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1.
康希栋 《华北地质矿产杂志》1994,9(3):293-297
Ｋ２－Ｋ４灰岩段地层发育在上石炭统太原组下部，由灰岩、砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩互层的细粒沉积物以及煤组成。根据宏观沉积特征和微观显微结构的研究，笔者确定了该段沉积物形成于半局限海的潮汐环境。Ｋ２灰岩和Ｋ３灰岩为生物碎屑泥晶灰岩，代表了潮下带沉积；Ｋ４灰岩为含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩，属潮间带沉积物。该层段内的碎屑岩也属潮间带沉积物，其中砂岩为潮渠成因。该段地层中发育的３层煤由于受潮汐作用的影响，沉积厚度小，煤质 相似文献
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康希栋 《华北地质矿产杂志》1994,(3)
Ｋ＿２－Ｋ＿４灰岩段地层发育在上石炭统太原组下部，由灰岩、砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩互层的细粒沉积物以及煤组成。根据宏观沉积特征和微观显微结构的研究，笔者确定了该段沉积物形成于半局限海的潮汐环境。Ｋ＿２灰岩和Ｋ＿３灰岩为生物碎屑泥晶灰岩，代表了潮下带沉积；Ｋ＿４灰岩为含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩，属潮间带沉积物。该层段内的碎屑岩也属潮间带沉积物，其中砂岩为潮渠成因。该段地层中发育的３层煤由于受潮汐作用的影响，沉积厚度小，煤质差，达不到工业要求。 相似文献
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通过分析时间序列的卫片资料、4 m高的露头剖面的沉积学和元素地球化学特征, 研究钱塘江涌潮河段的滩槽冲淤变化规律、涌潮沉积特征和沉积层序.涌潮河段河道宽浅, 受径流与潮流相互作用强烈, 冲淤频繁且剧烈, 滩槽演替存在约20 a的周期, 与流域年代际洪、枯期转变有关.在滩槽叠置的垂向层序中, 底部为河槽、低潮滩相的厚层块状砂质沉积, 发育各种变形沉积构造, 为典型的涌潮沉积; 顶部为高潮滩相的潮汐韵律沉积, 发育典型的潮汐成因的双黏土层、大小潮周期; 二者之间的中潮滩相呈渐变过渡.C-M图和概率累计曲线可较好地区分涌潮沉积与潮成砂、泥质沉积.涌潮沉积层Si/Al、Zr/Al、Ti/Al等元素比值较高, 而潮汐韵律层Fe/Al、Mn/Al等元素比值较高, 这与它们的赋存方式和水动力分异有关.Si、Zr和Ti主要见于石英和重矿物中, 因此在强水动力沉积层中富集; 而Fe、Mn易被黏土矿物吸附, 在水动力较弱的中高潮滩富集. 相似文献
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根据我国东部海岸现代潮坪沉积物和古代潮汐沉积物的研究,新发现一种潮汐沉积物所具有的特殊沉积构造,这种沉积构造可区分出三种类型,特征明显,易于鉴定,反映潮汐运动规律,命名为“潮汐周期层序”。用这种沉积构造作为古代潮汐沉积物的鉴定标志,将大大提高鉴定的可靠性。 相似文献
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潮汐作用下北黄海跃层波动的数值研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
跃层除有季节性的变化外 ,还时刻受到潮汐、风、降水等诸多因素扰动而引起波动与起伏。文章研究潮汐 (4大分潮M2 ,S2 ,K1,O1同时输入 )作用下渤海跃层起伏与波动的三维数值模型 (将海洋分为 3层 ,即上混和层 ,跃层和下混和层 ) ,揭示了整个海区跃层上下界面处跃层起伏的地理分布及叠加在起伏之上的潮周期波动的时空变化 ,模拟出跃层波动与实测基本一致。跃层波动既与潮汐运动有关 ,又与潮汐有很大区别。从波动位相、波高来看 ,两者均不相同 ,甚至周期有时也不同。跃层上下界面的波动周期、位相、波高在很多地区也不一致。中下层余流大小和方向几乎一致。大振幅的跃层波动均发生在近海地形突变之处。海水运动的激发与地形相互作用以及海岸海底摩擦可能是跃层波动与起伏的重要因素。 相似文献
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钙质结砾岩是土壤剖面中细粒碳酸盐(典型的隐晶方解石)形成的次生堆积物。许多钙质结砾岩的构造和结构类似于迭层石的构造和结构,特别是类似于具扁平状隐晶质纹层、侧向连接的半椭球体沉积物(hemispheroids)和核形石。最重要的是区别这两种类型的沉积物,隐晶质沉积物是典型的潮汐带沉积物,也是范围狭小的潮下带沉积物,而钙质结砾岩是陆相风化作用的产物,经常与不整合相伴生。(钅监)定纹层状和豆状钙质结砾岩的常见特征有下列几方面: 相似文献
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提出一种新的高精确度的方法来计算沉积旋回韵律,即以样品断面光学灰度参数作为韵律沉积变化的替代指标,利用数字图像分析软件,通过最小二乘法、一阶差分法等数据处理后,定量计算沉积旋回韵律。对采自四川江油西南部中三叠统雷口坡组的纹层藻白云岩样品进行研究,观察样品抛光面和薄片,确定藻白云石具有明显的潮汐沉积韵律纹层。应用此方法计算得出研究区样品共有217个潮汐层偶对,层偶对最大厚度为4.2mm,通过人工计数对比证明了该方法的可行性。这种技术方法与传统方法相比更省时、更高效,可推广性高,同时也可应用于其它类型频段韵律旋回中。 相似文献
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厄尔尼诺事件与强潮汐的对应关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
北太平洋对北极的半封闭状态和南太平洋对南极的开放状态是厄尔尼诺事件发生的构造基础，强潮汐导致南北半球之间的流体对流和北太平洋海洋热能周期性向南太平洋输送。日、地、月和行星相对位置的变化决定了潮汐的强度，其变化规模与全球气候变化周期相对应。强潮汐加大垂直方向和水平方向海水的混合，使西太平洋和北太平洋暖水变冷，使东南太平洋冷水变暖，形成厄尔尼诺事件。行星冲日、近地潮、日月大潮、日食、月食的叠加所形成的强潮汐与厄尔尼诺事件发生时间有非常好的对应关系。 相似文献
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SERGIO G. LONGHITANO 《Sedimentology》2011,58(3):691-719
The Pliocene–Pleistocene peripheral marine basins of the Mediterranean Sea in southern Italy, from Basilicata and western Calabria to northern and eastern Sicily, represent tectonically formed coastal embayments and narrow straits. Here, units of cross‐stratified, mixed silici–bioclastic sand, 25 to 80 m thick, record strong tidal currents. The Central Mediterranean Sea has had a microtidal range of ca 35 cm, and the local amplification of the tidal wave is attributed to tides enhanced in some of the bays and to the out‐of‐phase reversal of the tidal prism in narrow straits linking the Tyrrhenian and Ionian basins. The siliciclastic sediment was generated by local bedrock erosion, whereas the bioclastic sediment was derived from the contemporaneous, foramol‐type cool‐water carbonate factories. The cross‐strata sets represent small to medium‐sized (10 to 60 cm thick) two‐dimensional dunes with mainly unidirectional foreset dip directions. These tidalites differ from the classical tidal rhythmites deposited in mud‐bearing siliciclastic environments. Firstly, the foreset strata lack mud drapes and, instead, show segregation of siliciclastic and bioclastic sand into alternating strata. Secondly, the thickness variation of the successive silici–bioclastic strata couplets, measured over accretion intervals of 2 to 3 m and analysed statistically, reveal only the shortest‐term, diurnal and semi‐diurnal tidal cycles. Thirdly, the record of diurnal and semi‐diurnal tidal cycles is included within the pattern of neap‐spring cycles. Differences between these sediments and classical tidal rhythmites are attributed to the specific palaeogeographic setting of a microtidal sea, with the tidal currents locally enhanced in peripheral basins. It is suggested that this particular facies of mud‐free, silici–bioclastic arenite rhythmites in the stratigraphic record might indicate a specific type of depositional sub‐tidal environment of straits and embayments and the shortest‐term tidal cycles. 相似文献
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Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear to erode during the winter and then accrete vertically in the spring and summer. In each of the years studied, tidal laminae in vertically thickening and thinning laminae bundles were deposited by twice daily tides in neap–spring tidal cycles. In 2004, bundles of thickening and thinning laminae couplets were noted in trenches cut into the flats. Five laminae bundles alternated between thicker and thinner bundles, corresponding to the perigean (high spring) and apogean (low spring) tides. Well‐preserved apogean–perigean cycles have rarely been documented in modern tidal flat sediments. At this location, vertical accretion of tidal rhythmites with well‐developed neap–spring cyclicity is possible because of the near‐complete removal of the flat from the previous year, which creates accommodation space for vertical accretion without significant reworking. Macrotidal conditions, no reworking by infaunal invertebrates, protection from the main tidal channel by a gravel bar and protection from storm waves and fluvial erosion by a recess in the sedge marsh that surrounds the flats all aid in preservation of rhythmites during aggradation. The position of the flats relative to tidal range allows for accumulation of complete spring cycles and incomplete neap cycles. In the summer of 2004, apogee and perigee were closely aligned with the new and full moons, resulting in successive strong perigee and apogee tides which probably aided in the accumulation of successive thick–thin spring cycles encoding the apogean and perigean tidal cycle. The apogean–perigean signal was not observed in subsequent years. 相似文献
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MARTIN R. WELLS PETER A. ALLISON GARY J. HAMPSON MATTHEW D. PIGGOTT CHRISTOPHER C. PAIN 《Sedimentology》2005,52(4):715-735
Due to a lack of modern analogues, debate surrounds the importance of tides in ancient epi-continental seas. However, numerical modelling can provide a quantitative means of investigating palaeo-tidality without recourse to analogues. Finite element modelling of the European Upper Carboniferous epi-continental seaway predicts an exceedingly low Lunar tidal range (ca 5 cm in the open water regions of the UK and Southern North Sea). The Imperial College Ocean Model (ICOM) uses finite element methods and an unstructured tetrahedral mesh that is computationally very efficient. The accuracy and sensitivity of ICOM tidal range predictions were tested using bathymetric data from the present-day Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea is micro-tidal and varies in depth up to 5·4 km with an average depth of 1–2 km. ICOM accurately predicts the tidal range given both a realistic, but smoothed, bathymetry and a straight sided basin with a uniform depth of 1 km. Variation in uniform depth from 100 to 3000 m with and without islands consistently predicts micro-tidality, demonstrating that the model is robust and the effect of bathymetric uncertainty on model output is relatively small. The extremely low tidal range predicted for the European Upper Carboniferous is thus deemed robust. Putative Upper Carboniferous tidal deposits have been described in the UK and southern North Sea, but are represented by cyclic rhythmites and are limited to palaeo-estuaries. Calculations based on an embayed coast model show that the tidal range could have been amplified to ca 1 m in estuaries and that this is sufficient to form cyclic rhythmites. Without tidal mixing, the tropical equatorial heat and salinity enhancement would promote stratification in the open water body. The introduction of organic matter probably caused anoxia, biotic mortality and carbon accumulation, as evidenced by numerous black ‘marine-band’ shales. 相似文献
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海潮引起滨海含水层地下水位变化的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
依据短序列和长序列的潮汐效应观测数据,分析了北海地区海潮引起滨海含水层地下水位变化的动态特征.结果表明,受海潮影响的滨海含水层地下水位与海潮有相似的波动特征,但变幅减小,受海潮的影响程度与观测点离海岸的距离有关,随着离海岸距离的增加地下水位的变幅和潮汐系数大致呈负指数减小.在南、北海岸距离海岸分别达3756m和2276m以远时地下水位不受海潮变化的影响.长序列的观测资料显示,海潮和岸边地下水位有15天的长周期和1天的短周期的波动. 相似文献
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The arrangement of sediment couplets preserved in Thalassinoides shafts suggests that tides regulated the passive filling of these trace fossils and, thus, represent tubular tidalites. The thickness variation in individual layers and couplets implies a mixed diurnal, semi‐diurnal tidal signature where packages of either thick‐layered or thin‐layered couplets alternate. Calcarenitic sediment accumulated when tidal current velocity was too high to allow deposition of mud, whereas a marly mud layer is interpreted to have formed during more tranquil times of a tidal cycle (in particular, low‐tide slack water). The tidal record within the burrows covers a few weeks and the corresponding spring–neap cycles. The fill of the Thalassinoides shafts is the only known record to decipher the tidal signature from otherwise totally bioturbated sediments. These deposits accumulated in a lower‐shoreface to upper‐offshore setting during the late Miocene on a shallow shelf extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the west into northern Patagonia. The fill of all investigated burrows started around spring tide and, thus, the behaviour of the burrow producers – probably crustaceans – is speculated to have been affected by tides or the high water level because all studied burrows became abandoned around the same period of a tidal cycle. 相似文献
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以江苏中部淤长型泥质潮滩为例,建立了基于过程的潮滩动力地貌演变数学模型,研究了在沿岸潮流作用、供沙充分情况下双凸形潮滩横剖面形成机制。在向岸方向,流速自潮下带至低潮位线附近急速减小,潮间带区域流速则缓慢减小,泥沙在流速急变区域迅速堆积形成上凸点。潮下带中部在小潮期的淤积量大于大潮期冲刷量,总体淤积率较高;加之潮间带中部较弱的落潮流不足以将其上风处底沙掀动并向海输运,导致落潮后期潮下带上部含沙量小、沉积率相对较低,最终在潮下带中部形成下凸点。随着滩面淤长抬升,上、下凸点位置逐步向高、低潮位线附近移动。与前人关于双凸形剖面形成机制的定性分析成果相比,尚有不一致之处,需通过现场观测等进一步探讨。 相似文献
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Marcello Gugliotta Yoshiki Saito Van Lap Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh Ta Toru Tamura 《Sedimentology》2019,66(1):146-164
The area of coastal rivers with a combination of fluvial, tidal and wave processes is defined as the fluvial to marine transition zone and can extend up to several hundreds of kilometres upstream of the river mouth. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of sediment distribution and depositional processes along the fluvial to marine transition zone using a comprehensive dataset of channel bed sediment samples collected from the Mekong River delta. Six sediment types were identified and were interpreted to reflect the combined action of fluvial and marine processes. Based on sediment‐type associations, the Mekong fluvial to marine transition zone could be subdivided into an upstream tract and a downstream tract; the boundary between these two tracts is identified 80 to 100 km upstream of the river mouth. The upstream tract is characterized by gravelly sand and sand and occasional heterolithic rhythmites, suggesting bed‐load supply and deposition mainly controlled by fluvial processes with subordinate tidal influence. The downstream tract is characterized by heterolithic rhythmites with subordinate sand and mud, suggesting suspended‐load supply and deposition mainly controlled by tidal processes with subordinate fluvial influence. Sediment distributions during wet and dry seasons suggest significant seasonal changes in sediment dynamic and depositional processes along the fluvial to marine transition zone. The upstream tract shows strong fluvial depositional processes with subordinate tidal influence during the wet season and no deposition with weak fluvial and tidal processes during the dry season. The downstream tract shows strong coexisting fluvial and tidal depositional processes during the wet season and strong tidal depositional processes with negligible fluvial influence during the dry season. Turbidity maxima are present along the downstream tract of the fluvial to marine transition zone during both wet and dry seasons and are driven by a combination of fluvial, tidal and wave processes. 相似文献
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《Sedimentology》2018,65(5):1631-1666
Detailed logging and analysis of the facies architecture of the upper Tithonian to middle Berriasian Aguilar del Alfambra Formation (Galve sub‐basin, north‐east Spain) have made it possible to characterize a wide variety of clastic, mixed clastic–carbonate and carbonate facies, which were deposited in coastal mudflats to shallow subtidal areas of an open‐coast tidal flat. The sedimentary model proposed improves what is known about mixed coastal systems, both concerning facies and sedimentary processes. This sedimentary system was located in an embayed, non‐protected area of a wide C‐shaped coast that was seasonally dominated by wave storms. Clastic and mixed clastic–carbonate muds accumulated in poorly drained to well‐drained, marine‐influenced coastal mudflat areas, with local fluvial sandstones (tide‐influenced fluvial channels and sheet‐flood deposits) and conglomerate tsunami deposits. Carbonate‐dominated tidal flat areas were the loci of deposition of fenestral‐laminated carbonate muds and grainy (peloidal) sediments with hummocky cross‐stratification. Laterally, the tidal flat was clastic‐dominated and characterized by heterolithic sediments with hummocky cross‐stratification and local tidal sandy bars. Peloidal and heterolithic sediments with hummocky cross‐stratification are the key facies for interpreting the wave (storm) dominance in the tidal flat. Subsidence and high rates of sedimentation controlled the rapid burial of the storm features and thus preserved them from reworking by fair‐weather waves and tides. 相似文献
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在地球岩石和其他地质样品中，记录了许多可以反映出地质历史时期的天文过程的信息，其中最显著、研究最多的有米兰柯维奇旋回、潮汐韵律层和天体陨击事件层等。由于天文事件具有全球等时性和瞬时性，且通常具有明显的地化特征和生物特征，是年代地层对比中最为有效的标志层。本文简要介绍了地层记录中这三类天文事件的确认过程以及它们的研究意义。 相似文献