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1.
The Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean and their ocean-continent connection zones are the core area of "the Belt and Road". Scientific and in-depth recognition to the natural environment, disaster distribution, resources, energy potential of “the Belt and Road” development, is the cut-in point of the current Earth science community to serve urgent national needs. This paper mainly discusses the following key tectonic problems in the West Pacific and North Indian oceans and their ocean-continent connection zones (OCCZs): 1. modern marine geodynamic problems related to the two oceans. Based on the research and development needs to the two oceans and the ocean-continent transition zones, this item includes the following questions. (1) Plate origin, growth, death and evolution in the two oceans, for example, 1) The initial origin and process of the triangle Pacific Plate including causes and difference of the Galapagos and West Shatsky microplates; 2) spatial and temporal process, present status and trends of the plates within the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific Ocean to the evolution of the East Asian Continental Domain; 3) origin and evolution of the Indian Ocean and assembly and dispersal of supercontinents. (2) Latest research progress and problems of mid-oceanic ridges: 1) the ridge-hot spot interaction and ridge accretion, how to think about the relationship between vertical accretion behavior of thousands years or tens of thousands years and lateral spreading of millions years at 0 Ma mid-oceanic ridges; 2) the difference of formation mechanisms between the back-arc basin extension and the normal mid-oceanic ridge spreading; 3) the differentials between ultra-slow dian Ocean and the rapid Pacific spreading, whether there are active and passive spreading, and a push force in the mid-oceanic ridge; 4) mid-oceanic ridge jumping and termination: causes of the intra-oceanic plate reorganization, termination, and spatial jumps; 5) interaction of mantle plume and mid-oceanic ridge. (3) On the intra-oceanic subduction and tectonics: 1) the origin of intra-oceanic arc and subduction, ridge subduction and slab window on continental margins, transform faults and transform-type continental margin; 2) causes of the large igneous provinces, oceanic plateaus and seamount chains. (4) The oceanic core complex and rheology of oceanic crust in the Indian Ocean. (5) Advances on the driving force within oceanic plates, including mantle convection, negative buoyancy, trench suction and mid-oceanic ridge push, is reviewed and discussed. 2. The ocean-continent connection zones near the two oceans, including: (1) Property of continental margin basement: the crusts of the Okinawa Trough, the Okhotsk Sea, and east of New Zealand are the continental crusts or oceanic crusts, and origin of micro-continent within the oceans; (2) the ocean-continent transition and coupling process, revealing from the comparison of the major events between the West Pacific Ocean seamount chains and the continental margins, mantle exhumation and the ocean-continent transition zones, causes of transform fault within back-arc basin, formation and subduction of transform-type continental margin; (3) strike-slip faulting between the West Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continent and its temporal and spatial range and scale; (4) connection between deep and surface processes within the two ocean and their connection zones, namely the assembly among the Eurasian, Pacific and India-Australia plates and the related effect from the deep mantle, lithosphere, to crust and surface Earth system, and some related issues within the connection zones of the two oceans under the super-convergent background. 3. On the relationship, especially their present relations and evolutionary trends, between the Paleo- or Present-day Pacific plates and the Tethyan Belt, the Eurasian Plate or the plates within the Indian Ocean. At last, this paper makes a perspective of the related marine geology, ocean-continent connection zone and in-depth geology for the two oceans and one zone. 相似文献
2.
南海及其围区中生代岩相古地理和构造演化 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
以岩相古地理分析和编图为基础,结合构造变动和岩浆活动资料,阐述了南海及其围区中生代构造演化。中生代时研究区位于欧亚大陆的东南缘,受特提斯域和太平洋域交替复合影响。早三叠世时古特提斯洋经过黑水河盆地东延至南海。从中三叠世开始构造岩相古地理演化出现明显的东西分异。晚三叠世时,受印支运动影响华南地块与印支地块拼合,研究区西部抬升,黑水河水道关闭;而研究区东部和东南部却受古太平洋的影响发生海侵,形成“粤东-西北加里曼丹海盆”,该海盆在早侏罗世遭受更大海侵,导致与中特提斯的良好贯通。中侏罗世在中特提斯发生过短暂海侵而形成“滇缅海”。晚侏罗世至早白垩世是中特提斯洋和古太平洋的俯冲鼎盛期,形成绵延数千km的欧亚大陆东南缘俯冲增生带。文中还讨论了中特提斯向南海延伸的通道、中特提斯与古太平洋对南海中生代演化的交替和复合影响以及南海东北部新近发现的晚中生代俯冲带等问题。 相似文献
3.
T. K. Zlobin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,480(1):599-601
The peculiarities of catastrophic earthquakes that occurred in the Northwest Pacific region on January 13, 2007, and January 15, 2007, east of the Kuril Islands and the Tohoku megaearthquake of March 11, 2011, east of Japan are considered and analyzed. It is revealed that these earthquakes, apart from the fact that they occurred in the transition zone from the Pacific to island arcs and the Eurasian continent, have common features and similar characteristics. The seismotectonic slip in the source of the chronologically first event, the 2006 Kuril earthquake, was a gentle thrust, while that of the second event of January 13, 2007, was a downthrow beneath the Kuril deep trench. 相似文献
4.
博罗—大亚湾断陷区位于广东省惠州市西南部,处在我国东南沿海构造活动带,自新生代以来,受太平洋板块和欧亚大陆板块俯冲作用的影响,洋陆系统相互作用导致构造活动活跃,岩浆侵入、火山喷发频繁,地震活动强烈,地表热流值较全国而言比较高,沿着北西走向的博罗—大亚湾线性断陷系统内发育厚层的陆相碎屑沉积,众多的高温热泉出露在裂陷边界,显示出良好的地热资源潜力。通过研究分析深部重磁电震等地球物理资料,发现区域内不仅拥有丰富的浅层次水热型地热热源,深部层位可能存在优质的干热岩储层,初步推断其热源来自新生代南海地幔底辟作用,其导致壳幔物质非均匀流动,在陆壳地区底部发生熔融,向浅部不断传导形成线性热隆伸展构造,控制着整个断陷内的地热系统。 相似文献
5.
早白垩世时期华北克拉通的演化为探索大陆再造提供了典型案例，强烈地壳伸展、岩石圈减薄及克拉通破坏的机理及动力学长期以来一直是争议的焦点。早白垩世岩石圈伸展形成了包括辽南和五莲变质核杂岩在内的地壳伸展构造组合，同时伴随着巨量壳- 幔岩浆活动性，这些构造- 岩浆活动是克拉通岩石圈壳- 幔耦合拆离与解耦拆离作用的结果，可以用克拉通岩石圈壳- 幔拆离模型(parallel extension tectonics)解释。与此同时，具有相似特点(时间、几何学、运动学和动力学)的构造- 岩浆活动遍布包含东北亚、中国华北和华南及俄罗斯远东地区等在内的整个欧亚大陆东部地区，反映在统一构造环境中发展和演化的本质，而华北克拉通成为早白垩世欧亚大陆东部地区岩石圈伸展的典型案例。广布的早白垩世伸展构造东侧紧邻古太平洋板块俯冲作用形成的陆缘增生杂岩带，构成独特的古太平洋型活动大陆边缘。这种大陆边缘保留和记录了与现今西太平洋型和安第斯型活动大陆边缘全然不一致的构造特点，包含增生杂岩(海沟增生楔处)与面状伸展构造域两个构造要素，但缺乏典型的大规模岩浆弧的存在。地幔分层对流对于古太平洋- 欧亚大陆间洋陆相互作用、大陆岩石圈伸展、克拉通岩石圈减薄与破坏提供了重要动力来源，而板块边缘力起着重要的辅助作用。 相似文献
6.
The results of detailed seismic crustal investigations in the marginal part of the transition zone from the Asian continent to the Pacific Ocean are discussed. The observations were carried out during 1963 and 1964 by expeditions of the Institute of Physics of the Earth of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences and the Sakhalin Complex Research Institute, Siberian Division of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. The results of these measurements have been described in detail in a monograph, by Zverev and Tulina, entitled Deep Seismic Sounding of the Earth's Crust in the Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Primorye Zone (1971).
The distribution of seismic crustal characteristics is studied and schematic maps of the surface of presumably Cretaceous and Meso-Paleozoic (or pre-Paleozoic) sediments near Sakhalin Island as well as of the mantle surface in the Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Primorye zone are presented. 相似文献
7.
The analysis of geological and geophysical data on the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain indicates that the commonly assumed origin of its lithosphere is inconsistent with the geothermal model of the oceanic-bottom formation. To reveal the nature of the Hawaiian-Emperor Ridge, the main tectonic units of the North Pacific were thoroughly analyzed and a map of geothermal data, magnetic anomalies, and bottom age in this region has been compiled. The subsidence rate of the lithosphere that was thermally rejuvenated by plume material after the passing of the Pacific plate over the Hawaiian hot spot was calculated with the aid of the bathymetric database for the World Ocean. The calculated parameters show that the lithosphere, which underwent thermal rejuvenation, subsides at a much lower rate than it spreads. The obtained empirical equation describes the abrupt uplifting and further subsidence of the oceanic floor during the passing of the Pacific Plate over the Hawaiian plume. The heat flow calculated in line with the thermophysical model of the thermally rejuvenated lithosphere is close to the heat flow measured at the surface of the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamounts. Thus, the proposed model is realistic. Paleogeodynamic reconstructions of the thermal regime during the formation of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain were made in absolute coordinate system for the period 90–20 Ma on the basis of geological and geophysical data and the calculated distribution of bottom ages in the North Pacific. 相似文献
8.
《China Geology》2020,3(2):314-338
The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans three terrain steps in China and features diverse topography that is characterized by significant differences in geological structure and present-day crustal deformation. Active faults and seismic activity are important geological factors for the planning and development of the YREB. In this paper, the spatial distribution and activity of 165 active faults that exist along the YREB have been compiled from previous findings, using both remote-sensing data and geological survey results. The crustal stability of seven particularly noteworthy typical active fault zones and their potential effects on the crustal stability of the urban agglomerations are analyzed. The main active fault zones in the western YREB, together with the neighboring regional active faults, make up an arc fault block region comprising primarily of Sichuan-Yunnan and a “Sichuan-Yunnan arc rotational-shear active tectonic system” strong deformation region that features rotation, shear and extensional deformation. The active faults in the central-eastern YREB, with seven NE-NNE and seven NW-NWW active faults (the “7-longitudinal, 7-horizontal” pattern), macroscopically make up a “chessboard tectonic system” medium-weak deformation region in the geomechanical tectonic system. They are also the main geological constraints for the crustal stability of the YREB. 相似文献
9.
A. I. Malinovsky 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2018,53(2):140-158
The geochemical composition of Cretaceous terrigenous rocks of the West Sakhalin terrane is analyzed and their paleogeodynamic interpretation is suggested. It is revealed that the rocks are characterized by the low maturity of clastic material. They contain fragments of both volcanomictic and sialic material and in composition correspond to graywackes, being petrogenic or “first cycle” rocks. The geochemical data were generalized and interpreted on the basis of their comparison with compositions of the present-day and ancient rocks formed in known geodynamic settings. The obtained results indicate that terrigenous rocks of the terrane were formed in a pull-apart basin at an active continental margin. The source area, which supplied clastic material in this sedimentation basin during the Berriasian–Danian, included a sialic land made up of granite-metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and the mature (deeply dissected) ensialic Moneron–Samarga island arc, which was accreted to the continental margin at the moment of basin initiation. Sediments were accumulated in general along the continent–ocean boundary against the background of large-scale sinistral transform strike-slip movements of the Izanagi Plate relative to the Eurasian continent. 相似文献
10.
Ma Zongjin 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)
THE GLOBAL TECTONIC SYSTEMS AND A LATITUDINAL MOUNTAIN-PLATEAU CHAIN ON THE NORTH HEMISPHERE 相似文献
11.
The slab window system related to ridge subduction is studied to explain the conspicuous activity and the along-arc migration of the magmatisms in the eastern margin of Eurasian continent in the late Mesozoic. The trend of the granite ages is scrutinized with systems approach and analyzed by the statistical method in Cretaceous southwest Japan, a reference field of the Eurasian eastern margin. The magmatic distribution of simultaneous activity was determined to be the V-shape of the slab window, excluding dating errors from the located age data. The slab window magmatism has the most dominant zone of the acidic rocks at or near the centerline of the window (the spreading center of two plates), and also has the subdominant zone of the acidic to intermediate rocks on either side of the window.As the slab window opens due to the plate motions, the upwelling current is adiabatically induced in the asthenosphere to fill the window gap. The partial melt is generated in the upwelling flux and transports heat to the lower crust to make greater granitic magma chambers by heat conduction to, and assimilation with, the crustal matter. The younger and hotter slabs outside the window also play a role in partial slab melting and/or dehydration to the asthenosphere and generate the subdominant granodioritic and adakitic and/or high-magnesian andesitic magmatisms as the pre- and post-activities of the main granite genesis.The slab window formed by the subducted ridge between the Kula and Pacific plates was the strong heat source of the active magmatisms and migrated at the rate of 2.8 cm/year from southwest to northeast about 8000 km along the continental margin. The growth of the continent associated with the active acidic to intermediate magmatisms including the adakitic and/or high-magnesian andesitic activities is modeled by the slab window system. 相似文献
12.
地球上满布着大大小小、各式各样的断裂,其中一部分,断到了地壳深处乃至地肉(Mantle)中,这类断裂通常被称为深断裂或主要断裂。关于这类断裂的研究,早在本世纪初,W.H.霍布斯就已推想到某些地形特征可能与地壳裂缝有关。R.A.松德尔着重研究了线形构造(Lineament),强调了北东-南西向和北西-南东向线形构造的重要性,并认为沿它们进行的平移剪切运动(Rhegmagertese)是地壳的主导运动之一。深断裂这一术语是A.B.裴伟首先提出来的,在1956午,他又发表了两篇有关深断裂的总结性论文。 F.A.维宁.迈勒慈研究了星球性剪切网络及它与极位移、壳下对流的关系。 相似文献
13.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1756-1770
The Pacific Mobile belt is differentiated into an outer (continental) zone of predominantly Mesozoic folding (Verkhoyansk -Chukotka, Mongolo-Okhotsk, and Sikhote-Alin folded provinces) and an inner oceanic zone of Cenozoic folding, adjacent to mobile provinces of the "island arc" type (Sakhalin, the Kuriles, Kamchatka). These zones are separated by the East-Asian volcanic belt associated with a fault system which cuts off the older Mesozoic Verkhoyansk-Chukotka and Sikhote- Alin structures. Two important mineralization epochs are evident - Sino-Cambrian and late Mesozoic- Cenozoic. The Mesozoic-Cenozoic mineralization epoch exhibits a definite tendency for “rejuvenation” of the mineralization processes, going away from the continent and toward the Pacific trough, from late Jurassic in the eastern Trans-Baykal region and parts of the northeast to Neogene in the province of the Okhotsk geosynclines. An outstanding feature of endogeneous mineralization in this region is the linear arrangement of the ore zones determined by a system of major magma-controlling and other faults.—C. E. Sears 相似文献
14.
西北太平洋各边缘海及其相应俯冲系统受深部构造活动等地质条件的控制,热流变化较大。在收集整理该区域最新的热流数据基础上,重点探讨西北太平洋俯冲带热结构相关理论、边缘海大洋岩石圈热演化理论模型和局部高异常热流的影响因素,总结了西北太平洋边缘海热流所反映的地质意义。研究结果表明,在西北太平洋“沟-弧-海”体系中,从“沟”到“弧”再到“边缘海”,热流密度呈“低-高-较高”的变化趋势,弧后地区整体表现为“均一高热”特征;千岛海沟、日本海沟和琉球海沟热流密度值在30.0 mW/m2左右,而对应的岛弧值为其2~3倍。弧后热流大小受到汇聚型俯冲带热结构的影响,俯冲带脱水作用导致的弧后上地幔黏度变化,地震速度降低,岩石圈弹性厚度减薄,引起小尺度地幔对流,形成弧后“均一高热”的热状态。热流的时空分布与岩石圈年龄也有关,随着岩石圈年龄增大,地表热流密度值会随之降低,热流密度值大小和离散性与其形成时间大致呈负相关。鄂霍次克海形成时代(30~65 Ma)较早,其热流密度值(86.8 mW/m2)和离散性(标准差3.727)相对较低;冲绳海槽目前还处于扩张阶段,其热流密度值(139.0 mW/m2)和离散性(标准差7.001)较高。浅层的地下水循环、断裂活动,深层的地幔部分熔融岩浆活动、弧后小尺度地幔对流、俯冲带拐角流等对局部异常热流起到一定程度的控制作用。 相似文献
15.
WANG Yang 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(4):810-827
The temperature distributions of the lithosphere underneath the mainland of China were estimated by applying local isostatic equilibrium-constrained geothermal calculations. Maps of the lateral temperature variation at depths of 40, 70, and 100 km are presented for the whole Chinese continent, with the thermal thickness of the lithosphere is calculated. Lithospheric roots of 160–200 km thickness underlie Tarim and the Upper Yangtze platform, but are absent beneath the entire Sino-Korean platform. In general, the Tibetan plateau and fold belts to the north have warm but thick lithospheres, whereas thinner thermal lithospheres have been identified in northern Tibet and central Tian Shan around Issyk-Kul Lake. The warm and soft lithosphere in the Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan are caused by uniform north–south shortening, which may represent a snapshot of the early stage of convective thinning of the convergent lithosphere. However, the lithospheric thinning beneath northeastern China might be related to volatile infiltration by dehydration of the deeply subducting Pacific slab during the Cenozoic. Dry and wet upper mantle rheology display “jelly sandwich” and “crème br?lée” pictures, respectively, demonstrating the mechanical behaviour of the Chinese lithosphere outside the Tibetan plateau. Considering a more geologically evident wet-mantle rheology, the “crème br?lée” model can approximate the lithospheric rheology for the most earthquake-prone regions on the Chinese mainland. 相似文献
16.
Tectonic stress pattern in the Chinese Mainland from the inversion of focal mechanism data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The tectonic stress pattern in the Chinese Mainland and kinematic models have been subjected to much debate. In the past several decades, several tectonic stress maps have been figured out; however, they generally suffer a poor time control. In the present study, 421 focal mechanism data up to January 2010 were compiled from the Global/Harvard CMT catalogue, and 396 of them were grouped into 23 distinct regions in function of geographic proximity. Reduced stress tensors were obtained from formal stress inversion for each region. The results indicated that, in the Chinese Mainland, the directions of maximum principal stress were ～NE–SW-trending in the northeastern region, ～NEE–SWW-trending in the North China region, ～N–S-trending in western Xinjiang, southern Tibet and the southern Yunnan region, ～NNE–SSW-trending in the northern Tibet and Qinghai region, ～NW–SE-trending in Gansu region, and ～E–W-trending in the western Sichuan region. The average tectonic stress regime was strike-slip faulting (SS) in the eastern Chinese Mainland and northern Tibet region, normal faulting (NF) in the southern Tibet, western Xinjiang and Yunnan region, and thrust faulting (TF) in most regions of Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu. The results of the present study combined with GPS velocities in the Chinese Mainland supported and could provide new insights into previous tectonic models (e.g., the extrusion model). From the perspective of tectonics, the mutual actions among the Eurasian plate, Pacific plate and Indian plate caused the present-day tectonic stress field in the Chinese Mainland. 相似文献
17.
辽宁寒岭-偏岭平移断裂带特征及其形成动力机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
寒岭—偏岭平移断裂带位于辽宁东部 ,是中国东部郯庐断裂东盘的一个次级断裂。它控制着辽东鞍山—本溪地区地质体的分布。通过对平移断裂的展布、形态、伴随构造、牵引构造、位移方向和幅度、平移时间、断层尾端及动力学演化等特征研究 ,认为该断裂主要活动于晚三叠世 ,在晚侏罗世—早白垩世最为活跃 ,伴随岩浆侵入活动、火山喷发及陆相沉积。断裂带长约 1 3 0km ,中段位移最大可达 3 1km ,向东西两端逐渐减少。该断裂活跃时期主要表现为左行平移性质。构造的活动 ,主要与中生代时期欧亚大陆与伊佐奈岐板块、太平洋板块的相互作用有关 相似文献
18.
First biogeographic maps are proposed for the late Eocene-Oligocene of the North Pacific. The maps are compiled based on distribution of 120 molluscan species studied in 30 reference sections of the region. The analyzed Machigar (Sakhalin), Rategin, Amanina-Gakh (western Kamchatka), Asagai-Momidziyama (Japan) type assemblages and their age analogues are well known and described long ago. Over 50 schematic biogeographic maps illustrate distribution areas of different taxa in the late Eocene, early Oligocene, and late Oligocene epochs. Some of them characterize distribution areas of individual species, while the others depict habitat areas of typical (Machigar and Rategin) assemblages or certain genera different in terms of their thermotropism. Analysis of the maps resulted in recognition of the Japan-Kamchatka and Kamchatka-North American paleoprovinces, and indications of general gradual seawater temperature decrease during the Oligocene are defined. The attention is paid to the commenced diversification of North Pacific biota that leads to formation of boreal communities and also to different-rank the amphipacific dusjunctions. 相似文献
19.
Weiwei Ding 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):781-788
ABSTRACT The broad zone between old oceanic lithosphere of the NW Pacific and Eastern Eurasian continental lithosphere is home to a chain of marginal basins. Different from oceans, marginal basins are more influenced by the underlying subduction zone both geophysically and geochemically and are more likely to be blanketed by sediments from the nearby continent. This special issue collects 19 papers that explore the tectonic, magmatic, sedimentary and fluid activity features of marginal basins during rifting, spreading and post-spreading stages. Most papers in this special issue focus on South China Sea marginal basins, where abundant research provides interesting insights into how marginal sea basins evolve. Because South China Sea basins are fully evolved and their key features have not been overprinted by younger deformation, the results of this special issue are very useful for understanding the evolution of other marginal basins. 相似文献
20.
We present the first seismic image of the upper mantle beneath the active intraplate Changbai volcano in Northeast Asia determined by teleseismic travel time tomography. The data are measured at a new seismic network consisting of 19 portable stations and 3 permanent stations. Our results show a columnar low-velocity anomaly extending to 400-km depth with a P-wave velocity reduction of up to 3%. High velocity anomalies are visible in the mantle transition zone, and deep-focus earthquakes occur at depths of 500–600 km under the region, suggesting that the subducting Pacific slab is stagnant in the transition zone, as imaged clearly by global tomography. These results suggest that the intraplate Changbai volcano is not a hotspot like Hawaii but a kind of back-arc volcano related to the deep subduction and stagnancy of the Pacific slab under Northeast Asia. 相似文献