共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
嘉陵江流域三江汇流洪水联机实时预报研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
不直接描述嘉陵江流域三洪汇流存在的洪水顶托等复杂的物理过程，而是采用时变参数线性模型，由作者修正的一种自适应滤波水文实时预报方法进行参数在线识别，并分别研究集总输入和多输入两种情况，实现了洪水联机实时预报，结果表明，预报精度高，且模型简单，滤波参数稳定，便于推广使用。 相似文献
2.
基于指数趋势模型的卡尔曼滤波法在危岩体变形分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以指数趋势模型为基础,建立卡尔曼滤波模型对链子崖危岩体GA监测点的位移量进行预测。首先,把非线性的指数趋势模型经线性化处理后转化成线性模型,用线性最小二乘法求出线性化后的模型参数,再将线性化后的模型参数看作带有动态噪声的状态向量,建立卡尔曼滤波模型,以此模型为基础,对危岩体的位移量进行预测。实例计算表明,用卡尔曼滤波模型对危岩体的位移量进行预测,其预测误差较小,效果较为理想。 相似文献
3.
颗粒流厚度及其演化趋势是碎屑流物理模型试验中重点关注的要素。目前试验中颗粒流厚度的监测主要有传感器监测、机械原件测量、人工测读等方法。随着计算机跨学科的应用及计算机数字图像处理技术的成熟,越来越多的数字图像处理技术被应用于工程地质领域。以颗粒流斜槽试验为依托,基于自适应中值滤波、图像二值化、图像腐蚀及种子填充等数字图像处理方法,对高速相机所采集的颗粒流图像序列进行处理分析并编制了相关程序,实现了连续提取颗粒流运动过程中的厚度值。分析结果表明:基于数字图像处理方法提取的颗粒流厚度在颗粒流主体区段与实测厚度值相吻合,在颗粒流尾部由于颗粒离散会存在一定的偏差,主要是由于部分三维空间中的颗粒在二维图像中呈现出重叠的形式,造成颗粒连续的假象。总体而言,通过该方法获取的颗粒流厚度值在一定条件下具有较高的精度,相比于其他方法具有效率高、获取参数多、采样频率高、扰动低等优势,可作为颗粒流试验中流态参数动态获取的常规方法之一。 相似文献
4.
Odd Kolbjørnsen Marita Stien Heidi Kjønsberg Bjørn Fjellvoll Petter Abrahamsen 《Mathematical Geosciences》2014,46(2):205-225
A multigrid Markov mesh model for geological facies is formulated by defining a hierarchy of nested grids and defining a Markov mesh model for each of these grids. The facies probabilities in the Markov mesh models are formulated as generalized linear models that combine functions of the grid values in a sequential neighborhood. The parameters in the generalized linear model for each grid are estimated from the training image. During simulation, the coarse patterns are first laid out, and by simulating increasingly finer grids we are able to recreate patterns at different scales. The method is applied to several tests cases and results are compared to the training image and the results of a commercially available snesim algorithm. In each test case, simulation results are compared qualitatively by visual inspection, and quantitatively by using volume fractions, and an upscaled permeability tensor. When compared to the training image, the method produces results that only have a few percent deviation from the values of the training image. When compared with the snesim algorithm the results in general have the same quality. The largest computational cost in the multigrid Markov mesh is the estimation of model parameters from the training image. This is of comparable CPU time to that of creating one snesim realization. The simulation of one realization is typically ten times faster than the estimation. 相似文献
5.
利用中值滤波技术能够很好的抑制噪声和保护边缘信息这一特性,用不同的滤波窗口对遥感图像进行处理,并做出处理后图像的归一化差值图像。通过图形分析发现差值图像上的信息比原始图像细节信息更丰富,某些地质现象更清晰。 相似文献
6.
为研究储层微观孔隙结构和建立微观渗流模型,本文通过对东营凹陷沙三中亚段H152井区的典型低渗透储层岩样进行CT（computed tomography）扫描及图像处理,建立了微观尺度的数字岩心模型;继而经过对该模型进行分析和计算,提取了储层孔喉网络模型,在三维空间上直观、清晰地显示了不同尺度的孔隙及喉道的形态、大小和分布;最后通过对孔隙结构特征、孔隙度、渗透率和压降等动静态参数的分析和计算,建立了储层岩样的微观渗流模型。根据算法对比和参数分析结果认为：与传统中值滤波相比,非局部均值滤波算法可在相似性比较的基础上进行滤波处理,从而提高模型的准确性;基于CT的数字岩心建模可为地质研究提供可靠的数字模型;根据近似等压面假设的微观渗流数值模拟分析了流体渗流特征,为揭示低渗透储层流体渗流规律提供了一种新的途径。 相似文献
7.
岩石中常含有裂缝、岩脉等细小而重要的微观结构,需要高分辨率的成像技术来提取其特征。在岩石图像处理中,特征提取可以提取出岩石的主要结构信息从而极大降低数据量,然而某些细线状岩石特征(如裂缝、裂隙等)往往无法被完整识别出来而存在间断现象。本文在采用蚁群算法修复岩石细线状特征的基础上,综合利用蚁群算法、DBSCAN聚类算法和Canny算子提出一种新的岩石图像修复算法。根据设定的阈值,对提取的图像间断部分进行搜索并连接,以修复在图像特征提取过程中缺失的部分重要信息,同时去除修复过程产生的多余特征。实际结果表明,利用混合算法处理的岩石特征提取图像得到了较好的修复,能够提高岩石裂隙特征提取的准确性。 相似文献
8.
光学图像和雷达图像的IHS融合方法是提取构造信息的一种较好的信息增强方法,这种方法既可以保留波谱信息,又可以增加图像的立体效果。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗—东胜地区一带为研究区,选用光学TM图像和雷达JERS图像进行了IHS融合处理,重点研究了光学图像波段的选取以及雷达图像的预处理过程,并在融合过程中注意通过光学TM图像和雷达JERS图像之间的直方图匹配,以降低其融合后图像的变化差异度,从而使此种融合方法更适用于研究区的构造信息提取。 相似文献
9.
Factorial Kriging (FK) is a data- dependent spatial filtering method that can be used to remove both independent and correlated
noise on geological images as well as to enhance lineaments for subsequent geological interpretation. The spatial variability
of signal, noise, and lineaments, characterized by a variogram model, have been used explicitly in calculating FK filter coefficients
that are equivalent to the kriging weighting coefficients. This is in contrast to the conventional spatial filtering method
by predefined, data-independent filters, such as Gaussian and Sobel filters. The geostatistically optimal FK filter coefficients,
however, do not guarantee an optimal filtering effect, if filter geometry (size and shape) are not properly selected. The
selection of filter geometry has been investigated by examining the sensitivity of the FK filter coefficients to changes in
filter size as well as variogram characteristics, such as nugget effect, type, range of influence, and anisotropy. The efficiency
of data-dependent FK filtering relative to data-independent spatial filters has been evaluated through simulated stochastic
images by two examples. In the first example, both FK and data-independent filters are used to remove white noise in simulated
images. FK filtering results in a less blurring effect than the data-independent fillers, even for a filter size as large
as 9 × 9. In the second example, FK and data-independent filters are compared relative to the extraction of lineaments and
components showing anisotropic variability. It was determined that square windows of the filter mask are effective only for
removing Isotropie components or white noise. A nonsquare windows must be used if anisotropic components are to be filtered
out. FK filtering for lineament enhancement is shown to be resistant to image noise, whereas data-independent filters are
sensitive to the presence of noise. We also have applied the FK filtering to the GLORIA side-scan sonar image from the Gulf
of Mexico, illustrating that FK is superior to the data-independent filters in removing noise and enhancing lineaments. The
case study also demonstrate that variogram analysis and FK filtering can be used for large images if a spectral analysis and
optimal filter design in the frequency domain is prohibitive because of a large memory requirement. 相似文献
10.
非线性滤波方法与陆面数据同化 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
陆面数据同化研究近几年成为地球科学研究的新兴领域,其中以非线性滤波为代表的数据同化方法发展迅速并得到了广泛应用。在贝叶斯理论框架内,从递推贝叶斯估计理论的角度系统地分析了扩展卡尔曼滤波、无迹卡尔曼滤波、集合卡尔曼滤波、SIR粒子滤波等非线性滤波方法的异同;针对应用比较广泛的集合卡尔曼滤波和SIR粒子滤波应用中存在的问题,论述了几种提高滤波性能的实用方法,如协方差矩阵的Localization方法、协方差矩阵的Inflation方法、双集合卡尔曼滤波方法、扰动集合、扰动大气驱动和模型参数、平方根集合卡尔曼滤波以及粒子滤波算法的改进等。最后总结讨论了各种非线性滤波方法应用中的特点、难点以及各种算法在陆面数据同化中的应用前景和发展方向。 相似文献
11.
卫星CCD图像的去云处理对遥感信息的增强与提取有重要的意义,尤其是在云覆盖严重的低纬度地区。为去除CBERS-02B卫星CCD图像中薄云的影响,分别使用Mallat和à trous 2种小波变换对图像进行分解;利用同态滤波对2种小波分解图像的低频系数进行处理,衰减其低频信息;将处理后的小波低频系数与分解的高频系数进行小波重构,从而达到去云的目的。定量分析基于Mallat和à trous小波变换结合同态滤波法的去云结果表明,经à trous小波变换结合同态滤波法的去云影像所包含信息量大,细节信息丰富,去云效果较好。 相似文献
12.
改进模拟退火法在估计河流水质参数中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将模拟退火法应用于求解分析河流水团示踪试验数据，确定河流水质参数的函数优化问题。针对标准SA算法收敛速度缓慢的弱点，采取了增加附加约束条件、设置内阈值提前降温和增加记忆功能等综合措施对算法进行了改进。算例表明，综合改进措施能够明显地提高算法收敛速度，并可以得到满意的参数计算结果。计算结果也表明，内循环次数不会对外循环次数产生明显的影响。由于算法对目标函数没有附加要求，而且算法的收敛性与待估参数的初值无关，因此，改进SA算法在分析河流水质试验数据、确定水质参数方面．将会具有非常广的应用范围。 相似文献
13.
14.
相干算法提取嫦娥数据月表地质特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经典的边缘提取算法可从月球影像数据中提取出月表的构造特征, 但难以提取出与月貌有关的特征信息.本文提出的相干法月球影像地质特征提取技术, 其基本思想是基于相干运算来考察图像上像素或像素组之间的相似性, 以获取月表的构造特征和月貌特征.该方法已经应用在嫦娥一号月球探测器获取的部分影像数据上, 相比于几种常规的边缘提取方法, 本方法优势明显, 不仅能有效地提取环形构造和线性构造等地质特征, 还可以很好地提取月貌特征, 对具有一定规模的小直径撞击坑的识别也有不错的效果.该方法可以用于计算机自动识别或辅助手工解译月表构造, 划分月貌单元等研究. 相似文献
15.
薄片显微描绘和自动图像分析技术在岩石学定量评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用显微镜描绘技术在绘图纸上绘出线条清晰,反差很大的岩石薄片手绘图像,再将手绘图像通过电视摄像机（ＣＣＤ）输入到计算机自动图像系统中处理,可以取得组成岩石主要矿物的密度分布、粒度、形状及空间分布模式,揭示岩石特征,为岩石学定量研究提供参数。 相似文献
16.
运用钻石光学效果观察仪采集合成立方氧化锆（CZ）样品的光学效果的实测图样,采用中国地质大学（武汉）珠宝学院石斌博士研发的宝石切工仿真分析系统模拟样品的光学效果仿真图样及可视亮度。通过量化程序统计样品实测图样的亮度值,以及仿真图样的亮度值。研究在入射角度为7．12°-12．58°的环形光源下,样品的实测亮度与主要切工参数的关系;对比仿真图样与实测图样的异同;分析样品可视亮度与仿真图样的统计亮度值的变化趋势,发现样品仿真图样的统计亮度值与模拟的可视亮度变化趋势基本一致;对称性较好样品的仿真图样与实测图样较一致;亭角38．5°-41．5°,冠角27°-39°之间一些特定组合的样品具有较高的亮度。结果表明,通过采集、分析图样测量圆明亮琢型宝石实际亮度的方法是准确可行的;对称性或某些参数的细微变化都可能引起样品亮度很大的变化;亮度较高样品的亭角、冠角满足加和规律,即亭角减小必须与需锫增加相静会．才鲐呈拥掂高的毒序 相似文献
17.
Multiple-point simulation, as opposed to simulation one point at a time, operates at the pattern level using a priori structural information. To reduce the dimensionality of the space of patterns we propose a multi-point filtersim algorithm that classifies structural patterns using selected filter statistics. The pattern filter statistics are specific linear combinations of pattern pixel values that represent directional mean, gradient, and curvature properties. Simulation proceeds by sampling from pattern classes selected by conditioning data. 相似文献
18.
Fast FILTERSIM Simulation with Score-based Distance 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
FILTERSIM is a pattern-based multiple-point geostatistical algorithm for modeling both continuous and categorical variables.
It first groups all the patterns from a training image into a set of pattern classes using their filter scores. At each simulation
location, FILTERSIM identifies the training pattern class closest to the local conditioning data event, then samples a training
pattern from that prototype class and pastes it onto the simulation grid. In the original FILTERSIM algorithm, the selection
of the closest pattern class is based on the pixel-wise distance between the prototype of each training pattern class and
the local conditioning data event. Hence, FILTERSIM is computationally intensive for 3D simulations, especially with a large
and pattern-rich training image. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to accelerate the simulation process by replacing
that pixel-wise distance calculation with a filter score comparison, which is the difference between the filter score of local
conditioning data event and that of each pattern prototype. This score-based distance calculation significantly reduces the
CPU consumption due to the tremendous data dimension reduction. The results show that this new score based-distance calculation
can speed up FILTERSIM simulation by a factor up to 10 in 3D applications. 相似文献
19.
Noise Removal from Duplicate Paleoceanographic Time-Series: The Use of Adaptive Filtering Techniques
Martin H. Trauth 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(5):557-574
This study demonstrates that adaptive filters can be used successfully to remove noise from duplicate paleoceanographic time-series. Conventional methods for noise canceling such as fixed filters cannot be applied to paleoceanographic time-series if optimal filtering is to be achieved, because the signal-to-noise ratio is unknown and varies with time. In contrast, an adaptive filter automatically extracts information without any prior initialization of the filter parameters. Two basic adaptive filtering methods, the gradient-based stochastic least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm and the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm have been modified for paleoceanographic applications. The RLS algorithm can be used for noise removal from duplicate records corrupted by stationary noise, for example, carbonate measurements, species counts, or density data. The RLS filter performance is characterized by high accuracy and fast rate of convergence. The modified LMS algorithm out-performs the RLS procedure in a nonstationary environment (e.g., stable isotope records) but at the price of a slower rate of convergence and a reduced accuracy in the final estimate. The application of both algorithms is demonstrated by means of carbonate and stable isotope data. 相似文献
20.
探地雷达在桥塔塔基岩溶勘查中的应用及信号分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以湖南省张家界—花垣县高速公路岩溶勘查为例,探讨探地雷达在竖直型岩溶勘查中的应用和效果;同时,说明复信号分析方法在探地雷达数据处理中的有效性。竖向岩溶的横向规模小,在雷达图像中相应的异常范围比较窄,异常不易分辨。首先对原始采集信号进行二维空间域滤波,再对信号进行Hilbert变换,提取雷达信号的瞬时振幅、瞬时相位和瞬时频率,然后对这些处理后的信号进行综合分析。研究结果表明,二维空间域滤波可大大消除高频噪声的干扰,提高信号的信噪比,多参数综合分析可提高探地雷达解释的精度,最终的钻探成果也验证了反演解释结果的正确性。 相似文献