共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
地形辐射效应参数化对海南岛海风环流结构和云水分布模拟的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
采用非静力中尺度模式WRF研究地形辐射效应参数化对海南岛2012年7月5日多云天气条件下的海风环流结构和云水分布模拟的影响, 并分析了差异产生的可能原因。地形辐射效应是考虑坡地辐射强迫后, 辐射与大气中的各种气体、云以及非均匀下垫面间相互反馈的累积效应。其中地形辐射效应参数化的使用使得温度的模拟更接近实际, 对水汽的模拟也有一定改进能力, 对风速、风向的改进效果不明显。考虑地形辐射效应后, 海风的发生发展演变过程及风场的水平分布无显著变化, 但局地海风以及海风对流云的位置和强度有较明显的改变。山区四周的海风环流结构和对流云的变化与坡地辐射强迫直接相关, 考虑地形辐射效应后, 山坡向阳面的海风有所增强, 背阳面的海风减弱; 向阳坡谷风减弱, 背阳坡谷风增强; 同时紧临海岸的山坡对海风的影响与岛上山坡对谷风的作用类似。平坦地区的海风环流和海风对流云总体上有所减弱, 其变化原因比较复杂。各向海风的强度变化最终会改变海风辐合线的分布, 使海风潜在降水区域发生变化。 相似文献
2.
以地表能量收支平衡方程为基础，将地表通量同近地层内的常规气象资料联系起来，模式要求输入地面风速、温度和总云量等常规气象观测资料，输出近地层的湍流特征参数U* 、θ* 、L和参数化的地表通量（净辐射、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量），澳大利亚Wangara试验资料被用来检验了该模式。计算结果和实际资料吻合较好。 相似文献
3.
风能始源于大气的运动,具有很大的随机性和间歇性。风速预测是风电场风功率预测的基础,其准确性具有重要的意义。对于复杂地形条件下,风速的预报一直是各国研究的难点和重点。为了提高风电场短期风速预报的准确性,本研究采用多种边界层参数化方案来集成预报风速,将各单一边界层参数化方案预报的风速及相应的实测风速数据,应用随机森林算法建立集成预报模型,对风电场的短期风速进行集成预报研究。试验结果表明,采用集成预报风速方法,预报的风速误差相比于单一边界层参数化方案预报的风速误差明显减小,对研究区域的风速、风向等气象要素有着较好的模拟效果,能够有效提高风速预报的准确率。 相似文献
4.
B. Holmén D. Miller A. Hiscox W. Yang J. Wang T. Sammis R. Bottoms 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,59(2):117-134
Particulate matter emissions generated by agricultural field preparation and harvesting operations were measured remotely
via aerosol lidar and sampled simultaneously with a variety of aerosol point samplers in order to quantify dust plume space
and time dynamics and particulate mass and number concentrations. Data for two cotton operations (disking, harvesting) in
a flood-irrigated field in New Mexico are presented. Dust plume dynamics varied with boundary layer meteorological conditions,
especially atmospheric stability, with plume maximum height significantly lower under stable conditions. Plume tracking indicated
little change in plume area with height under unstable conditions and plume movement depended on wind speed and direction.
Particle mass distributions indicate approximately 50% of the measured PM10 mass was PM2.5, significantly higher than previously reported values, possibly due to the near-source nature of the samples collected here.
Variability in plume movement matched the variability in short-term wind fluctuations and this variability helps explain why
models that utilize long-term averages perform poorly when trying to capture plume dynamics for nonsteady sources such as
tractor operations. 相似文献
5.
气象预报是影响大气重污染预报精度的关键所在。针对2016年12月16～21日北京市一次重污染过程,开展了中尺度气象模式WRF的参数化方案配置敏感性试验。对微物理过程、长波辐射过程、短波辐射过程、陆面过程、边界层过程、近地面过程以及积云对流参数化过程进行组合优选,共设计51组参数化方案组合,分析不同模拟方案下北京市8个气象站点温度、相对湿度、10 m风速的模拟精度及其敏感性。试验结果表明:温度模拟对长波过程参数化方案最为敏感,集合离散度达2.4～7.4°C,再次是短波过程参数化方案;相对湿度模拟也对长波过程参数化方案最敏感,再次是陆面过程;风速模拟对不同过程参数化方案的敏感性程度差异不大。通过模拟结果与观测的统计对比,优选出模拟误差最小的方案组合为Lin微物理方案、RRTMG长波方案、RRTMG短波方案、Tiedtke积云对流方案、Noah陆面方案、MYNN 3rd边界层方案和MYNN近地面方案,并将其与集合平均、基准方案进行对比。对于集合平均来说,其温度模拟与观测相关系数为0.69,高于基准方案,其模拟偏差与均方根误差比基准方案低25%和11%;集合平均的相对湿度和风速模拟相比基准方案变化较小。与集合平均相比,优选方案能同时改进温度、相对湿度和风速模拟,使温度模拟偏差和均方根误差比基准方案下降35%和17%,使相对湿度模拟偏差和均方根误差下降43%和13%,使风速模拟偏差和均方根误差下降33%和24%。以上结果表明,参数化方案的敏感性试验和优选能显著减小重污染期间气象要素的模拟误差,重污染预报改进需重点关注参数化方案模拟上的不确定性。本研究也发现MYNN3rd边界层方案在这次重污染过程的气象要素模拟上具有良好性能,可为未来重污染预报改进提供参考。 相似文献
6.
M. A. Novitskii L. M. Khachaturova L. K. Kulizhnikova M. K. Matskevich 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2007,32(3):168-175
On the basis of wind direction measurements with 1-s discreteness at the meteorological tower VMM-310 in the town of Obninsk, maximum fluctuations of wind direction are obtained with 10-s averaging over limited time intervals that correspond to the transport of pollutant puffs at distances about 10 km from the source at altitudes up to 300 m. Average values of maximum fluctuations of wind direction decrease with increasing wind speed, level of measurements, and stratification stability. Examples are presented of distributions of maximum fluctuations of wind direction as dependent of these factors. Parameters are given of distributions of maximum fluctuations of wind direction at six levels under different wind speeds and different atmospheric stability. The empirical distributions are approximated by Weibull distribution, and parameters of the latter are presented for separate levels. The results obtained can be used for estimation of an angular size of an area of possible pollution under different conditions of atmospheric stratification, wind speed, and levels of transport of an instantaneous puff of pollutants for the pollutant cloud motion up to a distance of 10 km from the source. 相似文献
7.
8.
在探讨各类气象要素与通用机场选址联系的基础上,对西北地区通用机场选址气候论证中关键气象评估指标及其重要程度进行了分析研究,并利用2000-2009年平罗气象站和2011-2012年沙湖机场临时气象站观测资料,采用统计诊断分析方法对石嘴山沙湖通用机场场址的气象条件进行了分析评估。研究结果表明：风速、风向,能见度,天空云量、云状、云高等是西北通用机场选址需要重点考虑的气象要素。根据气象要素在通用机场选址中所起的功用和重要程度,西北通用机场选址气象评估指标大致可以划分为6大类。其中,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类指标是场址能否建设通用机场的决定性关键气象指标;Ⅳ、Ⅴ类指标是评估机场场址未来运行效率、工程设计、投资成本的重要参考指标;Ⅵ类指标主要用于特殊场址评估。石嘴山沙湖机场场址区域全年盛行风向明显,风速以低风速为主,大风天气少,能见度状况优良,雷暴、冰雹和沙尘暴等恶劣天气少,天空低云少,且低云中层积云、积雨云和碎积云所占比例低,月降水少,最大温差变幅小,具备作为通用机场场址的良好气象条件。 相似文献
9.
选取南昌经济技术开发区规划大气环境影响预测工作为案例,分析了当选取不同气象参证站,输入同期两套不同的气象数据参数对AERMOD模型计算结果的影响,探究气象条件的差异对大气扩散的影响程度。分析结果表明,气象参证站的选取对大气环境影响预测的结果有较大的影响,使用两个距离相近的地面气象站进行预测,污染物浓度计算结果相差可达数倍以上。对比风速、风向、气温、湿度、压力、云量这些单个的气象因子,稳定边界层(SBL)湍流高度和莫宁-奥布霍夫长度这些边界层参数更能综合地反映当时的气象扩散条件,对污染扩散模型的响应更为直接。翔实的有代表性的气象数据是环境影响评价至关重要的基础。在日常的大气环境影响评价中,应全面调查了解项目周边的地面气象站的数量、类型、距离、地形特征,经过专业的气象分析,选取最能代表评价项目所在地气象条件的气象站作为气象参证站,用于该项目的环评和浓度预测。各地气象部门还应加强城市与郊区大气边界层垂直结构变化规律的观测与研究,从而为提高各地空气质量预报的精度,改善大气污染治理措施和优化城市布局提供更为科学的依据。 相似文献
10.
Abstract Fog, cloud, and precipitation caused by the petrochemical plants in Edmonton, Canada, were studied on some of the coldest days of four winters. Typical morning temperatures were between –15 and –40° C. The investigation includes a comprehensive heat and vapour emission inventory, field studies of the local cloud physics, and observations of plume cloud dispersal and precipitation formation. Five field trips are discussed in detail. The emission inventory indicated that the petrochemical plants released heat and vapour at a rate comparable to that of the city of a half million people. Thermal circulations in the industrial area were substantial but they were not strong enough to prevent some restriction of visibility when temperatures fell below –25° C, and an area‐wide restriction of visibility as deep ice fog set in at temperatures below –35°C. Widespread cloudiness caused by plant plumes was found to be caused by the combined influence of low temperatures and low wind speeds. Snowfall rates were generally very light but when meteorological conditions were right, the snowfall reduced visibility locally to 100 m and made roadways slippery. 相似文献
11.
Sensitivity of physical parameterizations on prediction of tropical cyclone Nargis over the Bay of Bengal using WRF model 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
P. V. S. Raju Jayaraman Potty U. C. Mohanty 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2011,113(3-4):125-137
Comprehensive sensitivity analyses on physical parameterization schemes of Weather Research Forecast (WRF-ARW core) model have been carried out for the prediction of track and intensity of tropical cyclones by taking the example of cyclone Nargis, which formed over the Bay of Bengal and hit Myanmar on 02 May 2008, causing widespread damages in terms of human and economic losses. The model performances are also evaluated with different initial conditions of 12?h intervals starting from the cyclogenesis to the near landfall time. The initial and boundary conditions for all the model simulations are drawn from the global operational analysis and forecast products of National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP-GFS) available for the public at 1° lon/lat resolution. The results of the sensitivity analyses indicate that a combination of non-local parabolic type exchange coefficient PBL scheme of Yonsei University (YSU), deep and shallow convection scheme with mass flux approach for cumulus parameterization (Kain-Fritsch), and NCEP operational cloud microphysics scheme with diagnostic mixed phase processes (Ferrier), predicts better track and intensity as compared against the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimates. Further, the final choice of the physical parameterization schemes selected from the above sensitivity experiments is used for model integration with different initial conditions. The results reveal that the cyclone track, intensity and time of landfall are well simulated by the model with an average intensity error of about 8?hPa, maximum wind error of 12?m?s?1and track error of 77?km. The simulations also show that the landfall time error and intensity error are decreasing with delayed initial condition, suggesting that the model forecast is more dependable when the cyclone approaches the coast. The distribution and intensity of rainfall are also well simulated by the model and comparable with the TRMM estimates. 相似文献
12.
13.
The impact of different cloud microphysics parameterization schemes on the intensity and structure of the
Super-strong Typhoon Rammasun (1409) in 2014 is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model
version 3.4 with eight cloud microphysics parameterization schemes. Results indicate that the uncertainty of cloud
microphysics schemes results in typhoon forecast uncertainties, which increase with forecast time. Typhoon forecast
uncertainty primarily affects intensity predictions, with significant differences in predicted typhoon intensity using the
various cloud microphysics schemes. Typhoon forecast uncertainty also affects the predicted typhoon structure.
Greater typhoon intensity is accompanied by smaller vortex width, tighter vortex structure, stronger wind in the
middle and lower troposphere, greater height of the strong wind region, smaller thickness of the eyewall and the
outward extension of the eyewall, and a warmer warm core at upper levels of the eye. The differences among the
various cloud microphysics schemes lead to the different amounts and distributions of water vapor and hydrometeors
in clouds. Different hydrometeors have different vertical distributions. In the radial direction, the maxima for the
various hydrometeors forecast by a single cloud microphysics scheme are collocated with each other and with the
center of maximum precipitation. When the hydrometeor concentration is high and hydrometeors exist at lower
altitudes, more precipitation often occurs. Both the vertical and horizontal winds are the strongest at the location of
maximum precipitation. Results also indicate that typhoon intensities forecast by cloud microphysics schemes
containing graupel processes are noticeably greater than those forecast by schemes without graupel processes. Among
the eight cloud microphysics schemes investigated, typhoon intensity forecasts using the WRF Single-Moment 6-class
and Thompson schemes are the most accurate. 相似文献
14.
N. Mölders 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1999,71(3-4):205-228
Summary Simulations alternatively assuming a real landscape with and without open-pit mines and grown settlements were performed
with a non-hydrostatic meteorological model of the meso-β-scale to elucidate whether the atmospheric response to such land-use
changes is sensitive to the direction and magnitude of geostrophic wind. The results of simulations with the same geostrophic
wind conditions substantiate that the daily domain-averages of the variables of state hardly differ for the different landscape
realizations, except for cloud- and precipitating particles. However, land-use changes may significantly affect the local
conditions over and downwind of the altered surfaces. The significant differences in the cloud- and precipitating particles,
however, are not bound to the surroundings of land-use changes. The vertical component of wind vector, which is modified by
the different heating of converted land-use, strongly affects cloud- and precipitation formation by the interaction cloud
microphysics-dynamics. The magnitude of atmospheric response changes under the various directions and speeds of geostrophic
wind for most of the field quantities and fluxes.
Received February 10, 1999 相似文献
15.
红外云图的参数化及其与局地降雨的关系探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从大气探测原理和大气物理的基本概念出发,将地面气象观测资料与红外卫星云图相结合进行参数化估计,得到一些参数化估计结果。初步分析表明,这些参数化估计值与局地降雨有较好的相关关系。 相似文献
16.
O. I. Akhmetov M. I. Beloglazov Yu. V. Fedorenko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(5):327-332
According to results of observations at Apatity station in the end of summer-beginning of autumn of the year 2006, investigations
of aeroelectric characteristics of the surface layer of atmosphere for various meteorological conditions are carried out to
find out the spatial structure of atmospheric currents. Horizontal scales of aeroelectric heterogeneities at the wind speed
of 2–6 m/s are evaluated using statistical methods. It is shown that the distribution function of raindrop charges is constant
for one rain cloud during time interval of about 20 min, but can considerably vary from one cloud to another. 相似文献
17.
Summary We consider the wind climatology of the Adriatic Sea derived from three different sources: an operational meteorological
model, a simplified wind model, and traditional ship reports. The simplified wind model is found to provide reliable results
in storm conditions, but it partly smoothes the fields when the meteorological pattern is not well defined and fairly uniform
at the basin scale.
The ship reports show a strong evident bias towards low values. This is partly interpreted as a tendency for ships to avoid
rough weather and not to report in these types of conditions. A second reason is a bias present in the transfer from the Beaufort
to the metric scale.
The best results are provided by the operational meteorological model, after its results have been corrected for a bias in
wind speed, associated with the resolution of the model with respect to the dimensions of the basin under study.
Received October 23, 1997 Revised August 10, 1998 相似文献
18.
Based on the simulations with a 3-D large-eddy simulation model of marine cloud-topped boundary layer that includes explicit cloud physics formulation, we have evaluated the effect of spatial inhomogeneities in cloud macro- and microstructure on the performance of parameterizations of optical depth commonly used in large-scale models. We have shown that an accurate parameterization of the grid average optical depth alone is not sufficient for correct determination of cloud transmittance to solar radiation due to the non-linear dependence between these two variables.The problem can be solved by introducing the “equivalent” value of optical depth that differs from the ordinarily defined mean optical depth by a factor αt, that depends on the degree of cloud inhomogeneity and ranges from about 2 in the cumulus case to about 1.3 in the stratiform case.The accuracy of cloud optical depth parameterizations commonly employed in largescale models has been evaluated using the data from the explicit microphysical model as a benchmark for comparison. It has been shown that in the cumulus cloud case the parameterized expressions can err by as much as 100%. The error is smaller for more uniform stratiform clouds, where the error for some parameterizations varied in the 10–40% range. The best results are given by parameterizations that account for vertical stratification of parameters on which they are based. However, the error given by a particular parameterization varies and is different at cloud and surface levels. The results show the limitations of the existing simplified parameterizations and illustrate the scope and complexity of the cloud radiation parameterization problem. 相似文献
19.
永暑礁夏季风期间海气要素的谱特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过南沙群岛永暑礁海洋气象观测站1989年夏季（5—8月）的海气要素功率谱和交叉谱分析，得出气象要素变化普遍存在30—40天和15.38天两种低频波；对于这两种低频波，海平面气压与海面风速两要素有显著的相关，风速的变化落后于气压0.34天（30—40天振荡）和0.68天（准双周振荡）；低云量与风速也有显著的相关，30—40天振荡风速落后于低云量0.86天，准双周振荡风速超前于云量0.37天。表层水温也具有准双周振荡规律，与低云量有显著相关，且落后低云量0.47天。 相似文献
20.
中尺度气象模式对风场的预报效果与参数化方案的适应性紧密相关.以内蒙古高原丘陵地形、江苏平缓的海陆交界地形2种典型下垫面试验风电场为模拟区域,分别用WRFV3.2 （Weather Research and Forecast Model）模式自带的6种物理过程参数化组合方案预报了2010年1月和7月两个风电场区域的风速和风向,对比分析了参数化组合方案差异对风场预报的影响.结果表明：①内蒙古试验区,边界层MRF方案描述的边界层结构较MYJ方案合理;微物理方案WSM3在夏季的风速预报能力优于WSM6,而冬季相反;复杂地形区域的风场预报需考虑陆面过程参数化方案,尤其是夏季降水发生后,陆面过程对于边界层结构的影响增大,选用Noah优于无陆面过程.②江苏试验区,边界层MRF方案描述的边界层结构较MYJ方案合理;1月陆面过程RUC方案优于陆面热量扩散和Noah;7月陆面热量扩散方案优于RUC和Noah.③风向预报6个方案的预报风向统计与实际记录风向统计有较好的一致性,风向概率分布相似,盛行风向一致且稳定. 相似文献