首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This paper looks at the relation between the time-averaged level of the sea surface and a gravimertic geoid, as determined in coastal areas. Measurements in local regions can now be accurate enough to demonstrate that the geoid and mean sea level are not even parallel to each other, let alone identical. The accuracy and pattern structure of surface gravity data in some shelf seas is comparable with those on land, so that a marine geoid can be derived from surface data without using satellite altimetry. The geodetic objective is then to combine the two to determine sea surface topography. In principle, gravimetric studies provide the absolute datum so that local oceanographic models on the shelf can be combined with sea surface topography models related to the global ocean circulation. In contrast, sea surface topography information near deep ocean coasts must come from external sources and satellite altimetry used to give the gravity data needed to offset the less good coverage by ship-borne gravimetry.Marine Bouguer anomalies enable two specific problems of gravity anomaly patterns near the continent ocean transition to be overcome. The necessary extension of Stokes' condensation reduction is developed and illustrated along a north-south profile from the Mediterranean across the Cote d'Azur. The effect on gravity of deep ocean water introduces a geoid correction in the form of a dipolar ridge whose amplitude at the shore is about 11 cm. In addition to geostrophic currents, a semi-quantitative model for the thermohaline effects on sea surface topography is discussed in relation to sea level differences between the Atlantic and Mediterranean.In considering appropriate algorithms for local geoid computation, Kirby's Iterative Fourier Combination routine for combining altimetry and surface gravity is extended to account for global sea surface topography. The impact of very fast spherical harmonic analysis algorithms is discussed and a simple physical model is given which explains the short coherence lengths found for the global gravity field. This necessary assumption for any local geoid computation was hitherto purely empirical.Finally, the use of land data such as tide gauges, ellipsoidal heights from GPS, and orthometric heights from first order levelling are reviewed as ways of corroborating geodetic estimates of sea surface topography and its relation to levelling datums. Successful examples are given from southern England.  相似文献   

2.
A total of 11,500 line km of aerogravity data have been used to construct an free-air gravity anomaly map for the Antarctic region that may contain the microplate boundary between the Haag Nunataks block and southern Antarctic Peninsula. Along-line free-air gravity anomaly data resolved wavelengths of 9 km or greater with better than 5 mGal accuracy. Coincident radio echo soundings provided data to construct a digital terrain model. The gravity effect of the terrain was calculated by Gauss–Legendre quadrature (GLQ) and spectrally correlated with the free-air gravity data. Terrain-correlated free-air anomalies related to possible isostatic imbalances of the crust were separated from terrain-decorrelated anomalies that may reflect intra-crustal density contrasts. Subtracting terrain-correlated free-air anomalies from the gravity effects of the terrain yielded compensated terrain gravity effects (CTGE) that were used to model the Moho by inversion. The results indicate moderate but significant crustal thinning below the Evans Ice Stream that is consistent with an extensional origin for the deep, wide, steep-sided trough that contains the ice stream as well as the continued elevation of the footwall flank of the basin. Changes along the axis of the rift, both in the gravity anomaly field and the distribution of Moho topography, can be explained by processes associated with continental lithospheric extension. Subsequently, many of the features produced by extension have been modified by glacial erosion and the sub-ice topography and gravity data reflect this.  相似文献   

3.
The Western Ghats (WG), a topographic scarp facing towards the west coast of India and extending over diverse geological terranes – Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP), Dharwar Craton (DC) and Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT), is an enigmatic geomorphic feature. WG is characterized by low gravity anomalies. In order to decipher the sources of gravity anomalies, we have decomposed the gravity anomalies using wavelength filter and have obtained estimates of the depth to crust-mantle boundary (CMB) under WG and surrounding regions from the inversion of gravity data, which is compared with seismically determined CMB estimates. Overall, the CMB depth varies from 33 to 50 km, which is consistent with seismically determined values, except in the region of shear zones between DC and SGT probably indicating a different density contrast at CMB. The major source of gravity low is found to be the deepening of CMB under the WG compared to adjacent regions regardless of surface lithology. The CMB depths under WG and surrounding region generally approximate the CMB depths estimated for low strength flexural isostatic models, which suggests that flexural compensation of uplifted topography, later modified by tectonic and denudation processes, is a likely development model for the Western Ghats.  相似文献   

4.
The recovery of gravity field parameters using various heterogeneous data is performed according to the input/output system theory (IOST) method. The combination of different data sets is carried out by the application of a multiple input — multiple output system. The theory of the algorithm is presented and some conclusions on the assumptions made for the data properties are drawn. Comparisons between a combined system and individual uncorrelated systems are made and the proper use of the data sets in each case is discussed. Finally, an application is presented, where input data, such as shipborne gravity anomalies and sea surface heights (SSHs) derived from different satellite missions, are optimally combined in order to estimate marine geoid heights and sea surface topography (SST).  相似文献   

5.
Flexural modeling of bending of the southern and southeastern borders of the Amazon lithospheric plate under the western border of the Goiás Massif and western Parnaı́ba basin was constrained by 1070 gravity stations between 5°–14°S and 46°–52.5°W. Topography and aeromagnetic data were also used to estimate the loads of the Araguaia thrust belt. A sequence of Bouguer gravity anomaly lows (−80 to −40 mGal) is located over the Araguaia thrust belt and Cenozoic sediments of the Ilha do Bananal basin. Bouguer anomalies over the Amazon craton, to the west of the thrust belt, are higher than −20 mGal. Towards the east, over the Goiás Massif, the São Francisco craton and the Paleozoic to Mesozoic Parnaı́ba basin, anomalies range from −70 to −20 mGal. Comparison between topography and gravity along profiles perpendicular to the cratonic borders and across the Araguaia thrust belt shows that the long-wavelength gravity anomalies are best explained by bending of the Amazon plate caused by loads such as the observed topography, the thrust-sheets of the Araguaia belt and the remnants of ancient island-arc system in the Goiás massif. The thickness of the Araguaia thrust belt together with the Cenozoic sediments was estimated using aeromagnetic data and it ranges from 6 to 8 km. This load was used to calculate the minimum effective elastic thickness Te for the Amazon plate. Te=80 km was estimated by comparing the observed Bouguer anomalies with the gravity anomalies caused by bending of the crust-mantle interface of a broken elastic plate model. These results support the proposition that the Araguaia belt formed during the collision and suture of the Amazon and the São Francisco lithospheric plates, in late Proterozoic times.  相似文献   

6.
Explosion seismic experiments, gravity measurements and aeromagnetic surveys were made in the northern Mizuho Plateau including the Ongul Islands, East Antarctica, from 1979 to 1982 by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions. The objective of these field operations was to determine the crustal structure along the 300 km-long oversnow traverse route between Syowa and Mizuho Stations. Three big shots were fired; at sea near Syowa Station, in an ice hole near Mizuho Station and in an ice hole between both stations. Twenty-seven temporal seismic stations were set up along the route. Gravity measurements were carried out at 30 points along this route. Aeromagnetic surveys over the area were made four times.In the seismic experiments, clear refracted waves from the Conrad (estimated depth 30 km) and the Moho (estimated depth 40 km) discontinuities were recorded. No layer with a velocity of less than 6 km/s was found in the Ongul Islands nor beneath the ice sheet in the surveyed area. The P-wave velocity in the upper layer varies with depth from 6.0 km/s on the surface to 6.4 km/s at a depth of 13 km. Comparing the observed record section with synthetic seismograms, it was derived that the Conrad was not associated with a sharp velocity discontinuity, but a linear velocity increase of 0.55 km/s in a transition zone of 2.4 km thick. Velocities of P* and Pn were determined as 6.95 km/s and 7.93 km/s assuming a flat layered structure.Bouguer gravity anomalies could not be calculated along the whole profile because of a lack of data on bedrock topography, so reduced gravity anomalies were calculated. These anomalies indicate no abrupt changes of the bedrock topography.  相似文献   

7.
Africa’s landscape is dominated by a manifold of second-order epeirogenic structures superimposed on a first-order bimodal topography. Bivariate regression analysis of Africa’s surface topography shows that this is a complexly folded surface with regionally elevated areas in southern and eastern Africa, and a topographically low northern and western Africa. The apparent spatial relationships between these features are analysed using anomaly correlation between surface topography and free-air gravity anomalies. Occurrences of positively correlated features between gravity and topography in Africa are found to be limited to second-order epeirogenic features. Geophysical modelling and geologic evidence indicate that Africa’s bimodal topography is genetically distinct from these second-order features, and linked to sources as deep as the sublithospheric mantle. The age, measured and modelled elevation of the bimodal topography require that topographic uplift of south-central Africa be episodic. We infer from our findings together with relative sea-level changes, that the near-bimodality of Africa’s topography is an ancient feature inherited at least from upper Paleozoic times. Our reconstructed paleotopography suggests that Africa was largely a low-lying continent dominated by its cratons, and that basement distribution disregards the present-day uplift patterns of Africa.  相似文献   

8.
Cuddapah basin is known for hosting unconformity proximal uranium deposits viz., Lambapur, Peddagattu, Chitirial and Koppunuru along the northern margin of the basin. It is well known that these deposits are mostly associated with basement granitoids in Srisailam Sub-basin, and with cover sediments in Palnad subbasin where basement topography and fault/fracture system influence the fluid flow causing basement alteration and ore deposition. Geological setup, surface manifestation of uranium anomalies and association of the hydro-uranium anomalies near Durgi area in southern part of the Palnad sub-basin, have prompted detail investigation by geophysical methods to probe greater depths. Controlled Source Audio Magneto Telluric (CSAMT) survey conducted over five decades of frequency (0.1-9600 Hz) delineated the various lithounits of Kurnool and Nallamalai Groups along with their thicknesses as there exist an appreciable resistivity contrast. Interpretation of CSAMT sounding data are constrained by resistivity logs and litholog data obtained from the boreholes drilled within the basin indicated three to four layered structure. Sub-surface 2-D and 3-D geo-electrical models are simulated by stitching 1-D layered inverted resistivity earth models. Stitched 1-D inverted resistivity sections revealed the unconformity between the Kurnool Group and Nallamalai Group along with basement undulations. The faults/fractures delineated from the CSAMT data corroborated well with the results of gravity data acquired over the same area. Simulated 3-D voxel resistivity model helped in visualising the faults/fractures, their depth extent, thickness of the Banganapalle quartzite and basement configuration. Integrated interpretation of CSAMT, gravity and borehole data facilitated in delineating the unconformity and the structural features favourable for uranium mineralisation in deeper parts of the Palnad sub-basin.  相似文献   

9.
徐伟民  陈石  石磊 《地球科学》2014,39(12):1831-1841
基于最新重力场模型对2014年于田Ms7.3地震震区的重力异常特征进行分析, 并应用Crust1.0地壳模型计算得到震区的深部构造形态, 结果显示: 震中位于地壳厚度陡变带上.同2008年于田Ms7.3地震相比, 震中虽位于不同位置, 但发震机制均与深部地壳结构变化密切相关.统计研究区内历史地震活动性与重力异常之间的关系, 发现震中的自由空气异常与地形存在明显的线性相关性, 而布格异常和均衡异常的结果则明显不同.进一步地分别计算不同重力异常的水平总梯度和线性信号, 结果表明: 重力异常梯度量与地形的相关特性更明显.研究表明: Ms7.0以上大震活动与重力异常之间具有明显的统计特性学, 这可能与重力异常反映的深部结构和壳内质量分布的不均匀有关.   相似文献   

10.
Petit 《地学学报》1998,10(3):160-169
To better understand how active deformation localizes within a continental plate in response to extensional and transtensional tectonics, a combined analysis of high-quality gravity (Bouguer anomaly) and seismicity data is presented consisting of about 35000 earthquakes recorded in the Baikal Rift Zone. This approach allows imaging of deformation patterns from the surface down to the Moho. A comparison is made with heat flow variations in order to assess the importance of lithospheric rheology in the style of extensional deformation. Three different rift sectors can be identified. The southwestern rift sector is characterized by strong gravity and topography contrasts marked by two major crustal faults and diffuse seismicity. Heat flow shows locally elevated values, correlated with recent volcanism and negative seismic P-velocity anomalies. Based on earthquake fault plane solutions and on previous stress field inversions, it is proposed that strain decoupling may occur in this area in response to wrench-compressional stress regime imposed by the India–Asia collision. The central sector is characterized by two major seismic belts; the southernmost one corresponds to a single, steeply dipping fault accommodating oblique extension; in the centre of lake Baikal, a second seismic belt is associated with several dip-slip faults and subcrustal thinning at the rift axis in response to orthogonal extension. The northern rift sector is characterized by a wide, low Bouguer anomaly which corresponds to a broad, high topographic dome and seismic belts and swarms. This topography can be explained by lithospheric buoyancy forces possibly linked to anomalous upper mantle. At a more detailed scale, no clear correlation appears between the surficial fault pattern and the gravity signal. As in other continental rifts, it appears that the lithospheric rheology influences extensional basins morphology. However, in the Baikal rift, the inherited structural fabric combined with stress field variations results in oblique rifting tectonics which seem to control the geometry of southern and northeastern rift basins.  相似文献   

11.
二维密度界面的遗传算法反演   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
二维密度界面的反演可表述成非线性优化问题，本文用遗传算法进行反演计算，首先把连续的密度界面分割成若干单元，在单元中用形函数拟合，再用高斯积分求解重力异常值，把约束条件和拟合方差组合成目标函数，用园柱体和二维盆地模型的反演实例表明，用遗传算法，反演二维密度界面是可行的  相似文献   

12.
The basement rocks of the poorly understood Thomson Orogen are concealed by mid-Paleozoic to Upper Cretaceous intra-continental basins and direct information about the orogen is gleaned from sparse geological data. Constrained potential field forward modelling has been undertaken to highlight key features and resolve deeply sourced anomalies within the Thomson Orogen. The Thomson Orogen is characterised by long-wavelength and low-amplitude geophysical anomalies when compared with the northern and western Precambrian terranes of the Australian continent. Prominent NE- and NW-trending gravity anomalies reflect the fault architecture of the region. High-intensity Bouguer gravity anomalies correlate with shallow basement rocks. Bouguer gravity anomalies below –300 µm/s2 define the distribution of the Devonian Adavale Basin and associated troughs. The magnetic grid shows smooth textures, punctuated by short-wavelength, high-intensity anomalies that indicate magnetic contribution at different crustal levels. It is interpreted that meta-sedimentary basement rocks of the Thomson Orogen, intersected in several drill holes, are representative of a seismically non-reflective and non-magnetic upper basement. Short-wavelength, high-intensity magnetic source bodies and colocated negative Bouguer gravity responses are interpreted to represent shallow granitic intrusions. Long-wavelength magnetic anomalies are inferred to reflect the topography of a seismically reflective and magnetic lower basement. Potential field forward modelling indicates that the Thomson Orogen might be a single terrane. We interpret that the lower basement consists of attenuated Precambrian and mafic enriched continental crust, which differs from the oceanic crust of the Lachlan Orogen further south.  相似文献   

13.
On the basis of the results of improved analytical expression of computation of gravity anomalies due to a homogeneous polyhedral body composed of polygonal facets, and applying the forward theory with the coordinate transformation of vectors and tensors, we deduced both the analytical expressions for gravity gradient tensors and for magnetic anomalies of a polygon, and obtained new analytical expressions for computing vertical gradients of gravity anomalies and vertical component of magnetic anomalies caused by a polyhedral body. And also we developed explicitly the complete unified expressions for the calculation of gravity anomalies, gravity gradient, and magnetic anomalies due to the homogeneous polyhedron. Furthermore, we deduced new analytical expressions for computing vertical gradients of gravity anomalies due to a finite rectangular prism by applying the newly obtained expressions for gravity gradient tensors due to a polyhedral target body. Comparison with forward calculation of models shows the correctness of these new expressions. It will reduce forward calculation time of gravity-magnetic anomalies and improve computational efficiency by applying our unified expressions for joint forward modeling of gravity-magnetic anomalies due to homogeneous polyhedral bodies.  相似文献   

14.
A method coupled with a GUI based code in JAVA is developed in the space domain to simultaneously estimate the structures of strike limited listric fault sources and regional gravity background from a set of observed Bouguer gravity anomalies. The density contrast within the hanging wall of the structure is assumed to be varying continuously with depth based on a parabolic equation. The limiting surface of the fault plane is described with an exponential function. This method is automatic in the sense that it initializes both parameters of a strike limited listric fault source and regional gravity background from a set of observed Bouguer gravity anomalies and improves them iteratively until the modeled gravity anomalies fit the observed anomalies within the specified convergence criteria. The advantage of the code is that besides generating output in both ASCII and graphical forms it displays the animated versions of (i) the changes in model geometry, (ii) variation of each model parameter and misfit with iteration number, (iii) improvements in modeled gravity anomalies, and (iv) variation of density contrast with depth. The applicability of the code is demonstrated on both synthetic and real field gravity anomalies. In case of synthetic example pseudorandom noise is added to the residual gravity anomalies of the structure prior to inversion. The noisy anomalies are then inverted for the unknown parameters presuming (i) an ideal listric fault structure bounded by an exponential limiting surface with perfect flat top and bottom surfaces, (ii) non-ideal structure with uneven top and bottom surfaces with imperfect exponential limiting surface. Further, the robustness of the algorithm is exemplified by adding both regional gravity background and pseudorandom noise to the anomalies of the structure before inversion. In all cases, the interpreted parameters of the structure closely mimic the assumed parameters. The interpretation of gravity anomalies across the master fault of the Chintalpudi sub-basin in India has yielded information that is consistent with both DSS results and drilling information. The highlight of the code is that it can be used to interpret the gravity anomalies of listric fault sources even when the profile along which the interpretation is intended fails to bisect the strike length of the structure.  相似文献   

15.
豫某铝土矿勘查中重力异常显示,区域重力异常反映深部奥陶系顶面呈自西向东缓斜坡状起伏分布;对浅表干扰异常,通过上延过滤后,可以发现奥陶系顶界面的隆、凹起伏分布特征;虽铝土矿密度大于奥陶系灰岩密度,有较大密度差,但由于评价区似层状铝土矿厚度薄,斗状铝土矿虽厚度大,但体积小,重力异常不能直接反映铝土矿。含铝岩系厚度与铝土矿厚度总体上成正比,因此寻找厚大含铝岩系分布区可间接起到找矿的作用。比较含铝岩系密度值与奥陶系灰岩密度值可知,含铝岩系与奥陶系地层有一定的密度差,奥陶系灰岩密度相对较大,因此,局部重力高异常对应奥陶系隆起;对比己知见铝土矿钻井资料和上延后重力异常分布关系,发现铝土矿床大多分布在局部重力高异常以外的区域;通过上述分析,圈定了2个铝土矿找矿靶区,从而对铝土矿的调查评价有重要指导作用。  相似文献   

16.
In this study, Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data have been used to better understand the geology and mineral resources near the late Carboniferous-late Permian porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization in the Chinese Eastern Tianshan belt, which is extensively covered by Gobi-desert. The reduced-to-pole (RTP) transformation of regional-scale aeromagnetic data shows that the porphyry Cu-Mo deposit is within a cluster of magnetic anomaly highs that overprint on a northeast trending magnetic gradient belt generally along the crustal-scale Kanguertag-Huangshan fault. The 10 km upward continuation transformation of both Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic data indicates that the known porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic deposits are located on the flanks of prominent gravity and magnetic anomaly highs. These anomalies are spatially correlated with the late Carboniferous-late Permian igneous rocks and in the Tuwu-Yandong mineralization district are centered over the granodiorite rocks genetically related to porphyry copper systems. In order to minimize interpretational ambiguities, a useful approach that is correlation analysis (CA) based on correlation coefficient (CC) given by gravity and magnetic data was employed to separate positively and negatively correlated anomalies features. The CA procedure is applied to 10 km upward continuation transformation of both Bouguer gravity and RTP transformed aeromagnetic data for mapping correlative magnetization and density contrast anomalies from deep sources, which may be associated with the porphyry Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization. Five prominent CC positive anomalies have been found in the southern margin of Dananhu-Tousuquan arc. Those anomalies zones could be interpreted to reflect a late Carboniferous-late Permian magmatic belt that is favorable for additional discoveries of late Carboniferous to late Permian porphyry copper systems in north region of Eastern Tianshan.  相似文献   

17.
2010年笔者完成了西藏朗县秀沟工区1∶5 000高精度重磁勘探,重力测量总精度达0.069 4 mGal。根据岩矿石物性特征建立了铬铁矿地球物理模型与找矿标志。局部重力高异常0.1～0.6 mGal、宽度几十米至一二百米,并且磁异常中等强度、反向磁化的重磁异常组合特征是识别铬铁矿的标志;局部重力高异常带与环状镶边的正磁异常带的组合特征是识别超基性岩带的标志。运用小波分析提取铬铁矿与超基性岩体局部重磁异常,倾斜角(tilt-angle)法识别岩体边界,Paker法密度填图及2.5D交互反演推断了蛇纹石化橄榄岩的范围及14个铬铁矿与矿化体的重磁远景异常,其中6个远景异常已经得到证实。指出在西藏进行铬铁矿勘探,不仅要求野外施工精度高,而且要求室内处理解释工作精细,应充分运用各种数据处理的新方法技术,才能够获得良好的地质效果。  相似文献   

18.
Detailed gravity data integrated with geological data and mining well data are analysed to constrain the shape of the Triassic evaporitic body at Jebel El Mourra (northern Tunisian Atlas) and the mechanism of its emplacement at the surface. The gravity data analysis included the construction of a gravity anomaly maps, and synthetic and forward 2.5D gravity models. The complete Bouguer and residual gravity anomaly maps indicate a positive amplitude gravity anomaly over the Triassic evaporitic outcrops and prominent NE–SW‐trending features associated with the boundary of the Triassic rocks and surrounded layers. A NW–SE‐trending gravity model that crosses the Triassic evaporitic outcrop at Jebel El Mourra shows that the positive gravity anomaly can be explained by a deep‐rooted salt diapir. Conventional models of salt dome formation suggest that they produce negative gravity anomalies; however, this study shows that this model is not universal. The studied area is an example of a diapir expressed by positive gravity anomaly and this result is supported by synthetic gravity models at different stages of salt piercing.  相似文献   

19.
骆遥  姚长利 《地球科学》2007,32(4):517-522
在改进均匀多面体重力场正演公式基础上, 利用二阶张量的坐标变换实现对多面体重力场梯度的求解, 推导了新的多面体重力梯度和磁场的正演公式, 给出了新的统一的均匀多面体重力场、梯度及磁场正演表达式形式, 并用理论模型进行了检验.同时, 应用新的多面体重力场梯度正演公式推导出新的长方体重力场垂直梯度理论表达式.本文给出的均匀多面体重力场、梯度及磁场正演表达式形式统一, 重磁场联合正演中可相互利用其计算过程中的结果, 避免重复计算以提高正演计算效率.   相似文献   

20.
The Magnitogorsk synclinorium, a major structure of the southern Urals, has pronounced positive gravity anomalies associated with numerous greenstone intrusives. It is bounded on the west by a gravity low which corresponds with the Ural-Tau and Bashkir anticlinorium and on the east by gravity minima corresponding to the East-Uralian anticlinorium with its numerous intrusives. The relationship between gravity anomalies and major south Uralian structure indicates the effect of deeper structure conditions. Magnetic data correlates with the gravity results in that the western and eastern zones have quiescent negative magnetic fields and the Magnitogorsk synclinorium shows a strongly differentiated magnetic field. Positive magnetic anomalies are related to ultrabasic and basic intrusives, though some large magnetic maxima correspond to lower Carboniferous acidic and alkalic intrusives. Gravity and magnetic anomalies give some idea of deeper structure of the area. Copper pyrite deposits are associated with linear magnetic anomalies and associated zones of crushing. Regionally, these deposits are definitely associated with positive gravity anomaly zones. Geologic and geophysical maps are included, showing major geologic features and related magnetic and gravity anomaly zones. — C. E. Sears.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号