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南极洲的政治前景问题,即南极洲向何处去,或南极洲属于谁的问题。就这个问题的核心和实质而言,也可以说是在新的世界政治、经济格局中和南极条约体系运作的框架下,人类将如何应对和寻求解决南极洲的领土主权归属和资源开发利用的问题。自南极洲发现至今,乃至将来,这一问题都是各国政治家、外交家和社会历史学家们十分关注而又极难应对的棘手问题,也是人们普遍关注的热点问题。由于南极洲独特的自然地理、生态环境、富有资源的特殊性和政治背景的复杂性。时至今日,对南极洲国际事务处理和管理的最好办法,仍然是《南极条约》和南极条约协商国组织及其会议。那么,南极洲究竟属于谁呢?可以肯定,在相当长的时间里是很难找到肯定答案的。本文着重分析了过去和现在决定或影响南极洲政治前景的三种力量,尝试对“南极洲的政治前景”作一探索分析,以期对关注这一问题的人们有所裨益。 相似文献
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In this study, based on a 2-D thermomechanical finite element model, the uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) is discussed in relation to the flexural uplift of a rheologically layered lithosphere, which is described by Vening-Meinesz's cantilever kinematics. The general model behaviour shows that the thickness of the crust and the geothermal gradient in the lithosphere are the principal factors in controlling the effective elastic thickness ( T e ). Although T e is also significantly dependent on the magnitude of the uplift and the wet or dry rheological condition of rocks, these two factors do not have a dominant influence on the half-wavelength of the TAM. The model with a plausible crustal structure beneath Antarctica shows that the thermal structure beneath East Antarctica is the critical factor, controlling the half-wavelength of the TAM. If there is a significant radiogenic heat source in the Antarctic lithosphere, T e beneath East Antarctica is estimated to be 50 km, at most, and the lithosphere has no potential to explain an exceptionally large-scale half-wavelength of the TAM. Even for the model without a heat source, if East Antarctica is significantly thermally influenced by West Antarctica, T e is estimated to be about 60 km, and it is difficult to reproduce the half-wavelength of the TAM. Contrarily, when a radiogenic heat source is absent and the thermal structure beneath East Antarctica is not significantly affected by that beneath West Antarctica, the rheological structure beneath East Antarctica has the potential to reproduce the half-wavelength of the TAM ( T e ∼ 100 km). Thus, the presence of a radiogenic heat source in the crust and mantle and the thermal influence of West Antarctica on East Antarctica are crucial factors in the reproduction of the half-wavelength found in the TAM. 相似文献
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Transport of moisture-bearing air to the Antarctic is one of the important factors that control the mass balance of the ice sheet. Here, we investigate the distribution of air-parcel transport using a backward trajectory analysis over the entire Antarctic ice sheet, based on whether the air parcel was located inside or outside of Antarctica at 5 days before arrival. At this time, we considered the air from outside Antarctica to be moisture rich. Oceanic air was found to dominate in West Antarctica throughout the year, whereas air from inland was more prominently distributed around East Antarctica, especially in summer. In East Antarctica, there was a significant seasonal variation: air from inland dominated in summer, while air of oceanic origin dominated in winter. The distribution of air parcels that came from oceanic/inland sources was similar to the accumulation map (based on satellite data), which indicates that oceanic air parcels could be a substitute for moisture transport to the Antarctic. To determine the future impacts of climate change (e.g., sea level rise), more precise predictions of the variations in the surface mass balance will be required. Our results contribute towards the improved understanding of the spatial distributions of accumulation and aerosols found in Antarctic snow and ice cores. 相似文献
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在中国第22次南极考察(2005/2006)期间,采集了东南极戴维斯站区加德纳岛(GardnerIsland)上一根含企鹅粪的沉积泥芯。分析测试了该沉积物、新鲜企鹅粪和当地基岩中部分化学元素的含量。对元素进行聚类分析并结合对比新鲜企鹅粪、基岩中的部分元素含量特征后得出,该粪土沉积的生物标型元素组合包括P、Se、F、S、As、Cu和Sr等7种元素。这与西南极阿德雷岛企鹅粪土层的生物标型元素组合是基本一致的。在此基础上,对东、西南极企鹅粪土层的生物标型元素进行了优选,得出东南极优选生物标型元素为P和Se,西南极则为F、P和S。这为探讨东南极企鹅数量变化及东、西南极企鹅数量变化的对比研究打下了基础。 相似文献
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Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km^2 and 5601 km^3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China,ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources.Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica. 相似文献
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LIU Shiyin WANG Ninglian DUAN Keqin XIAO Cunde DING Yongjian HAN Haidong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):401-410
1IntroductionIn the early 1960s, glaciers in western China were classified into maritime- and continental-types by different glacial environment and physical characteristics (Shi and Xie, 1964). With extensive glaciological investigations in the western regions (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology of CAS, 1988), Lai and Huang (1990) suggested a new classification of temperate, subpolar and quasipolar glaciers, corresponding to the maritime-, subcontinental- and extremely contin… 相似文献
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Glacier inventory compilation during the past 20 years and modifications of that for the Eastern Pamir and Banggong Lake indicate that there are 46,342 modern glaciers with a total area and volume of 59415 km2 and 5601 km3 respectively in China. These glaciers can be classified into maritime and continental (including sub-continental and extremely continental) types. Researches show that glaciers in China have been retreating since the Little Ice Age and the mass wastage was accelerated during the past 30 to 40 years. Being an important part of glaciological studies in China, ice core climatic and environmental studies on Tibetan Plateau and in the Antarctica have provided abundant, high resolution information about past climatic and environmental evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and Antarctica. Except for different parameters recorded in ice cores relating to climate and environment changes on Tibetan Plateau, records from ice cores extracted from different glaciers show that the discrepancies in climatic and environmental changes on the north and south parts of the plateau may be the consequence of different influencing effects from terrestrial and solar sources. Glaciological and meteorological phenomena imply that Lambert Glacier valley is an important boundary of climate in the east Antarctica, which is thought to be connected with cyclonic activities and Circum-polar Waves over the Antarctica. 相似文献
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根据南极火成岩信息和数据类型多、数据关系复杂、样品间数据完整性和精度差异大的特点，中国南极火成岩数据库划分为主库、来源文献、岩体地质学、岩石学、主要氧化物、稀土元素、痕量元素和同位素８个数据库。通过岩体系统号、样品系统号和来源文献号三个字段使８个数据库相互关联。中国南极火成岩数据库包括了１４０多个基本字段，存储火成岩岩石描述信息和分析数据。根据国内外火成岩数据标准化的现状的分析，中国南极火成岩数据库采用了国际地科联岩石学数据库分委会规定的标准词汇和代码，并利用代码－名词术语转换技术改善了用户界面 相似文献
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Environmental magnetic measurements of marine sediments from Antarctica: implications to paleoclimate changes during the past 15 ka 
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CHRISTINE ELLIOTT 《New Zealand geographer》2003,59(1):50-60
A review of some recent studies on rock weathering in Antarctica has revealed that Antarctic weathering research has a significant contribution to make to the ongoing debate about rock weathering in cold climates. Largely conducted in the field rather than the laboratory as in the Northern Hemisphere, it demonstrates that whilst all weathering processes can occur in Antarctica this is highly localised and dependent on the particular micro‐environment. Freeze‐thaw, for example, is not the most dominant process in many parts of Antarctica. The right combination of rock temperature and moisture can mean that salt, insolation, hydration or even chemical weathering can predominate. 相似文献
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近期系统的研究表明南极陆缘存在众多有利于天然气水合物赋存的指示性标志,尤其在陆缘周围的盆地中发现多条相关的地球物理反射层;同时,物源、温压、构造和沉积条件,皆有利于来自下部烃类气体的运移、富集和成藏,形成适合天然气水合物赋存的构造环境。在此基础上,利用收集的地热数据库,首先描述了陆缘周围的热流分布状况,再次计算了天然气水合物稳定带的厚度,最后利用体积分方法初步估算了该区域的天然气水合物的前景资源量。结果表明虽然陆缘周围的热流值相对较高,平均值达85.9 mW·m-2,但是由于陆缘海水深度大,形成足够强的压力,保证了天然气水合物的稳定赋藏,由此计算的前景资源量为0.97－1.63×1013 m3,表明具有可观的经济价值。 相似文献
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南极乔治王岛的地理环境分析：兼论南极地缘政治问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者从地理环境,尤其是气候和资源对航空、航海、科学考察的影响,讨论了南极乔治王岛地区的战略意义。根据对地质基础、矿产、火山活动以及冰川侵蚀历史和地貌现象的讨论,指出该区是研究古气候、古环境、大陆漂移和冰川冰缘地貌的极好场所;并指出该区种类全、数量多且具有南极特征的动植物和奇特的食物链关系,是其成为重要生物资源区和受条约保护的特别科学兴趣场所的主要原因;最后讨论了本区归属问题,认为《南极条约》今后可能继续生效或会制定出类似条约使本区和南极继续成为全人类的共有财富。 相似文献
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ShengKai Zhang DongChen E Fei Li JiFeng Huang YuanSheng Li ZeMin Wang XiaoHong Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(3):0198-0202
Tidal motion is the source of short-term vertical motion that an ice shelf experiences, and hence has a significant impact on ice shelves. During the 2003/2004 Austral summer season, five days of GPS measurements were carried out on the front of the Amery Ice Shelf （AIS）, East Antarctica, by the 20th Chinese National Antarctica Research Expedition （CHINARE）. The GPS data was processed using GAMIT/GLOBK software with 2-hour static data segment and the vertical precision is less than 0.18 m. To verify our results for the vertical component, we compare the ice shelf GPS tidal signal with a tidal result derived from tide gauge measurements at China＇s Zhongshan Station on Antarctica. Comparison of the GPS results with the tide gauge were in good agreement in amplitude at the few cm level, which indicates that the tide under the front of Amery Ice Shelf is irregular semidiurnal tide, the maximal tidal differences is approximately 2 m. GPS data can be used to validate the ocean tide model around the Antarctic area and such studies are important to improve our knowledge of the Antarctic ice shelf mass balance and dynamical models of ice sheet/ocean interaction. 相似文献
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南极区域潮汐是计算南极物质平衡和南极冰架表面冰流速的重要影响因素,同时对于研究冰架崩解和全球气候变暖具有重要作用。南极潮汐测量的方法从最初的实时测量,发展到了卫星测高和遥感监测以及建立数值模型预测的阶段。已有研究表明潮汐周期与冰架表面流速间存在一定关联,例如Filchner-Ronne冰架和Ross冰架的潮汐变化与冰流速度的联系为:在大潮时冰流速度达到最快,小潮时冰流速度达到最慢。研究还对南极典型冰架区域潮汐特征及对冰架表面冰流速、高程变化等的影响进行了总结。今后的研究不仅需要继续关注西南极和南极半岛的潮汐变化,更加需要对东南极稀疏的区域进行潮汐观测,这对于构建整个南极潮汐数据库和提高数值模型的精度具有重要意义。 相似文献
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