地区近34年来气候变化 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：31
利用珠穆朗玛峰地区中国境内5个气象站1971~2004年月平均气温、月平均最高、最低气温、月降水资料,采用气候线性趋势分析、滑动平均、低通滤波、累积距平等方法对珠峰地区近34年气候变化的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：(1) 1971~2004年珠峰地区气温呈现出明显的上升趋势,其中海拔最高的定日站增幅最高,且以冬半年非生长季气温增长更为显著;(2) 近34年珠峰地区的变暖要明显早于中国及全球,且升温幅度更大;(3) 珠峰南、北翼降水变化趋势明显不同,北翼4站降水以增加趋势为主,但是总体显著性水平不高,而珠峰南翼的聂拉木降水以减少趋势为主,从90年代初开始降水以较大幅度减少;(4) 与已有研究结果比较发现：珠峰高海拔地区是中国同期升温最显著的区域。设立在海拔5032 m珠峰大本营的世界上海拔最高的无人值守实时自动气象站将会在全球变化监测中发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
12.
YANG Xuchao ZHANG Yili ZHANG Wei YAN Yuping WANG Zhaofeng DING Mingjun CHU Duo 《地理学报》2006,16(3):326-336
Using monthly average, maximum, minimum air temperature and monthly precipitation data from 5 weather stations in Mt. Qomolangma region in China from 1971 to 2004, climatic linear trend, moving average, low-pass filter and accumulated variance analysis methods, the spatial and temporal patterns of the climatic change in this region were analyzed. The main findings can be summarized as follows: (1) There is obvious ascending tendency for the interannual change of air temperature in Mt. Qomolangma region and the ascending tendency of Tingri, the highest station, is the most significant. The rate of increasing air temperature is 0.234 oC/decade in Mt. Qomolangma region, 0.302 oC/decade in Tingri. The air temperature increases more strongly in non-growing season. (2) Compared with China and the global average, the warming of Mt. Qomolangma region occurred early. The linear rates of temperature increase in Mt. Qomolangma region exceed those for China and the global average in the same period. This is attributed to the sensitivity of mountainous regions to climate change. (3) The southern and northern parts of Mt. Qomolangma region are quite different in precipitation changes. Stations in the northern part show increasing trends but are not statistically significant. Nyalam in the southern part shows a decreasing trend and the sudden decreasing of precipitation occurred in the early 1990s. (4) Compared with the previous studies, we find that the warming of Mt. Qomolangma high-elevation region is most significant in China in the same period. The highest automatic meteorological comprehensive observation station in the world set up at the base camp of Mt. Qomolangma with a height of 5032 m a.s.l will play an important role in monitoring the global climate change. 相似文献
13.
14.
恢复人工植被是祁连山自然保护区矿区废弃地修复的主要手段,经过近5年的修复,矿区废弃地修复区地上植被盖度明显提高,但关于作为评价土壤修复效果重要指标的土壤动物群落变化的认识还很有限。以祁连山自然保护区典型煤矿废弃地为研究对象,采用野外调查的方法对比研究了煤矿修复区和毗邻区（原始地貌）大型土壤动物分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）修复区植物丰富度、生物量、盖度及土壤粗砂、有机质、全氮含量均显著低于毗邻区（P<0.05）,而土壤水分、细砂、黏粉粒、全钾和全磷含量差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）修复区土壤动物活动密度和多样性均显著高于毗邻区,修复区和毗邻区土壤动物均以蝗科（12.7%和55.7%）和蚁科（14.4%和49.6%）为主;进房沟、水磨沟和柳树沟煤矿修复区及毗邻区土壤动物群落相似性分别为39.9%、52.9%和43.4%。（3）土壤有机质含量是影响煤矿修复区和对照区捕食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子,而草本物种数和土壤粗砂含量是影响植食性土壤动物群落变化的主要因子。总之,人工修复后煤矿废弃地修复区土壤动物个体数均高于对照区,部分矿区修复生境类群丰富度及多样性已经超过了毗邻区,这表明蚂蚁、步甲和蝗虫等地表节肢动物对煤矿矿区覆土恢复植被和封禁等措施驱动的植被和土壤环境变化响应敏感。因此,还需要优化植被及土壤修复模式,提高土壤动物多样性及多功能性,使矿区废弃地生态环境能够得到快速修复。 相似文献
15.
基于RUE和NDVI的人类活动对植被干扰强度分析——以桂西北为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以岩溶地貌典型发育的桂西北为例,综合植被变化状况和驱动因子,采用聚类分析的方法将人类活动对植被干扰的强度进行分级评价。首先,采用直线斜率的方法对归一化植被指数（NDVI）和降水利用率（RUE）的变化趋势进行分析;其次,利用GIS技术,对NDVI变化趋势、RUE变化趋势和人口密度进行合成,并采用聚类分析的方法对其进行分类;然后,根据NDVI变化趋势和RUE变化趋势对各集群的人类干扰强度进行初步判断;最后,根据集群的人口密度值,修正各集群的地理属性,实现人类活动对植被干扰强度的分级评价。结果表明：（1）在区域尺度上,桂西北1999—2012年植被生长呈总体好转、局地退化的特征。（2）降水利用率大致呈现出从东南向西北递增的空间格局,1999—2012年植被降水利用率总体上呈略有上升的趋势,但空间上呈现出不均衡分布的特征。（3）1999—2012年桂西北人类活动对植被的影响总体是正向干扰效应大于负向干扰效应。人类活动正向干扰效应呈多中心非均衡分布特征,主要集中在以木论自然保护区和九万山自然保护区为中心的东北片区、金钟山自然保护区为中心的西北片区岑王老山自然保护区为中心的西部片区.负向干扰效应主要集中分布在东南部和西南部,以都安县和靖西县最为典型;中部地区人类活动对植被的影响并不明显,呈现出正向干扰效应和负向干扰效应零星分布的格局。（4）人类干扰主要集中在坡度25°以下区域,强度正向干扰主要分布在高程为400~1000 m的丘陵及低山区,强度负向干扰主要分布在高程400 m以下的中下坡、河谷盆地及峰丛洼地。 相似文献
16.
盐城滩涂野生动物保护与自然保护区建设 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
建立自然保护区足生物多样性保护最有效的措施之一。盐城滩涂动物种类繁多、遗传多样性丰富,这里建有盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区、大丰麇鹿Elaphurus davidianus国家级自然保护区和东台中华鲟Acipenser sinensis自然保护区。本文介绍了盐城滩涂野生动物、保护动物及经济动物的种类,论述了盐城滩涂白然保护区建设的基本情况、取得的成绩及存在的问题,并提出了自然保护区建设及野生动物保护的对策。 相似文献
17.
托木尔峰自然保护区旅游资源及开发构想 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
该区是新疆最重要的自然景观旅游区之一,区内以著名的山峰、气势磅薄的冰川、优美的风景河段,幽密的原始森林、珍鸹的野生动物,奇特的象形山石为特征。凭借资源的独特性和高品位,合理规划,贯彻旅游业持续发展原则,积极发展生态旅游,加强宣传与促销,可以使其成为全国著名的旅游区,并可与库库县以人文景观为主的旅游我互为依托,相互辉映,共创阿克苏地区旅游业的美好前景。 相似文献
18.
Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000-2011 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Xianfeng ZHANG Jinshui ZHU Xiufang PAN Yaozhong LIU Yanxu ZHANG Donghai LIN Zhihui 《地理学报》2014,24(2):288-302
The Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR),which is the source area of the Yangtze River,Yellow River,and Lancang River,is of key importance to the ecological security of China. Because of climate changes and human activities,ecological degradation occurred in this region. Therefore,"The nature reserve of Three-River Source Regions" was established,and "The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve" was implemented by the Chinese government. This study,based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data,aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011,from three dimensions. Linear regression,Hurst index analysis,and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following:(1) In the past 12 years (2000-2011),the NDVI of the study area increased,with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a,of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend,while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. (2) Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR,and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. (3) The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area,being 64.06% and 35.94%,respectively during the study period,and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. (4) The reverse characteristics of vegetation coverage change are significant. In the future,degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River,while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. (5) The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag,while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. (6) The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project. 相似文献
19.
Climate change on the southern slope of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） Region in Nepal since 1971 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on monthly mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature and monthly mean precipitation data from 10 meteorological stations on the southern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region in Nepal between 1971 and 2009, the spatial and temporal characteristics of climatic change in this region were analyzed using climatic linear trend, Sen＇s Slope Estimates and Mann-Kendall Test analysis methods. This paper focuses only on the southern slope and attempts to compare the results with those from the northern slope to clarify the characteristics and trends of climatic change in the Mt. Qomolangma region. The results showed that： （1） between 1971 and 2009, the annual mean temperature in the study area was 20.0℃, the rising rate of annual mean temperature was 0.25℃/10a, and the temperature increases were highly influenced by the maximum temperature in this region. On the other hand, the temperature increases on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma region were highly influenced by the minimum temperature. In 1974 and 1992, the temperature rose noticeably in February and September in the southern region when the increment passed 0.9℃. （2） Precipitation had an asymmetric distribution; between 1971 and 2009, the annual precipitation was 1729.01 mm. In this region, precipitation showed an increasing trend of 4.27 mm/a, but this was not statistically significant. In addition, the increase in rainfall was mainly concentrated in the period from April to October, including the entire monsoon period （from June to September） when precipitation accounts for about 78.9% of the annual total. （3） The influence of altitude on climate warming was not clear in the southern region, whereas the trend of climate warming was obvious on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma. The annual mean precipitation in the southern region was much higher than that of the northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region. This shows the barrier effect of the Himalayas as a whole and Mt. Qomolangma in particular. 相似文献
20.
中国自然保护区生态旅游研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
截止2012年,中国自然保护区面积达国土面积14.9％,超过世界平均水平.自然保护区的自然生态资源迎合了生态旅游需求,在保护区内开展生态旅游,为保护区可持续发展提供一个新的思路.目前,国内越来越多的学术研究论文集中在这些旅游活动,通过中国知网,对2000～2012年中国自然保护区生态旅游的相关文献进行检索和分析,经整理获得相关文献1 673篇,其中核心期刊414篇.在此基础上对自然保护区生态旅游的理论、开发、管理、环境问题、社区参与及国外经验研究方面进行综述.就中国自然保护区生态旅游的研究进展,概括出4点成就并提出4点建议. 相似文献