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1.
含粘滞的弱磁化吸积盘的非轴对称脉动不稳定性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文讨论了一种含扩散型粘滞的弱磁化等温吸积盘模型．在作者原有工作的基础上研究了吸积盘对非轴对称扰动（含径向、环向和垂向三个方向的扰动）所表现的脉动不稳定性．结果表明，径向扰动是最重要、最根本的扰动：在无径向扰动时，吸积盘中不存在环向扰动与垂向扰动所产生的脉动不稳定性．在径向扰动存在时，吸积盘除了可能存在纯径向脉动不稳定性外，还可能存在由于径向扰动与垂向扰动的耦合所引起的轴对称脉动不稳定性，以及由于径向扰动与环向扰动的耦合所引起的非轴对称脉动不稳定性．当上述三个方向的扰动并存时，对应的非轴对称脉动不稳定性也可能存在． 相似文献
2.
在吸积盘内由于吸积物质的径向运动，盘内物质间沿径向的粘滞力将会对盘的性质产生一定影响．本文计算了等温吸积盘中（考虑径向粘滞力）的不稳定性问题，对所求得的色散方程的分析表明，径向粘滞力将使吸积盘趋向稳定。本文还对径向粘滞力对盘的稳定性的影响作了物理解释，并发现径向粘滞力的引入不会引入新的稳定或不稳定模式。 相似文献
3.
胡文瑞 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1984,(3)
本文分析中子星的吸积流动,其中磁轴与自转轴重合.吸积盘内缘区域的波阻将使盘内的角速度偏离开普勒速度而减小,引力势能使流体加热和加速.吸积盘中有两类流动.完全亚声速流动的引力势能主要使吸积流加热.另一种流动有跨声速过渡和激波.这两种流动都表明,吸积盘的高温区域都位于过渡区中,而外部区域中气体温度不高.还计算了中子星磁层中的吸积流动.在极区距几个中子星半径处,气体被急剧加热,产生X射线辐射,形成热斑.这些结果与中子星吸积流动的主要特征一致. 相似文献
4.
为了解释日冕中高能电子束和太阳耀斑中的快速过程,本文提出在活动区双极黑子上空存在一个准开放磁场线区域的定性模型。如图1所示,准开放磁场线区域被确定在开放磁场线下面和耀斑环顶部之间。 由于那里的快速磁重联或撕裂、爆炸式的能量释放引起了区域性的等离子体加速。那些被加速到10—100keV的高能电子束沿着开放的磁场线从太阳大气等离子体逃逸到行星际等离子体中。在每个连续的高度上将产生朗缪尔波等离子体辐射。朗缪尔波同低 相似文献
5.
脉动变星中的湍动对流的统计理论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了湍动对流的动力学过程.从统一的关联函数的动力学方程出发,同时得到了变星脉动速度场下,对流的定常分量和脉动分量.主要结果可归结如下:(1)对于定常对流,维滕斯的混合长理论和奥比克的元胞对流公式,均可视为我们统计理论的特殊情况.(2)考虑到湍动对流建立的动力学过程,与似稳流场的混合长理论相比,湍动对流脉动分量的振幅减小了,并且出现一个相位滞后.(3)讨论了湍动对流对变星脉动稳定性的影响,它表明:a)在丰富元素的电离区之下,湍动能对流(热对流加机械能流)的直接作用是促使脉动不稳定;而在丰富元素的电离区,对流传能起稳定性作用.b)湍流粘滞性永远起阻尼作用;而在准绝热脉动区,湍流压起退稳定的作用.c)分子应力(气体压加分子粘滞应力)对湍流作功项对变星脉动稳定性的作用,正好同湍流雷诺应力的作用相反.辐射传能和湍动对流的综合作用,可以解释“造父型”变星脉动不稳定区红端边界和晚型红巨星及超巨星的光度变化. 相似文献
6.
本文对等离子体天体物理中的弱及强湍动进行评述,并强调了等离子体的基本相互作用。 弱湍动的主要课题是波—波、波—粒子间的非线性相互作用;相互作用的动力学方程组可用半经典方法导出。讨论了如下重要课题:弱非均匀性介质中波的传播方程,湍动加速和磁发电机制。 分析了控制强湍动现象的查哈罗夫方程。讨论了一些天体物理中的重要问题,例如宇宙天体中自生磁场、电双层、孤波加速、辐射以及爆发等等。 相似文献
7.
采用含有频率涨落噪声和指数形式关联随机力作用的广义朗之万(Langevin)方程模型描述黑洞吸积盘的垂向振荡,推导出吸积盘随机振荡光度功率谱密度的解析表达式,并讨论了系统参数对功率谱密度中低频准周期振荡(Low Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations,LFQPOs)现象的影响。研究结果发现选取合适的系统参数时,功率谱密度曲线上出现了一个基频和一个二次谐频的共振双峰低频准周期振荡,基频峰对应的中心频率为吸积盘振荡的特征频率;随机力关联时间决定了基频峰的高度和宽度,频率噪声强度和粘滞阻尼只对二次谐频峰产生影响。结果说明吸积盘的随机振荡模型可以作为低频准周期振荡起源的一种解释。 相似文献
8.
本文在中子星吸积彗星云模型的基础上,认为软重爆GB790107起源于弱磁化(B～10~8G)中子星,其阵雨式地吸积彗星云将在中子星表面形成一光厚辐射区,该辐射区的温度分布由激波模型确定.这一辐射区中的高温等离子体产生的黑体辐射将很好地拟合GB790107的观测能谱,且获得爆源距离为(1.35～13.5)pc. 相似文献
9.
黑洞的吸积是天体物理学中最重要的基础理论之一。近年来该理论取得了引人瞩目的重大进展,具体表现在两个方面。其一是根据黑洞吸积必定跨声速这一特性,提出在一定条件下吸积流中会出现激波,这可称为含激波的吸积理论;其二是基于对一种局域致冷机制-贮导（advection）致冷的作用的重新认识而建立的,称为ADAF理论。在吸积盘的光学厚度很小或很大两种情况下,粘滞产生的大部分热量没有像在标准薄盘模型中那样辐射出去,而是贮存在流体中随流体的径向运动进入黑洞。与标准薄盘模型相比,贮导吸积盘具有高得多的温度和大得多的径向速度,但角动量小于开普勒角动量,吸积致能的效率要低得多。 相似文献
10.
本文提出了一种IV_(dm)型爆发的非线性散射机制和其频谱的理论计算方法.假设被捕在磁镜(IV_(dm)爆发源)的非热电子是由损失锥间隙分布所组成.非热电子(E≈500keV)激发等离子体波,经离子上的非线性散射而转换成Iv_(dm)爆发的横波.理论计算的频谱与观测符合较好,两者比较得到非热电子在源中随高度的分布以及总的IV_(dm)爆发源中的非热电子数为10~(32).另外,朗谬尔波对背景热电子有加速作用,计算v≈24vf_e的一个热电子可加速到约6MeV.可见朗谬尔湍动对电子加速是很有效的. 相似文献
11.
本文采用微扰方法导出色散方程，并在四种情况下详细讨论了薄吸积盘的不稳定性。结果表明：在纯粘滞和纯磁场盘中都存在脉动不稳定性。而且在吸积盘内同时考虑粘滞和磁场时，存在两种不稳定性，一种是脉动不稳定性，另一种是单调不稳定性。同时数值计算还表明，脉动不稳定性更可能存在于盘的内区，而单调不稳定性则只在盘的外区，对短波扰动才有意义。这些结果为解释ＢＬＬａｃ天体、Ｓｅｙｆｅｒｔ星系及类星体等活动星系核的光变现象进一步提供了理论依据。 相似文献
12.
The standard thin accretion disk model predicts that the inner regions of alpha model disks, where radiation pressure is dominant, are thermally and viscously unstable. However, observations show that the bright X-ray binaries and AGN accretion disks, corresponding to radiation-pressure thin disks, are stable. In this paper, we reconsider the linear and local instability of accretion disks in the presence of a toroidal magnetic field. In the basic equations, we consider physical quantities such as advection, thermal conduction, arbitrary viscosity, and an arbitrary cooling function also. A fifth order diffusion equation is obtained and is solved numerically. The solutions are compared to non-magnetic cases. The results show that the toroidal magnetic field can make the thermal instability in radiation pressure-dominated slim disks disappear if ? m ≥0.3. However, it causes a more thermal instability in radiation pressure alpha disks without advection. Also, we consider the thermal instability in accretion disks with other values of the viscosity and obtain a general criterion for thermal instability in the long-wavelength limit and in the presence of a toroidal magnetic field. 相似文献
13.
14.
Damineli A Kaufer A Wolf B Stahl O Lopes DF de Araújo FX 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,536(2):L101-L104
Gas giant planets have been detected in orbit around an increasing number of nearby stars. Two theories have been advanced for the formation of such planets: core accretion and disk instability. Core accretion, the generally accepted mechanism, requires several million years or more to form a gas giant planet in a protoplanetary disk like the solar nebula. Disk instability, on the other hand, can form a gas giant protoplanet in a few hundred years. However, disk instability has previously been thought to be important only in relatively massive disks. New three-dimensional, "locally isothermal," hydrodynamical models without velocity damping show that a disk instability can form Jupiter-mass clumps, even in a disk with a mass (0.091 M middle dot in circle within 20 AU) low enough to be in the range inferred for the solar nebula. The clumps form with initially eccentric orbits, and their survival will depend on their ability to contract to higher densities before they can be tidally disrupted at successive periastrons. Because the disk mass in these models is comparable to that apparently required for the core accretion mechanism to operate, the models imply that disk instability could obviate the core accretion mechanism in the solar nebula and elsewhere. 相似文献
15.
S. Mineshige 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,210(1-2):83-103
Basic properties of accretion disk instabilities are summarized. We first explain the standard disk model by Shakura and Sunyaev. In this model, the dominant sources of viscosity are assumed to be chaotic magnetic fields and turbulence in gas flow, and the magnitude of viscosity is prescribed by so-called model. It is then possible to build a particular disk model. In the framework of the standard model, accretion disks are stationary, but when some of the basic assumptions are relaxed, various kinds of instabilities appear. In particular, we focus on the thermal limit-cycle instability caused by partial ionization of hydrogen (and helium). We demonstrate that the disk instability model well accounts for the basic observed features of outbursts of dwarf novae and X-ray nova. We then introduce other kinds of instabilities based on the viscosity model. They are suspected to produce time variabilities observed on a wide range of timescales in close binaries and active galactic nuclei. 相似文献
16.
The normal mode oscillations of thin accretion disks around black holes and other compact objects are analyzed and contrasted with those in stars. For black holes, the most robust modes are gravitationally trapped near the radius at which the radial epicyclic frequency is maximum. Their eigenfrequencies depend mainly on the mass and angular momentum of the black hole. The fundamental g-mode has recently been seen in numerical simulations of black hole accretion disks. For stars such as white dwarfs, the modes are trapped near the inner boundary (magnetospheric or stellar) of the accretion disk. Their eigenfrequencies are approximately multiples of the (Keplerian) angular velocity of the inner edge of the disk. The relevance of these modes to the high frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the power spectra of accreting binaries will be discussed. In contrast to most stellar oscillations, most of these modes are unstable in the presence of viscosity (if the turbulent viscosity induced by the magnetorotational instability acts hydrodynamically). 相似文献
17.
The standard thin accretion disk model can explain the soft X-ray spectra of Galactic black hole systems and AGN successfully. However, there are still a few observational documents for Radiation pressure theory in X-ray novae in black hole binary systems and AGN. The luminosity in accretion onto black holes is corresponds to L>0.01L E . According to standard thin disk model, when the accretion rate is over a small fraction of the Eddington rate, L>0.01L E , the inner region of the disk is radiation-pressure-dominated and thermally unstable. However, observations of the high/soft state of black hole X-ray binaries with luminosity within (0.01L E <L<0.5L E ) show that the disk is quite stable. Thus, this contradiction shows the objection of this model and maybe it is essential to change the standard viscosity law or one of the other basic assumptions in order to get a stable disk models. In this paper, we revisit and recalculate the thermal instability with a different models of viscosity and cooling functions and show that the choosing of an arbitrary cooling and viscosity functions can affect on the stability of a general disk model and hence maybe answer to a this problem in accretion disk theory. We choose an arbitrary functions of surface density Σ and half thickness of disk H for cooling and viscosity. Also, we discuss a general disk with thermal conduction, radial force and advection. Then, we solve the equations numerically. We obtain a fourth degree dispersions relation and discuss solutions and instability modes. This analysis shows the great sensitivity of stability of disk to the form of viscosity, so there are various effective factors to stabilize the disk. For example the exist of advection and thermal conduction can effect to stability of disks also. 相似文献
18.
An analysis is presented of the hydrodynamic aspects of the growth of protostellar disks from the accretion (or collapse) of a rotating gas cloud. The size, mass, and radiative properties of protostellar disks are determined by the distribution of mass and angular momentum in the clouds from which they are formed, as well as from the dissipative processes within the disks themselves. The angular momentum of the infalling cloud is redistributed by the action of turbulent viscosity on a shear layer near the surface of the disk (downstream of the accretion shock) and on the radial shear across cylindrical surfaces parallel to the rotation axis. The fraction of gas that is fed into a central core (protostar) during accretion depends on the ratio of the rate of viscous diffusion of angular momentum to the accretion rate; rapid viscous diffusion (or a low accretion rate) promotes a large core-to-disk mass ratio. The continuum radiation spectrum of a highly viscous disk is similar to that of a steady-state accretion disk without mass addition. It is possible to construct models of the primitive solar nebula as an accretion disk, formed by the collapse of a slowly rotating protostellar cloud, and containing the minimum mass required to account for the planets. Other models with more massive disks are also possible. 相似文献
19.
含粘滞性弱磁化吸积盘的轴对称脉动不稳定性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文讨论了一种含扩散型粘滞的弱磁化等温吸积盘模型，在此模型中研究了扩散型粘滞、垂向磁场Bz和环向磁场B对轴对称脉动不稳定性的影响．结果表明，对于轴对称扰动，一般情况下盘内存在四种轴对称振荡模式．其中二种模式是脉动不稳定的，粘滞和磁场对它们表现为非稳因素；而另外二种模式是稳定的，粘滞和磁场对它们表现为致稳因素．此外我们还注意到，Bz和B主要影响近轴向的脉动不稳定性，扩散型弱粘滞主要影响径向脉动不稳定性． 相似文献