共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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本文从光、热、水、气4个方面分析了福建省气候资源环境的状况，对福建省农业生产的影响，以及应对气候资源变化的一些建议。 相似文献
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依据哈巴雪山自然保护区及附近气候观测资料,应用气候学方法和原理,综合分析该自然保护区垂直气候要素,分析中发现,光照、气温、降水等气候要素,随海拔升高,垂直分异明显。依据气候特征的垂直变化,结合植被及土壤的分布,参照划分垂直气候带的标准,将保护区划分为7种气候带：河谷中亚热带、河谷北亚热带、山地暖温带、山地中温带、山地寒温带、高山寒带、高山永久冰雪带。分析结果表明：保护区垂直气候带特征分异明显,气候类型丰富多样;山地寒温带、高山寒带等地区,生态高度敏感脆弱。 相似文献
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北京山区农业气候资源系统的模糊综合评判 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了定量分析北京山区农业气候资源,利用山区1 km^2小网格的气候资料,应用农业气候适宜度理论、模糊数学和因子分析等方法,通过5项农业气候指标与山区栽培植物生长发育条件之间隶属函数的建立及其权重的确定,分别计算山区各网格点的农业气候资源指数、效能指数和利用系数,并在GIS的支持下建立了它们的栅格图.结果表明：北京山区以平谷、密云、怀柔南部等东北部地区的农业气候资源系统较为优良,无论是气候资源总量还是其匹配状况以及利用率都是本地区最高的;与之相反,西北部和海拔较高的山区,不仅农业气候资源总量贫乏,而且光、热、水资源的匹配程度较差,导致农作物对资源的利用率较低;此外,房山东南部和昌平南部等地区气候资源总量较为丰富,但受水资源的限制,光、热、水资源的匹配程度较差,致使当地气候资源利用率较低. 相似文献
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据我国农业气候调查和考察资料,分析不同山区光热水农业气候变量在垂直和水平方向的变化规律,提出山地农业气候资源具有立体性、多层性、多样性和多宜性的特征,建立山区农业气候资源垂直分层模式;据人力、物力、耕地、物价等社会条件和经济效益等因素约束,应用系统决策寻找山区不同层次最佳的作物布局和农作制,探讨农业合理布局的生态气候效益及开发山区资源优势的途径。 相似文献
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根据克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州(简称克州)多样性的干旱气候背景。按地带分异统计分析,划分四季气候特征,阐述了平原农区、中山半农半牧区、牧区和高山牧区的光、热、水资源的分布。提出了克州有计划地增大早熟小麦“唐山6898”品种播种面积,适当扩大中熟玉米复播面积,改一年两熟制,是合理利用气候资源的有效途径。 相似文献
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气候是生物赖以生存的重要条件。巧家县药山自然保护区内的气候孕育了极其独特的自然地理环境，为生物多样性提供了必要的条件。依据气候观测资料、野外实测数据及理论推算值，综合、系统地分析自然保护区气候资源特征。结果表明，保护区内光能资源、热量资源和水分资源随海拔不同，气候垂直分异明显，根据气温及景观特征，可把保护区划分为5种气候类型区：河谷亚热带气候区、低中山山麓中亚热带半湿润区、中山暖温带湿润区、高中山温带潮湿区、高山寒温带潮湿区。研究结果可为保护区自然资源的合理利用以及自然保护区管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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中国黄土高原地区降水时空演变 总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20
为揭示黄土高原地区降水资源在全球气候变化背景下的演变特征,利用黄土高原地区7省区51站43 a的降水资料,主要采用EOF、CEOF和小波分析等方法,研究了黄土高原降水近43 a的时空演变及其资源信息在空间的流动。结果表明：黄土高原年季降水对全球变化区域响应不同;年降水和秋季降水在1985年附近发生气候突变,降水明显减少;降水年际变化存在2～4 a振荡和11～18 a的年代际振荡,以2～4 a短周期振荡为主;降水响应敏感区在黄土高原腹地,空间演变信息在向东传播。 相似文献
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云龙天池自然保护区垂直气候带划分 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以位于纵向岭谷区核心区域的云龙天池自然保护区为研究对象,通过分析保护区气温及降水两大要素的垂直变化,依据气候要素变化特征,结合云南省热量资源区划指标系统及山地热量带划分原则,将保护区划分为6个垂直气候带:澜沧江河谷南亚热带半湿润气候带、澜沧江河谷中亚热带湿润气候带、低中山山麓北亚热带湿润气候带、中山南温带湿润气候带、高中山中温带湿润气候带、高山寒温带潮湿气候带。对各垂直气候带内气候、生物特征进行分析,结果表明:各气候带界限明确,发育符合本气候带热量水分条件的植被及土壤;山麓底部发育有符合水平地带性规律的基带,基带垂直向下的河谷地带发育负向气候带;保护区南温带及以上的气候带,气温偏低,生态系统脆弱。 相似文献
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东北地区未来气候变化对农业气候资源的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为探求未来气候变化对东北地区农业气候资源的影响,本文基于区域气候模式系统输出的东北地区IPCC AR5提出的低辐射和高辐射强迫RCP_4.5（低排放）、RCP_8.5（高排放）情景下2005-2099年气象资料,通过与东北地区1961-2010年91个气象站点观测资料同化,分析了历史资料（Baseline）、RCP_4.5、RCP_8.5情景下东北地区农业热量资源和降水资源空间分布及其变化趋势。结果表明：① 年均温度空间分布自南向北降低,未来各地区温度均有升高,RCP_8.5情景下升温更明显,Baseline情景年均温度为7.70 ℃,RCP_4.5和RCP_8.5年均温度分别为9.67 ℃、10.66 ℃;其他农业热量资源随温度变化一致,具体≥ 10 ℃初日提前3 d、4 d,初霜日推迟2 d、6 d,生长季日数延长4 d、10 d,积温增加400 ℃·d、700 ℃·d;水资源稍有增加,但不明显。② 历史增温速率为0.35 ℃/10a,未来增温速率最快为RCP_8.5情景0.48 ℃/10a,高于RCP_4.5的0.19 ℃/10a。21世纪后期,RCP_8.5增温趋势明显快于RCP_4.5,北部地区增温更加速。其他农业热量资源随温度变化趋势相一致,但具体空间分布有所不同。生长季降水总体呈增加趋势,但不显著,年际间变化较大;东部地区降水增加,西部减少。未来东北地区总体向暖湿方向发展,热量资源整体增加,但与降水的不匹配可能将会对农业生产造成不利的影响。 相似文献
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In this study, the spatial distribution and changing trends of agricultural heat and precipitation resources in Northeast China were analyzed to explore the impacts of future climate changes on agroclimatic resources in the region. This research is based on the output meteorological data from the regional climate model system for Northeast China from 2005 to 2099, under low and high radiative forcing scenarios RCP4.5 (low emission scenario) and RCP8.5 (high emission scenario) as proposed in IPCC AR5. Model outputs under the baseline scenario, and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were assimilated with observed data from 91 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2010 to perform the analyses. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial distribution of temperature decreases from south to north, and the temperature is projected to increase in all regions, especially under a high emission scenario. The average annual temperature under the baseline scenario is 7.70°C, and the average annual temperatures under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are 9.67°C and 10.66°C, respectively. Other agricultural heat resources change in accordance with temperature changes. Specifically, the first day with temperatures ≥10°C arrives 3 to 4 d earlier, the first frost date is delayed by 2 to 6 d, and the duration of the growing season is lengthened by 4 to 10 d, and the accumulated temperature increases by 400 to 700°C·d. Water resources exhibit slight but not significant increases. (2) While the historical temperature increase rate is 0.35°C/10a, the rate of future temperature increase is the highest under the RCP8.5 scenario at 0.48°C/10a, compared to 0.19°C/10a under the RCP4.5 scenario. In the later part of this century, the trend of temperature increase is significantly faster under the RCP8.5 scenario than under the RCP4.5 scenario, with faster increases in the northern region. Other agricultural heat resources exhibit similar trends as temperature, but with different specific spatial distributions. Precipitation in the growing season generally shows an increasing but insignificant trend in the future, with relatively large yearly fluctuations. Precipitation in the eastern region is projected to increase, while a decrease is expected in the western region. The future climate in Northeast China will change towards higher temperature and humidity. The heat resource will increase globally, however its disparity with the change in precipitation may negatively affect agricultural activities. 相似文献
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过去300年大兴安岭北部气候变化特征（英文） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Greater Khingan Mountains(Daxinganling) are China's important ecological protective screen and also the region most sensitive to climate changes. To gain an in-depth understanding and reveal the climate change characteristic in this high-latitude, cold and data-insufficient region is of great importance to maintaining ecological safety and corresponding to global climate changes. In this article, the annual average temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration series were firstly constructed using tree-ring data and the meteorological observation data. Then, using the climate tendency rate method, moving-t-testing method, Yamamoto method and wavelet analysis method, we have investigated the climate changes in the region during the past 307 years. Results indicate that, since 1707, the annual average temperature increased significantly, the precipitation increased slightly and the sunshine duration decreased, with the tendency rates of 0.06℃/10 a, 0.79 mm/10 a and –5.15 h/10 a, respectively(P≤0.01). Since the 21 st century, the period with the greatest increase of the annual average temperature(also with the greatest increase of precipitation) corresponds to the period with greatest decrease of sunshine duration. Three sudden changes of the annual average temperature and sunshine duration occurred in this period while two sudden changes of precipitation occurred. The strong sudden-change years of precipitation and sunshine duration are basically consistent with the sudden-change years of annual average temperature, suggesting that in the mid-1860 s, the climatic sudden change or transition really existed in this region. In the time domain, the climatic series of this region exhibit obvious local variation characteristics. The annual average temperature and sunshine duration exhibit the periodic variations of 25 years while the precipitation exhibits a periodic variation of 20 years. Based on these periodic characteristics, one can infer that in the period from 2013 to 2030, the temperature will be at a high-temperature stage, the precipitation will be at an abundant-precipitation stage and the sunshine duration will be at an less-sunshine stage. In terms of spatial distribution, the leading distribution type of the annual average temperature in this region shows integrity, i.e., it is easily higher or lower in the whole region; and the second distribution type is more(or less) in the southwest parts and less(or more) in the northeast parts. Precipitation and sunshine duration exhibit complex spatial distribution and include fourspatial distribution types. The present study can provide scientific basis for the security investigation of homeland, ecological and water resources as well as economic development programming in China's northern borders. 相似文献
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1961-2011年山东气候资源及气候生产力时空变化特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于山东省21个气象站1961-2011年的气象资料,利用线性趋势、IDW空间插值、Mann-Kendall检验、Fisher最优分割等方法分析了气温和降水的时空变化特征;在此基础上采用Thornthwaite Memorial模型对植被气候生产力的时空演变进行了研究,并探讨了气候生产力对气温和降水的敏感性。结果表明:近51年来山东省普遍增温,倾向率为0.359℃/10a,中部地区升温明显;年降水量在剧烈波动中略呈下降趋势,20世纪80年代降水量的变率较大,山东北部、东部、东南部降水量减少幅度较大。近51年来气候生产力存在较明显波动,总体呈增加趋势,但递增速度不显著,1981-1989年气候生产力最低,2003-2011年达到最高水平;气候生产力由北向南,由西向东逐渐增加,山东西南部气候生产力增加较多。“暖湿型”气候对作物气候生产力有利,气候变暖有利于气候生产力的提高,但降水量少是限制气候生产力的主要因素。 相似文献
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黄河流域上游降水时空结构特征 总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21
黄河兰州以上区域水资源量占黄河流域水资源的一半以上,研究黄河上游兰州以上区域降水时空结构变化具有重要意义。本文利用黄河兰州以上19个降水站点1959~1998年系列数据,采用EOF技术分析了黄河上游降水的时空结构特征与变化。结果表明：黄河上游兰州以上区域降水存在四种典型降水类型,即“全部一致型”、“南北型”、“东西型”和“相间复杂型”。但第一特征向量为主导,其时间变化系数与年降水量基本一致,说明黄河流域兰州以上降水主要受青藏高原大尺度气候影响,具有降水偏多（少）一致性特征。从时间尺度上降水有减少的趋势;并伴随3、6、和11年的周期变化,而且在1986和1991年发生突变。 相似文献
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气候变率影响下博茨瓦纳河流流量的时空变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Nnyaladzi BATISANI 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(3):417-428
The fourth assessment report of the IPCC highlights that the global average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.8 to 4.0℃ by the year 2100 compared to current climate. Given that climate is the most important driver of the hydrological cycle, the rise in temperature could cause changes in occurrence patterns of extreme hydrologic events like streamflow droughts. An increase in frequency and severity of these events could pose seri-ous challenges for sustainable management of water resources particular in arid regions. However, the understanding of water resources dynamics and the possible impacts of climate change on these dynamics is hindered by uncertainties in climate change models and com-plex hydrological responses of streams and catchments to climatic changes. Therefore ob-servational evidence of streamflow dynamics at the local scale could play a crucial role in addressing these uncertainties and achieving a fuller reconciliation between model-based scenarios and ground truth. This paper determines spatial and temporal changes in stream-flow volumes and their association with climatic factors based on the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and ANOVA to determine possible changes in streamflow over the years and their relation to climatic factors. Streamflow is generally stochastic highlighting the im-portance of factoring in temporal flow variability in water resources planning. There is no clear evidence that changes in climatic variables are related to streamflow behaviour. 相似文献
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我国夏玉米潜在种植分布区的气候适宜性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据我国188 个夏玉米农业气象观测站资料与1971-2000 年10 km×10 km空间分辨率的气候资料,结合国家层次和年尺度筛选出的影响我国玉米种植分布的潜在气候指标,利用最大熵(MaxEnt) 模型和ArcGIS空间分析技术,构建了我国夏玉米潜在种植分布与气候因子关系模型,研究了影响我国夏玉米潜在种植分布的主导气候因子及其气候适宜性。结果表明,影响我国夏玉米潜在种植分布的主导气候因子有：无霜期、年平均温度、≥ 10 oC积温持续天数、≥ 0 oC积温、≥ 10 oC积温、最冷月平均温度、最热月平均温度、年降水;采用夏玉米存在概率这一综合反映各主导因子作用的指标,将我国夏玉米潜在种植分布区划分为4 个等级：最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区,并阐述了各气候适宜区的气候特征。研究结果可为夏玉米种植的科学布局及制定应对气候变化政策提供参考。 相似文献
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研究区域水资源不平衡背后的“俱乐部趋同”现象,对于水资源调节以及水资源均衡配置具有重要的理论和实践意义。基于2004-2015年我国31个省（市、区）的人均水资源数据,利用扩展的马尔科夫链模型检测了不同时长下我国省际水资源量分布的俱乐部趋同现象,并分析了其时间特征。结果表明：即使在5 a的时间积累下,我国人均水资源量仍存在着明显的俱乐部趋同现象,高水平和低水平地区水资源量分布高度固化,且俱乐部趋同程度在2008年开始向恶化的趋势发展,可见当前我国区域水资源调节力度有待进一步加强。最后论文根据各地区人均水资源在考察期各年所属俱乐部类型、类型转移频率等因素对各地区进行了分类,以对区域水资源调节提供支持和参考。 相似文献