共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Hilary A. Dugan Tom Gleeson Scott F. Lamoureux Kent Novakowski 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(5):1385-1392
In the High Arctic, groundwater fluxes are limited by the presence of continuous permafrost, although it has been hypothesized that there may be localized groundwater flow and hydraulic connectivity beneath large lakes, due to the presence of taliks, or large regions of unfrozen ground. However, due to the logistical difficulty of employing seepage meters and piezometers in deep, ice-covered lakes, relatively little is known about groundwater discharge to polar lakes. One method of assessing groundwater discharge is through the use of geochemical tracers. We conducted a pilot study to quantify groundwater discharge into a High Arctic lake using dissolved radon gas as a geochemical tracer. Lake water was collected in 15 L polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags with minimal atmospheric interaction from a 25-m deep lake near Shellabear Point, Melville Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Sample bags were aerated through a closed water loop for 60 min to allow sufficient radon to equilibrate in a coupled air circuit. Radon in air concentrations were measured on a Durridge RAD7 portable alpha spectrometer. The field trial in a remote setting and separate tests with groundwater samples collected from a temperate site demonstrate the utility of the methodology. The limited results suggest that radon levels in the lower water column are elevated above background levels following nival melt in the surrounding watershed. Although these results are insufficient to quantify groundwater discharge, the results suggest subsurface flow may exist, and further study is warranted. 相似文献
2.
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) is one of the most common pollutants in landfill leachate that impacts shallow drinking groundwater quality; accordingly, the transport mechanism and capacity for remediation of this compound are important to the management of local water resource. In this study, a series of indoor experiments and analytical predictions revealed that the transportation of 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater is similar in medium sand and fine sand. Specifically, the peak time increases with distance between monitoring points and the source point, but the peak relative concentrations decrease with distance, indicating that the concentration of 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater is controlled by adsorption and biodegradation. In addition, transportation of water in a fine sand column was lower than that in a medium sand column; therefore, the adsorption and biodegradation of 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater was lower in the medium sand column. These findings demonstrate that 1,2,4-TCB in groundwater could be removed by natural degradation after about 5 years, but that other methods (permeable reactive barriers, air sparging or biosparging) should be applied in the field to shorten the remediation period and enhance water supply safety around landfill. 相似文献
3.
Yunfeng Li Jiangxia Wang Yaoguo Wu Zhonghua Xu Xiaogang Fu Guangcai Hou 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(4):739-745
Groundwater flow fields in aquifers are often determined by water level data measured in monitoring wells. The flow field
can be further refined by mass balance simulations, especially when groundwater level data is limited. The mass balance simulation
is based on the principle of mass conservation and relies on water quality data in the same aquifer. The approach is applied
to the Luohe aquifer in the Binchang area, China. The water-rock interactions and the hydrogeochemical evolution were studied
along four typical flow paths. The study indicates that groundwater in the Luohe formation flows from the southern border
to the interior of the Ordos Basin. The southern border, approximately 1,400 km2, is a recharge zone, where the Luohe formation outcrops. The total dissolved solids of the groundwater in the southern boarder
are less than 1 g/l, and the hydrochemistry type is HCO3–Na. This new finding refines the flow field of the water-bearing formation, and an additional 1,400 km2 is included in the water resource planning of the area. 相似文献
4.
固相萃取-气相色谱／质谱法测定地面水中半挥发性有机物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用XAD-2和XAD-8树脂吸附富集、有机溶剂洗脱、气相色谱／质谱法分析测定了福建九龙江流域水体中半挥发性有机化合物，共检出有机化合物138种，其中属于美国联邦环保总署和中国国家环保总局规定的优先控制有机污染物有20种。 相似文献
5.
Travel times and flow paths of groundwater from its recharge area to drinking-water production wells will govern how the quality of pumped groundwater responds to contaminations. Here, we studied the 180 km2 Ammer catchment in southwestern Germany, which is extensively used for groundwater production from a carbonate aquifer. Using a 3-D steady-state groundwater model, four alternative representations of discharge and recharge were systematically explored to understand their impact on groundwater travel times and flow paths. More specifically, two recharge maps obtained from different German hydrologic atlases and two plausible alternative discharge scenarios were tested: (1) groundwater flow across the entire streambed of the Ammer River and its main tributaries and (2) groundwater discharge via a few major springs feeding the Ammer River. For each of these scenarios, the groundwater model was first calibrated against water levels, and subsequently travel times and flow paths were calculated for production wells using particle tracking methods. These computed travel times and flow paths were indirectly evaluated using additional data from the wells including measured concentrations of major ions and environmental tracers indicating groundwater age. Different recharge scenarios resulted in a comparable fit to observed water levels, and similar estimates of hydraulic conductivities, flow paths and travel times of groundwater to production wells. Travel times calculated for all scenarios had a plausible order of magnitude which were comparable to apparent groundwater ages modelled using environmental tracers. Scenario with groundwater discharge across the entire streambed of the Ammer River and its tributaries resulted in a better fit to water levels than scenario with discharge at a few springs only. In spite of the poorer fit to water levels, flow paths of groundwater from the latter scenario were more plausible, and these were supported by the observed major ion chemistry at the production wells. We concluded that data commonly used in groundwater modelling such as water levels and apparent groundwater ages may be insufficient to reliably delineate capture zones of wells. Hydrogeochemical information relating only indirectly to groundwater flow such as the major ion chemistry of water sampled at the wells can substantially improve our understanding of the source areas of recharge for production wells. 相似文献
6.
地下水流动特征对水文地球化学特征具有重要控制作用, 研究分析了大同盆地地下水流动特征对高砷水迁移的影响.以山阴县桑干河南岸地下水试验场(SYFS)的监测数据为基础, 建立了河岸带三维非稳定地下水流模型.结果表明, 灌溉在很大程度上影响着地下水位动态变化.灌溉活动减慢了地下水埋深和水平地下水流速, 加速了不同岩性地层之间的垂向水量交换.粉土(L1、L2、L3和L4)、粘土1(L5)和砂1(L6)之间始终存在由上至下的垂向水量交换, 粘土2(L7)、砂2(L8)、粘土3(L9)和砂3(L10)以水平水量交换为主.灌溉水和大气降水从地表向下垂直入渗至含水层的过程中, 推动了地表和包气带沉积物中的砷逐渐向下迁移; 到达含水层后, 水平交换量占主导, 地下水在水平方向上频繁的水量交换促使As在含水层中发生水平迁移. 相似文献
7.
A variety of human activities can negatively impact on sensitive karst environments, especially on karst water. To protect such water adequately it is necessary to obtain as much information as possible on the extent of the recharge zones and characteristics of the groundwater flow. The authors experience has shown tracer tests to be a very useful tool in acquiring such information. Three examples from Slovenia are presented in this paper. In the first, an estimate was made of the danger of water contamination resulting from a petrochemical storage depot. In the second, the possible impacts of an area used for military training were studied. In the third, the effects of the construction of a railway line on regionally important water resources were assessed. Besides basic information about the direction and velocity of groundwater flow, some methodological principles were also identified by the studies. In all three test areas sampling was carried out for a lengthy period and continued after the detection of the peak concentrations. The results show that only the use of such lengthy tracer tests enable the definition of those flow paths, which are activated in extreme hydrological conditions. 相似文献
8.
13C solid-phase NMR and pyrolysis-chemical ionization mass spectrometry were used to characterize adsorbed organic material isolated on an XAD-2 macroreticular resin. Pyrolysis-chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used directly to fingerprint the organics sorbed to a titanium foil exposed in the same marine environment. The XAD-2 isolate was shown to be fractionated relative to the native material and contaminated with the isolation resin. 相似文献
9.
昆明市地热田越流含水系统中地下热水的数值模拟 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
深层基岩地下（热）水水化学污染问题日趋严重,急需定量而仿真地模拟和预报天然状态和各种人为工程经济活动下地下（热）水流动及溶质（或污染物）的运移。在充分认识地质、水文地质条件的基础上,建立了考虑温压变化和越流条件的昆明市地热田深层基岩地下热水系统中水流和溶质运移的准三维非稳定流数学模型。模型用于开采条件下地热田地下热水水位及 F－、Cl－浓度的模拟,模拟结果具有较高的仿真性,拟合误差一般小于 2％～5％,表明模型合理、可靠。应用所建模型预测了开采条件下昆明市地热田II块段地下热水流场和溶质浓度动态的变化趋势,并提出了控制地下热水环境进一步恶化的措施。 相似文献
10.
Simulation of DNAPL infiltration and spreading behaviour in the saturated zone at varying flow velocities and alternating subsurface geometries 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Katharina Erning Sibylle Grandel Andreas Dahmke Dirk Schäfer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):1119-1131
The influence of varying groundwater flow velocities on DNAPL infiltration and spreading behaviour was investigated by multiphase
modelling using TMVOC and PetraSim. The multiphase models were calibrated by results of previously conducted laboratory experiments
for the complete spatio-temporal range of the experiments. The small scale 2D scenario modelling was applied to qualify and
quantify changes in position, architecture, geometry and dissolution of a TCE body in a fully saturated homogeneous sandy
medium. The applied flow velocities ranging from 0.05 up to 40.00 m/day exhibited that the DNAPL TCE is affected even at the
lowest flow velocity in its position, its size and its architecture. Additionally, several impermeable lenses with simple
geometry were assumed in the model, to investigate the influence of stratified subsoil. In the experimental set-ups, the DNAPL
body reacts more sensitive to the applied groundwater flow velocities than to the geometrical set-up of the scenarios. A possible
consequence can be the transportation and displacement of a DNAPL pool due to natural or anthropogenic induced high groundwater
flow velocities, as by Pump and Treat facilities, complicating site investigation process and planning of remediation activities. 相似文献
11.
为揭示低温水影响下的河岸带潜流层的温度场和流场分布特性,利用野外水温水位实时监测试验,研究河岸带潜流层温度场在不同季节、不同空间位置上的分布特性,并利用水温资料计算获得地下水流速。结果表明:河岸带潜流层温度场在夏季和冬季分别呈现出"上暖下冷"和 "上冷下暖"的温度分层现象;通过对温度示踪方法的4种计算方法进行分析比较,得到Hatch相位法计算的地下水流速具有较高的准确性,在2014年12月15—31日时段内流速大小为1.03×10-4~7.96×10-4m/s,在空间上,断面深度增加,地下水流速降低,且不同深度流速曲线接近平行。 相似文献
12.
Thermal tracer testing in a sedimentary aquifer: field experiment (Lauswiesen,Germany) and numerical simulation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Valentin Wagner Tao Li Peter Bayer Carsten Leven Peter Dietrich Philipp Blum 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(1):175-187
An active and short-duration thermal tracer test (TTT) was conducted in a shallow sedimentary aquifer at the Lauswiesen test site, near Tübingen, Germany. By injecting 16 m3 of warm water at 22°C, a thermal anomaly was created, which propagated along the local groundwater flow direction. This was comprehensively monitored in five observation wells at a few meters distance. The purpose of this well-controlled experiment was to determine the practicability of such a TTT and its suitability to examine hydraulic characteristics of heterogeneous aquifers. The results showed that the thermal peak arrival times in the observation wells were consistent with previous observations from alternative field testing such as direct-push injection logging (DPIL). Combined analysis of depth-dependent temperatures and peak arrival times, and comparison with a numerical heat transport model, offers valuable insights into the natural flow field and spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivities. The study was able to identify vertical flow focusing and bypassing, which are attributed to preferential flow paths common in such sedimentary sand and gravel aquifers. These findings are fundamental for further development of experimental designs of active and short-duration TTTs and provide a basis for a more quantitative analysis of advective and conductive transport processes. 相似文献
13.
14.
包气带黏性土层对氮素污染地下水的防污性能试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
包气带土层是保护地下水的天然屏障,在阻控、拦截氮素污染源的过程中起到了重要作用。通过对北京市典型地区包气带土体进行定水位入渗的土柱淋溶试验,研究土体对于氮素的去除能力和包气带的截污容量。试验中采用了蒸馏水、再生水和河水3种不同的水源。试验结果显示,张家湾包气带土层对氮素污染地下水具有较强的截留和防护能力。对氮素的去除过程具有分段性特征,经历了较稳定和波动下降两个不同的阶段,其中稳定阶段是计算柱体去除能力的关键,提出了考虑滞后区间的时段去除率计算公式。水源对柱体的渗流速度及初期的吸附解析效应有明显影响。土体对氮素的去除作用受环境温度变化的影响,温度15 ℃左右时所达到的稳定阶段对氮素有极强的去除能力。 相似文献
15.
In situ feldspar dissolution rates in an aquifer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chen Zhu 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(6):1435-1453
In situ silicate dissolution rates within the saturated Navajo sandstone, at Black Mesa, Arizona were determined from elemental fluxes in the aquifer. The mass transfer between groundwater and mineral matrix along flow paths was calculated from inverse mass balance modeling. The reaction time is bound by 14C-based travel time. BET surface areas were measured with N2 gas adsorption. Dissolution rates for K-feldspar and plagioclase are 10−19 and 10−16 mol (feldspar) m−2 s−1, respectively, which are ∼105 times slower than laboratory experiment-derived rates under similar pH and temperature but at far from equilibrium conditions. The rates obtained in this study are consistent with the slower field rates found in numerous watershed and soil profile studies. However, these rates are from saturated aquifers, overcoming some concerns on estimated rates from unsaturated systems. The Navajo sandstone is a quartz-sandstone with a relatively simple and well-studied hydrogeology, groundwater geochemistry, and lithology, a large number of groundwater analyses and 14C groundwater ages, groundwater residence times up to ∼37 ky, groundwater pH from ∼8 to 10, and temperature from ∼15 to 35°C. 相似文献
16.
A multi-method approach to quantify groundwater/surface water-interactions in the semi-arid Hailiutu River basin,northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Identification and quantification of groundwater and surface-water interactions provide important scientific insights for managing groundwater and surface-water conjunctively. This is especially relevant in semi-arid areas where groundwater is often the main source to feed river discharge and to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems. Multiple field measurements were taken in the semi-arid Bulang sub-catchment, part of the Hailiutu River basin in northwest China, to identify and quantify groundwater and surface-water interactions. Measurements of groundwater levels and stream stages for a 1-year investigation period indicate continuous groundwater discharge to the river. Temperature measurements of stream water, streambed deposits at different depths, and groundwater confirm the upward flow of groundwater to the stream during all seasons. Results of a tracer-based hydrograph separation exercise reveal that, even during heavy rainfall events, groundwater contributes much more to the increased stream discharge than direct surface runoff. Spatially distributed groundwater seepage along the stream was estimated using mass balance equations with electrical conductivity measurements during a constant salt injection experiment. Calculated groundwater seepage rates showed surprisingly large spatial variations for a relatively homogeneous sandy aquifer. 相似文献
17.
Intrinsic biodegradation of toluene coupled with the microbial reduction of ferric iron (Fe(III)) as the terminal electron acceptor was studied by using laboratory column experiments under continuous flow conditions. Columns were packed with contaminated aquifer sediment and N2-purged groundwater taken from the western part of the Gardermoen aquifer. The columns were operated anaerobically at 8 °C (in-situ temperature). Chloride was initially used to characterize flow properties of the columns. Intrinsic biodegradation of toluene, including abiotic loss and biological loss, was estimated by comparing breakthrough curves of toluene for live columns and sterilized control columns based on mass balance in steady-state conditions. The column experiments were run at two different flow velocities. The estimated average intrinsic rate was -0.73 and -0.53 mM day-1 for pore-water velocities of 1.75 and 2.68 cm h-1, respectively, corresponding to -0.27 and -0.22 mM day-1 in biological loss rate. The results indicate that intrinsic biodegradation of toluene could be used as an efficient remediation approach for contaminated groundwater at the Gardermoen fire-fighting training site. 相似文献
18.
The response of a multi-layered coastal aquifer in southeast Australia to decades of groundwater pumping, and the groundwater age, flow paths and salinization processes were examined using isotopic tracers. Groundwater radiocarbon and tritium contents decline with distance and depth away from basin margins; however, in the main zone of pumping, radiocarbon activities are generally homogeneous within a given depth horizon. A lack of tritium and low radiocarbon activities (<25 pMC) in groundwater in and around the pumping areas indicate that seasonal recovery of water levels is related to capture of old water with low radioisotope activities, rather than arrival of recently recharged water. Mechanisms facilitating seasonal recovery include release of water from low-permeability layers and horizontal transfer of water from undeveloped parts of the basin. Overall stability in seasonally recovered water levels and salinities for the past three decades indicate that the system has reached a dynamic equilibrium with respect to water balance and salinity, following a major change in flow paths and solute distributions after initial development. Groundwater δ18O, δ2H and chloride contents indicate mixing between fresh meteoric-derived groundwater and marine water at the coast, with the most saline groundwater approximating an 80:20 mixture of fresh to oceanic water. 相似文献
19.
Since July 2002, tertiary treated wastewater has been artificially recharged through two infiltration ponds in the dunes of the Belgian western coastal plain. This has formed a lens of artificially recharged water in the dunes’ fresh water lens. Recharged water is recovered by extraction wells located around the ponds. Hydraulic aspects of the artificial recharge and extraction are described using field observations such as geophysical borehole loggings and a tracer test. Borehole logs indicate recharged water up to 20 m below surface, whereas the tracer test gives field data about the residence times of the recharged water. Furthermore, a detailed solute transport model was made of the area surrounding the ponds. Groundwater flow, capture zone, residence times and volume of recharged water in the aquifer are calculated. This shows that the residence time varies between 30 days and 5 years due to the complex flow pattern. The extracted water is a mix of waters with different residence times and natural groundwater, assuring a relatively stable water quality of the extracted water. 相似文献
20.
地下水年龄结构是了解一个地区地下水资源开采可持续性的重要基础。穆兴平原地下水开采量增加以及地下水环境恶化,对该地区可持续发展有一定制约,为此在2016年采集CFCs样品31组和3H样品60组,估算了研究区地下水年龄。结果表明,穆兴平原北部地下水年龄为21年到大于65年,由西北部和穆棱河向平原中部及乌苏里江逐渐变老,更新性变差,主要受到大气降水和地表河水补给,但是由于地表覆盖一层黏性土,地下水中缺失小于10年的水;不同井深样品中二者及NO_3~-浓度的变化,表明在60 m以上地下水的防污性能较差,而在100 m以下则较好,饮用水源井深需超过100 m。 相似文献