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1.
Study on the Log-Linear Velocity Profile of Near-Bed Tidal Current in Estuarine and Coastal Waters 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Many observed data show that the near-bed tidal velocity profile deviates from the usual logarithmic law. The amount of deviation may not be large, but it results in large errors when the logarithmic velocity profile is used to calculate the bed roughness height and friction velocity （or shear stress）. Based on their investigation, Kuo et al. （1996） indicate that the deviation amplitude may exceed 100%. On the basis of fluid dynamic principle, the profile of the near-bed tidal velocity in estuarine and coastal waters is established by introducing Prandtl＇ s mixing length theory and Von Kannan selfsimilarity theory. By the fitting and calculation of the near-bed velocity profde data observed in the west Solent, England, the results are compared with those of the usual logarithmic model, and it is shown that the present near-bed tidal velocity profile model has such advantages as higher fitting precision, and better inner consistency between the roughness height and friction velocity. The calculated roughness height and friction velocity are closer to reality. The conclusions are validated that the logarithmic model underestimates the roughness height and friction velocity during tidal acceleration and overestimates them during tidal deceleration. 相似文献
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《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(1-2):193-204
A three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model is used to simulate oscillating tidal boundary layers and test previous results obtained from one-dimensional boundary layer models and turbulence measurements in tidal channels. The LES model produces low-order turbulence statistics in agreement with the semi-analytic theory and observations. It shows a logarithmic layer in the mean velocity profile and a linear distribution of Reynolds stress with water depth. However, the eddy viscosity profile predicted by the LES model is not parabolic but better matches a parabolic profile modified by wake effect observed in the outer part of depth-limited steady boundary layers. Low-order turbulence statistics can be scaled by the instantaneous friction velocity at the bottom boundary. Although turbulence intensities in three directions fluctuate over a tidal cycle, their normalized values are in good agreement with those determined from laboratory experiments of steady open-channel flows. The LES model confirms that tidal turbulence is in quasi-equilibrium. However, it also demonstrates the importance of flow acceleration/deceleration term in the depth-integrated momentum balance for the mean flow. Phase differences are found between flows at different heights above the bottom boundary. 相似文献
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Based on the results of the tidal flow Reynolds stresses of the field observations,indoor experiments,and numerical models,the parabolic distribution of the tidal flow Reynolds stress is proposed and its coefficients are determined theoretically in this paper.Having been well verified with the field data and experimental data,the proposed distribution of Reynolds stress is also compared with numerical model results,and a good agreement is obtained,showing that this distribution can well reflect the basic features of Reynolds stress deviating from the linear distribution that is downward when the tidal flow is of acceleration,upward when the tidal flow is of deceleration.Its dynamics cause is also discussed preliminarily and the influence of the water depth is pointed out from the definition of Reynolds stress,turbulent generation,transmission,and so on.The established expression for the vertical distribution of the tidal flow Reynolds stress is not only simple and explicit,but can also well reflect the features of the tidal flow acceleration and deceleration for further study on the velocity profile of tidal flow. 相似文献
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江苏大丰潮间带粉砂滩的潮流边界层特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对江苏大丰潮间带粉砂滩的潮流观测数据，运用Karman-parndtl模型分析了流速对数剖面的出现频率和边界层参数（摩阻流速与粗糙长度）。结果表明，不同时间尺度（10^1-10^3s）的平均流速对计算u-lnz线性关系出现频率的影响不大，而不同层位组合的影响较为显著，影响流速对数剖面分布的自然因素为波浪、风、潮流旋转、表底层流向差异、滩面坡度和水流加减速等。相邻层位的流速在时间序列上存在很高的线性关系，回归直线的斜率与水层距底床的高度、粗糙长度和摩阻流速有关。涨潮阶段床面粗糙长度大于落潮阶段，涨潮阶段摩阻流速小于落潮阶段。 相似文献
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潮流的流速分布和湍流切应力的分布密切相关。为了研究潮流湍流切应力的特征和变化规律,本文从潮流运动方程推导出随潮流呈周期性变化的湍流切应力随深度的分布表达式。从江苏近海现场实测流速剖面中计算得到一个潮周期内的湍流切应力的变化过程。通过将实测值与本文理论解的比较发现,计算值能很好地反映出实测值的变化特征,尤其是能正确地反映潮流在加速和减速过程中,湍流切应力偏离线性分布呈现上凹和下凹的现象,以及只有在加减速转换的时候切应力才呈现线性分布的特点。最后,通过分析湍流切应力振幅及相位沿水深的变化情况,认为反映潮流周期、涡粘性和水深之间关系的参数Ri是决定湍流切应力弯曲程度及分布形态的重要参数。对于近海潮流,水深是影响湍流切应力偏离线性程度的主要因素。 相似文献
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江苏大丰地区潮滩由于水深较浅,潮流、波浪等动力较强,整个水层可视为边界层,其主体部分是对数层,即水流流速在垂向上呈对数分布。在潮流的加减速阶段,流速剖面将可能偏离对数分布,从而使对数剖面法计算出来的边界层参数造成误差。使用MIDAS-400用户化数据采集系统,在大丰潮滩获得了多层流速、浊度等同步高频观测数据,基于修正后的von Karman-Prandtl模型对u-lnz进行回归分析、数据内部一致性分析来定义流速对数剖面并与未修正前经典理论得到的边界层参数进行比较。分析结果表明,修正后的流速剖面更符合实际情况,边界层参数除了受水流加速度的影响外,还和沙纹等因素有关。另外,边界层参数的变化量与特征加速度负相关。 相似文献
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Hydraulic roughness over simple subaqueous dunes 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Jesper Bartholdy Burg W. Flemming Verner B. Ernstsen Christian Winter Alex Bartholom ä 《Geo-Marine Letters》2010,30(1):63-76
Detailed studies of flow over subaqueous dunes in laboratory flumes were used to suggest a virtual near-bed layer of twice
the dune height in which the mean velocity is accelerated towards the crest by contraction. The mean flow velocity in this
layer above the crest, transformed into friction velocity by means of the surface skin roughness, is shown to give values
consistent with measured values. The resulting dimensionless shear stress due to skin friction is depth-independent, in contrast
to that derived by means of often cited traditional methods. As a result of the relationship between dune height and the thickness
of the near-bed layer, an expression for the expansion loss behind dunes was formulated and used to relate form resistance
directly to dune height. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional structure of tidal current in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
A three-dimensional tidal current model is developed and applied to the East China Sea (ECS), the Yellow Sea and the Bohai
Sea. The model well reproduces the major four tides, namely M2, S2, K1 and O1 tides, and their currents. The horizontal distributions of the major four tidal currents are the same as those calculated
by the horizontal two-dimensional models. With its high resolutions in the horizontal (12.5 km) and the vertical (20 layers),
the model is used to investigate the vertical distributions of tidal current. Four vertical eddy viscosity models are used
in the numerical experiments. As the tidal current becomes strong, its vertical shear becomes large and its vertical profile
becomes sensitive to the vertical eddy viscosity. As a conclusion, the HU (a) model (Davieset al., 1997), which relates the vertical eddy viscosity to the water depth and depth mean velocity, gives the closest results to
the observed data. The reproduction of the amphidromic point of M2 tide in Liaodong Bay is discussed and it is concluded that it depends on the bottom friction stress. The model reproduces
a unique vertical profile of tidal current in the Yellow Sea, which is also found in the observed data. The reason for the
reproduction of such a unique profile in the model is investigated. 相似文献
12.
Empirical formulas have been developed to calculate the fractional bed-load and suspended-load transport rates and near-bed suspended-load concentration under non-breaking waves and currents for coastal applications. The formulas relate the bed-load transport rate to the grain shear stress, the suspended-load transport rate to the energy of the flow system, and the near-bed suspended-load concentration to the bed-load transport rate, velocity and layer thickness. Adequate methods are adopted to determine the bed shear stress due to coexisted waves and currents. The hiding and exposure mechanism in nonuniform bed material is considered through a correction factor that is related to the hiding and exposure probabilities and in turn the size composition of bed material. The developed formulas have been tested using a large database of single-sized sediment transport and several sets of multiple-sized sediment transport data collected from literature, and compared with several existing formulas. The developed formulas can provide reasonably good predictions for the test cases. 相似文献
13.
夏季北黄海南部定点高分辨率实测海流分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
对夏季北黄海南部一定点高分辨率连续ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)海流实测资料,使用调和分析方法分解成3部分:不随时间变化的定常余流,周期性潮流和剩余流,再将潮流分解为正压潮流和斜压潮流。通过对实测海流中各组分的分析,结合同时期卫星反演海面风场资料,温度、盐度断面调查资料,得到以下结论:夏季该站点上层定常余流的主导动力控制因素是风应力,上层表现出明显的Ekman风海流特征,中、下层流速方向与表层流向基本成反向,体现出"上进下出"的垂向空间结构,定常流速最大位于近表层,可以达到5cm/s以上;各层的潮流类型均为正规半日潮流,主要半日潮潮流椭圆长轴的方向基本上呈东南-西北方向,其椭率在近底层达到最大值,中、上层较小;从能量角度分析该站点各海流组分,潮流与剩余流所占能量较大,平均起来看,潮流能量占测量海流能量的77%,而定常余流仅占0.6%,该点的斜压潮流较弱,平均斜压潮流能量仅占正压潮流能量的5%。 相似文献
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风暴过程中潮滩悬沙浓度和悬沙输运的变化及其动力机制——以长江三角洲南汇潮滩为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
悬沙浓度是淤泥质海岸重要的环境指标。为探讨潮滩悬沙浓度和悬沙输运对风暴事件的响应过程及其动力机制,于2014年9月"凤凰"台风过境前、中、后在长江三角洲南汇潮滩进行了现场观测,获得同步高分辨率的水深、波高、近底流速和浊度剖面时间序列(9个潮周期)。结果表明,风暴中平均和最大波高、波-流联合底床剪切应力、悬沙浓度和悬沙输运率可比平静天气高数倍;风暴期间高潮位低流速阶段悬沙沉降导致近底发育数十厘米厚的浮泥层(悬沙浓度大于10 g/L)。研究认为风暴事件中淤泥质海岸悬沙浓度和悬沙输运的剧烈变化其根本动力机制是风暴把巨大能量传递给近岸水体,进而显著增大波-流联合底床剪切应力,导致细颗粒泥沙再悬浮。 相似文献
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The results of direct numerical simulations of the boundary layer generated at the bottom of a solitary wave are described. The numerical results, which agree with the laboratory measurements of Sumer et al. (2010) show that the flow regime in the boundary layer can be laminar, laminar with coherent vortices and turbulent. The average velocity and bottom shear stress are computed and the results obtained show that the logarithmic law can approximate the velocity profile only in a restricted range of the parameters and at particular phases of the wave cycle. Moreover, the maximum value of the bottom shear stress is found to depend on the dimensionless wave height only, while the minimum (negative) value depends also on the dimensionless boundary layer thickness. Diagrams and simple formulae are proposed to evaluate the minimum and maximum bottom shear stresses and their phase shift with respect to the wave crest. 相似文献
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The abandoned Yellow River Delta coast is a typical erodible silty and muddy coast in China. The paper analyses the marine dynamic characteristics and the mechanism of beach erosion of this area. Analysis and calculation show that in this sea area wave and tidal current action should be considered. Based on the above analysis, an equilibrium beach profile calculation model is developed, in which the wave-current interaction is considered while sediment supply and sediment re-deposition are neglected. The model consists of four parts: (1) calculation of wave parameters, (2) calculation of velocity due to wave-current interaction at different water depth, (3) calculation of friction velocity and shear stress at different water depths, and (4) calculation of the amount of sediment erosion, erosion intensity and variation of beach profile. Calculated results are in good agreement with observed data. Finally, the evolution tendency is discussed and the equilibrium beach profile of this coast is calculated. B 相似文献
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近底层悬沙时空变化对于理解河口冲淤变化有着至关重要的作用。然而,长期以来河口近底层水体悬沙浓度的连续变化大都是基于单点观测数据或水样处理获取。基于此,本研究利用光学仪器边界层悬浮物剖面测量仪(Argus Surface Meter IV,ASM-IV)获得长江口南槽近底层进行连续10 d的实测数据,探讨ASM-IV仪器监测悬沙浓度精度的有效性。结果表明:(1)传统仪器布设方法所获取的数据,相对误差高于基于ASM-IV所测误差,在大、中及小潮期间的平均误差值分别为24.15%、17.31%和16.18%;越靠近底部河床,相对误差从距底52 cm向下随距底距离的减小而逐渐增大;(2)对于近底层单宽悬沙通量测量结果而言,传统测量仪器布设方法所测量数值一般偏小;(3)大潮时期近底层1 m内的水体悬沙分布均匀,分层不明显;在中、小潮时期,与近底层1 m内平均悬沙浓度相差最大的点皆位于距底20~50 cm附近。因而,近底层悬沙浓度测量时间在大潮时期或越靠近底层,利用ASM-IV监测近底层悬沙浓度值更为准确。中、小潮时期利用单点或采集水样测量时,选取0.8H层水体悬沙浓度代替近底层悬沙浓度较最底部水体悬沙浓度更为准确。 相似文献
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本文通过假定底边界层湍黏性的三次多项式参数化形式,基于简化的Navier–Stokes方程,并利用超几何方程的性质,推导出了湍流粗糙底边界层的速度解析解。同时,得到了底边界层内其他的动力参数,如底剪应力、Ekman传输、Ekman抽吸及近底部速度分布场,从理论上讨论了均匀混合底边界层特征量分布特征。通过数值结果分析,进一步得出底边界层的总速度、亏损速度及其剪应力受平均流的角频率和地球自转影响比较大;而底边界层的动力结构对于底边界层顶部粗糙度不敏感。该涡黏性模式从理论上丰富了底边界层涡黏性的形式,为底边界层的动力系统研究提供了借鉴和理论参考。 相似文献
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长江口浑浊带核心区北槽水动力特征研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
本文根据2015年长江口洪季浑浊带水域座底三脚架全水深范围观测数据,对北槽中下段纵横向流、余流结构、边界层特征等进行了深入研究,结果显示:（1）大潮潮流矢量特征在垂向上的变化差异最为显著;北槽中下段水流出现明显的横向输移,指向航槽北面;（2）横向流速在大潮期间的变化（垂线平均）为-0.10~0.39 m/s,小潮期间的变化为-0.13~0.25 m/s;横向平流对于北槽纵向物质输运有显著调整作用;（3）余流垂向差异大,底部几乎为0,小潮期间余流更强;周期性再悬浮的细颗粒泥沙可作为北槽最大浑浊带的重要物质来源;（4）传统六点对数流速拟合法获得摩阻流速误差较大,近底1 m区域高分辨流速剖面是准确获取底边界层参数的有效途径。 相似文献
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Water motion in estuarine waters is the result of the action of various dynamic factors. Firstly, based on the hydro-dynamic characteristics in estuarine waters, neglecting the nonlinear effects of various flow hydrodynamic factors, the logarithm velocity profile of tidal current and the cubic velocity profile of Hansen and Rattray (1965) made for linear superposition at a sense of first order, a new model for velocity profile in estuarine waters is established. Then, by introducing the least square method combination of enumeration, the velocity profile data of wind-driven current measured in the laboratory and that observed at the North and the South Branches of the Yangtze Estuary are verified and compared with other formulas, all with satisfactory results. The results show that the new model not only considers the influences of various dynamic factors, such as tide, wind force, run-off and density pressure with high accuracy, but also provides reasonable boundary conditions on the bottom for hydrodynamics numerical simulation in estuarine waters. Thereby, the accuracy and credibility of numerical computation and prediction of water flow are improved. The research is theoretically important for the estuarine hydrodynamics. 相似文献