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The phthalate diesters DEHP and DBP do not induce lauric acid hydroxylase activity in rainbow trout 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aquatic organisms are extensively exposed to phthalate esters. We have investigated in trout the effects of diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes which have been suggested as possible environmental biomarkers. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were waterborne exposed to DEHP (1 mg/l) or DBP (0.1 or 1 mg/l) for 72 h. Another group of rainbow trout received daily for 3 days an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of DEHP or DBP. Laurate hydroxylation, ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylation, UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and glutathione-S-transferase activity were measured in liver and extrahepatic tissues. The phthalate esters have been found not to induce these enzymes; in particular, the results do not support the previously described induction of lauric acid hydroxylase in sea bass treated with DEHP [Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B122 (1999) 253.]. 相似文献
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The impact of quasi-decadal (QD: 8 to 18 years) variability in the tropical Pacific on ENSO events is investigated. It is found that there is a significant difference in the behavior of ENSO events between the phases of positive and negative anomalies of the QD Niño-3.4 index. During the period of negative QD-scale Niño-3.4 index, ENSO events, especially La Niña events, occur more frequently, and larger amplitudes of thermal anomalies related to El Niño events appear over the central to eastern equatorial Pacific. Furthermore, propagations of upper ocean heat content anomaly and a phase relationship between upper ocean heat content and Niño-3 index in the equatorial Pacific, which have been pointed out by previous studies, are clearly detected during the period of negative QD Niño-3.4 index. 相似文献
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海洋一号C（HY-1C）卫星是中国首颗海洋水色业务卫星,其搭载的海岸带成像仪（CZI）在近海海洋环境监测中正发挥越来越重要的作用;随着搭载有相同传感器的HY-1D卫星发射,双星组网观测,可形成3天2次的高频次、大范围对海观测能力,在海洋漂浮藻类、海洋溢油等目标探测方面具备优异的效能。高空间分辨率光学数据中包含了丰富的海洋环境信息,给特定目标的识别提取带来一定干扰。本研究面向HY-1C卫星CZI载荷开展中国近海漂浮藻类识别提取的业务化应用需求,发展基于藻类缩放指数与虚拟基线高度融合的海洋漂浮藻类识别提取算法,算法优选适用于无短波红外波段国产数据的虚拟基线高度指数来增强藻类信号,通过藻类缩放指数滑动窗口运算,有效剔除高空间分辨率光学数据中的复杂干扰信息,实现了基于CZI数据的海洋漂浮藻类高精度提取,且具有较好的计算运行效率。此外,结合准同步高分卫星16 m多光谱数据,开展CZI数据含藻像元的不确定性分析,发现CZI数据反演结果对近海小斑块漂浮藻类存在不可忽视的高估现象。研究还指出,光学数据用于漂浮藻类监测,其不确定性不仅来源于传感器的空间分辨率差异,还与海洋漂浮藻类形态特征的空间分异性有关。明晰海洋漂浮藻类的形态学空间分异特征,将有助于提高光学数据反演结果的精度,并阐明不确定性。 相似文献
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4种酞酸酯在龙须菜-篮子鱼食物链中的积累放大研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在模拟受控条件下,利用气相色谱方法研究分析了4种酞酸酯类化合物在龙须菜(Gracilaria lemane-iformis)-篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)食物链中的积累、分布和放大状况。结果表明,4种酞酸酯在龙须菜组织内的积累表现为:邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)>邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)>邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)。侧链最长的DEHP在龙须菜藻体内的含量随暴露时间的延长呈增加的趋势,30 d体内积累量可达2.35 mg/kg(鲜质量);侧链最短的DMP在龙须菜藻体内的质量比随时间变化差异不显著,约为0.05 mg/kg;在30 d的暴露中,4种酞酸酯DMP,DEP,DBP和DEHP在篮子鱼体内总质量比分别为0.08,0.41,1.72,3.11 mg/kg。其中DBP和DEHP在鱼内脏组织中有较高的积累和分布,分别为1.14 mg/kg和1.83 mg/kg,其次为鱼残体组织,肌肉组织中含量最低。DEHP和DBP在龙须菜和篮子鱼体不同组织中均有一定程度的富集(生物富集系数FBC均大于1)。其中DEHP和DBP在内脏组织中的FBC值分别高达9.16和5.68,在龙须菜-篮子鱼这个简单食物链传递中DEHP和DBP在篮子鱼内脏组织中存在放大现象。 相似文献
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This article discusses the interaction of aniline and ocean algae based on the standard appraisal method of chemical medicine for algae toxicity. It is showed by experimental results that aniline has pretty toxic effects on algae. Suspended substances in water can offset some effects of aniline. It also discusses the dynamic constant of first order degradation reaction rate of algae on aniline from the point of view of chemical dynamics. 相似文献
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A medium resolution spectral imager (MERSI) on-board the first spacecraft of the second generation of China’s polar-orbit meteorological satellites FY-3A, is a MODIS-like sensor with 20 bands covering visible to thermal infrared spectral region. FY-3A/MERSI is capable of making continuous global observations, and ocean color application is one of its main targets. The objective is to provide information about the ocean color products of FY-3A/MERSI, including sensor calibration, ocean color algorithms, ocean color products validation and applications. Although there is a visible on-board calibration device, it cannot realize the on-board absolute radiometric calibration in the reflective solar bands. A multisite vicarious calibration method is developed, and used for monitoring the in-flight response change and providing post-launch calibration coefficients updating. FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products consist of the water-leaving reflectance retrieved from an atmospheric correction algorithm, a chlorophyll a concentration (CHL1) and a pigment concentration (PIG1) from global empirical models, the chlorophyll a concentration (CHL2), a total suspended mater concentration (TSM) and the absorption coefficient of CDOM and NAP (YS443) from China’s regional empirical models. The atmospheric correction algorithm based on lookup tables and ocean color components concentration estimation models are described. By comparison with in situ data, the FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products have been validated and preliminary results are presented. Some successful ocean color applications such as algae bloom monitoring and coastal suspended sediment variation have demonstrated the usefulness of FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products. 相似文献
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海洋是一个巨大的碳库,通过吸收大气中的二氧化碳减缓了全球变暖的局势。海洋同时也是蕴含丰富资源的宝库,过量二氧化碳的吸收造成海水pH值发生变化,海洋酸化对这个资源宝库的影响不容忽视。文章通过文献计量与统计分析的方法,从宏观角度研究了海洋酸化研究的整体发展现状、主要研究力量与研究主题分布,分析了未来的发展趋势,并结合现有问题给出了讨论建议,以期为未来的海洋酸化研究提供一定的参考借鉴。研究结果表明：海洋酸化研究经历了探索、成型、快速增长与稳步增长4个时期,澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和英国是主要研究国家,美国国家海洋与大气管理局、美国伍兹霍尔海洋研究所、美国加州大学、澳大利亚昆士兰大学和詹姆斯库克大学是主要研究机构。海洋酸化过程与成因、敏感性生物与生命过程影响、生态系统影响与生态效应、珊瑚礁与藻类典型研究等内容则是该领域的主要研究主题。未来的海洋酸化研究还应该拓展广度和深度、提升方法和技术,并注意制定综合研究计划、慎重定性与量化研究结果、考虑多方面差异耦合因子并加强基础研究与国际合作。 相似文献
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Coralline algae(CA),a type of primary calcifying producer presented in coastal ecosystems,are considered one of the highly sensitive organisms to marine environmental change.However,experimental studies on coralline algae responses to elevated seawater temperature and reduced pH have documented either contradictory or opposite results.In this study,we analysed the growth and physiological responses of coralline algae Porolithon onkodes to the elevated temperature(30.8°C)and reduced pH(7.8).The aim of this analysis was to observe the direct and combined effects,while elucidating the growth and photosynthesis in this response.It was demonstrated that the algae thallus growth rate and photosynthesis under elevated temperature were depressed by 21.5%and 14.9%respectively.High pCO2 enhanced the growth and photosynthesis of the thallus at ambient temperature,while they were deceased when both temperature and pCO2 were elevated.CA is among the most sensitive organisms to ocean acidification(OA)because of their precipitate high Mg-calcite.We hypothesize that coralline algae could increase their calcification rate in order to counteract the effects of moderate acidification,but offset by the effect of elevated temperature.Accordingly,our results also support the conclusion that global warming(GW)is a stronger threat to algal performance than OA.Our findings are also proposed that coralline algae may be more resilient under OA than GW. 相似文献
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Diurnal and tidal patterns of carbon uptake and calcification in geniculate inter‐tidal coralline algae 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sophie J. McCoy Catherine A. Pfister Gerard Olack Albert S. Colman 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):553-564
Research on coralline algal responses to ocean acidification and other environmental stressors has increased in recent years as coralline algae is thought to stand a higher chance of being affected by acidification stress than other macroalgae. To provide context and enhance the existing eco‐physiological framework for climate change studies, it is important to understand the effects of non‐extreme stressors experienced regularly by inter‐tidal coralline algae. In this study, we tested the potentially interacting effects of diurnal and tidal treatments on calcification in the geniculate coralline algae Corallina frondescens and Corallina vancouveriensis using 13C‐labeled bicarbonate. Both species deposited more calcium carbonate during the day than at night, and also when submerged (high tide) compared with when emerged (low tide) in their apical and mature segments (intergenicula). These results indicate that inter‐tidal coralline algae do in fact pay a cost for living inter‐tidally at the edge of an adaptive zone. 相似文献
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The solubility of iron in oxic waters is so low that iron can be a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth in the open ocean. In order to mimic low iron concentrations in algal cultures, Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) is commonly used. The presence of EDTA enables culture experiments to be performed at a low free metal concentration, while the total metal concentrations are high. Using EDTA provides for a more reproducible medium. In this study Fe speciation, as defined by EDTA in culture media, is compared with complexation by natural organic complexes in ocean water where Fe is thought to be limited. To grow oceanic species into iron limitation, a concentration of at least 10−4 M EDTA is necessary. Only then does the calculated [Fe3+] concentrations resemble those found in natural sea water, where the speciation is governed by natural dissolved organic ligands at nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, EDTA influences the redox speciation of iron, and thus frustrates research on the preferred source of Fe-uptake, Fe(III) or Fe(II), by algae. Nowadays, one can measure the extent of natural organic complexation in sea water, as well as the dissolved Fe(II) state, and can use ultra clean techniques in order to prevent contamination. Therefore, it is advisable to work with more natural conditions and not use EDTA to create iron limitation. This is especially important when the biological availability of the different chemical fractions of iron are the subject of research. Typically, many oceanic algae in the smallest size classes can still grow at very low ambient Fe and are not easily cultivated into limitation under ambient sea water conditions. However, the important class of large oceanic algae responsible for the major blooms and the large scale cycling of carbon, silicon and other elements, commonly has a high Fe requirement and can be grown into Fe limitation in ambient seawater. 相似文献
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The uranium content and activity ratio A234U/A238U were determined in open ocean water, marine plankton, marine algae and sea water in the environment in which plankton and
algae live. The average uranium content of 3.34±0.28×10−6 g/l and the average activity ratio of 1.13±0.04 were obtained in open ocean water. The uranium contents in plankton and algae
were respectively from 1.7 to 7.8×10−7 g/g and 0.4 to 23.5×10−7 g/g on dry basis with the respective concentration factors of 48 to 260 and 10 to 733. The activity ratio in plankton and
algae ranged from 1.07 to 1.18 which coincided well with those in the environmental sea water. 相似文献
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Ian Bell 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(1):43-55
This paper describes the food selection of hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, using reefs of the Far Northern Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (nGBR) during 2006 and 2007. A total of 467 gastric lavage and 71 buccal cavity ingesta items were collected from 120 individual E. imbricata, comprising adult female and immature turtles of both sexes. Nineteen E. imbricata that were captured in 2006 were recaptured and sampled again in 2007. Within the total pooled buccal and lavage sample (n = 538), the occurrence of food items was dominated (72.7%) by only three algal taxonomic divisions: Rhodophyta (red algae; 53.7%, n = 289); Chlorophyta (green algae; 11.0%, n = 59) and algae from the division of Phaeophyceae (brown algae; 8.0%, n = 43). The remaining total (buccal and lavage) ingesta sample comprised sponges (10.4%, n = 56), soft corals and a wide variety of possibly nutritionally important invertebrate species (12.6%, n = 68), and a small percentage (5.4%, n = 22) of inorganic material. Generally, E. imbricata were considered to be primarily a sponge‐feeding specialist and secondarily an omnivorous species; within coral reef habitats and in various parts of the world this is the case. However, this study has shown that E. imbricata found foraging on reefs of the nGBR are primarily algivorous and secondarily omnivorous. A feeding strategy that relies on a predominantly algal diet may infer important benefits to the species if the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification inhibit coral growth, while promoting algal density and distribution within the Great Barrier Reef ecosystem. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(1):63-91
A previous study based on data from a NE Atlantic site provided evidence, using an existing foodweb/vertical-flux modelling approach, that the size-structure of the phytoplankton community — rather than primary production — can be the dominant control on downward particulate organic carbon (POC) flux. In order to assess whether taking community structure into account can also provide more reliable estimates of downward POC flux in other oceanic provinces, epipelagic observations (mainly size-fractionated primary production, biomass, community structure data and heterotrophic bacterial production) and POC flux data from deep-moored sediment traps were collated from the six different ocean regions for which suitable data are available. At each site the epipelagic data were used in conjunction with two standard versions of the foodweb/vertical-flux model (one permits direct sinking of large ungrazed algae out of surface waters, the other does not) and published empirical depth/POCflux algorithms to predict the POC flux to the deep ocean. Predictions were also made using published primary-production/POC-flux algorithms, and the two sets of predictions were compared to the deep-ocean POC flux measurements. While the version of the foodweb/ vertical-flux model permitting the direct sinking of ungrazed algae provided the most reliable predictor of POC flux for five of the six sites, no conventional algorithm provided comparable predictions for more than two sites. The reliability of these predictions is discussed in the context of recent modelling studies that explore the extent to which flow fields in the water column overlying deep-moored sediment traps confound attempts to relate particle flux measurements to observations of surface-water processes. The present study suggests that the sinking of ungrazed large cells, probably diatoms, may be the key determinant of the magnitude of the downward POC flux in a variety of ocean regions. Planned ocean-observing programmes may provide sufficient epipelagic data to allow this approach to be used to improve the accuracy of basin-scale estimates of downward POC flux and hence reduce the uncertainty of the magnitude of this flux within the oceanic carbon budget. 相似文献
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山东半岛漂浮铜藻和底栖铜藻气囊及生殖托的形态学比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铜藻(Sargassum horneri)是主要分布于北太平洋西部的暖温带性海藻,是我国海藻场的重要组成物种之一,对于海洋环境、渔业资源具有重要支撑作用。除底栖生活外,铜藻可营漂浮生活。气囊和生殖托是铜藻适应漂浮生活的重要结构,但是二者与漂浮生活相适应的结构特点尚研究有限。本文对漂浮铜藻和底栖铜藻气囊、生殖托的数量以及主要形态学特征进行了统计学分析,结果显示:漂浮铜藻气囊体积显著小于底栖铜藻(P0.01),漂浮铜藻生殖托个数远少于底栖铜藻(P0.01),推测铜藻为了适应漂浮生境,其漂浮能力和有性生殖能力已经发生改变。 相似文献
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夏季长江冲淡水扩展的数值模拟 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
建立一个σ坐标系下三维非线性斜压陆架模式,研究夏季径流量、台湾暖流、黄海冷水团、风场对长江冲淡水扩展的影响。数值试验基本再现了夏季长江冲淡水低盐水舌伸向东北的现象和渤、黄、东海的环流结构。长江径流量只影响近口门附近冲淡木朝东南方向扩展势力和整个冲淡水扩展范围的大小。台湾暖流深受底形的影响,流动路径稳定,且不受自身强度的影响,又主流远离长江口,对长江冲淡水扩展的影响不大。黄海冷水团产生的余流在长江口海区阻碍着冲淡水沿岸向南扩展,在远离长江口海区诱导冲淡水向东南运动。总的黄海冷水团的作用是使长江冲淡水低盐水舌伸向东北。黄海冷水团越强,这种作用就越明显。夏季风场在冲淡水转向东北的过程中作用显着。 相似文献
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X. San Liang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(Z1):74-92
This paper summarizes the recent development of a portable self-contained system to unravel the intricate multiscale dynamical processes from real oceanic flows, which are in nature highly nonlinear and intermittent in space and time. Of particular focus are the interactions among largescale, mesoscale, and suhmesoscale processes. We first introduce the concept of scale window, and an orthogonal subspace decomposition technigue called multiscale window transform (MWT). Established on MWT is a rig- orous formalism of multiscale transport, perfect transfer, and multiscale conversion, which makes a new methodology, multi- scale energy and vortieity analysis (MS-EVA). A direct application of the MS-EVA is the development of a novel localized in- stability analysis, generalizing the classical notion of hydrodynamic instability to finite amplitude processes on irregularly varia- ble domains. The theory is consistent with the analytical solutions of Eady' s model and Kuo' s model, the benchmark models of baroclinic instability and barotropic instability; it is further validated with a vortex shedding control problem. We have put it to application with a variety of complicated real ocean problems, which would be otherwise very difficult, if not impossible, to tackle. Briefly shown in this paper include the dynamical studies of a highly variable open ocean front, and a complex coastal o- cean circulation. In the former, it is found that underlying the frontal meandering is a convective instability followed by an abso- lute instability, and correspondingly a rapid spatially amplifying mode locked into a temporally growing mode; in the latter, we see a real ocean example of how upwelling can be driven by winds through nonlinear instability, and how winds may excite the ocean via an avenue which is distinct/y different from the classical paradigms. This system is mathematically rigorous, physically robust, and practically straightforward. 相似文献
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Tess Olivia Bamber Angus Charles Jackson Robert Philip Mansfield 《Ocean Science Journal》2018,53(2):215-224
Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are causing oceanic pH to decline worldwide, a phenomenon termed ocean acidification. Mounting experimental evidence indicates that near-future levels of CO2 will affect calcareous invertebrates such as corals, molluscs and gastropods, by reducing their scope for calcification. Despite extensive research into ocean acidification in recent years, the effects on non-calcifying anthozoans, such as sea anemones, remain little explored. In Western Europe, intertidal anemones such as Actinia equina are abundant, lower trophic-level organisms that function as important ecosystem engineers. Changes to behaviours of these simple predators could have implications for intertidal assemblages. This investigation identified the effects of reduced seawater pH on feeding and contest behaviour by A. equina. Video footage was recorded for A. equina feeding at current-day seawater (pH 8.1), and the least (pH 7.9) and most (pH 7.6) severe end-of-century predictions. Footage was also taken of contests over ownership of space between anemones exposed to reduced pH and those that were not. No statistically significant differences were identified in feeding duration or various aspects of contest behaviour including initiating, winning, inflating acrorhagi, inflicting acrorhagial peels and contest duration. Multivariate analyses showed no effect of pH on a combination of these variables. This provides contrast with other studies where anemones with symbiotic algae thrive in areas of natural increased acidity. Thus, novel experiments using intraspecific contests and resource-holding potential may prove an effective approach to understand sub-lethal consequences of ocean acidification for A. equina, other sea anemones and more broadly for marine ecosystems. 相似文献