共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 890 毫秒
1.
采用LAPS中尺度分析模式大气资料,对2008年7月一次西南涡暴雨过程进行天气学降水运动的中尺度诊断计算与分析。诊断计算包括：可降水量、层结不稳定能量、对流可降水量、水汽权重平均风速、水汽通量散度、云水、云冰总量及其通量散度和垂直速度与凝结函数降水率等。结果表明：“西南涡-切变线”系统的暴雨发生在暖湿气团与变性冷气团之间的中尺度风场辐合上升运动区,中尺度雨团发生在层结不稳定的暖湿气团一侧。计算的中尺度垂直运动与凝结函数降水率场,降水率为暴雨到特大暴雨。计算的水汽通量辐合降水率与凝结函数降水率不会完全重合,且水汽通量辐合既可致中尺度“雨”,又可成大尺度“云”,并且云水、云冰通量辐合/辐散,可解释为它们的“正”/“负”碰并增长,而碰并增长产生水凝物增量（降水率）也促成大暴雨。因此,在凝结函数降水率场中产生的中、小尺度对流雨团,加上水汽与云水、云冰通量辐合及其碰并增长,并且借助层结不稳定能量释放和可能产生的强迫“次级环流”及水汽与云水、云冰输送,是这次“西南涡-切变线”系统造成襄樊特大暴雨的天气学成因。 相似文献
2.
Tian Yongxiang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(3):338-348
The tropical cyclone motion is numerically simulated with a quasi-geostrophic baroclinic model.The flow field of a tropical cyclone is decomposed into its axisymmetric and asymmetric components.The relation between the ventilation flow vector and the motion vector of the tropical cyclone is investigated.The results of numerical experiments indicate:(1) There are both large-scale beta gyres and small-scale gyres in the asyrnmetric flow field.(2) The interaction between small-scale gyres and large-scale beta gyres leads to the oscillation of translation speed and translation direction for the tropical cyclone.(3) There are the large deviations between the ventilation flow vector calculated by means of Fiorino and Elsberry's method and the motion vector of tropical cyclone.(4) The ventilation flow vector computed using the improved method closely correlates with the motion vector of the tropical cyclone. 相似文献
3.
论大气运动的多时态特征——适应、发展和准定常演变 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
对中国气象学家在地转适应和运动多时态特征方面的研究作了概要性总结。其中主要介绍在风、压场的地转适应以及适应过程完成后,尚可区别出以Rossby波频散为特征的发展过程,和以平流过程为特征的准定常演变过程。文中指出,运动的多时态特征是由于动力系统中存在多种物理过程造成,因此在小尺度、中尺度以及热带大尺度运动中都存在适应、发展和准定常演变过程。文中进而指出,这种多时态特征也存在于海气耦合的气候系统中,以及更复杂的气候系统中,也即带有一定的普遍性。 相似文献
4.
VENTILATION FLOW IN A BAROCLINIC VORTEX RELATED TO TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 田永祥 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,(3)
The tropical cyclone motion is numerically simulated with a quasi-geostrophic baroclinic model.The flow field of a tropical cyclone is decomposed into its axisymmetric and asymmetric components.The relation between the ventilation flow vector and the motion vector of the tropical cyclone is inves-tigated.The results of numerical experiments indicate:(1) There are both large-scale beta gyres andsmall-scale gyres in the asyrnmetric flow field.(2) The interaction between small-scale gyres andlarge-scale beta gyres leads to the oscillation of translation speed and translation direction for the tropi-cal cyclone.(3) There are the large deviations between the ventilation flow vector calculated bymeans of Fiorino and Elsberry's method and the motion vector of tropical cyclone.(4) The ventila-tion flow vector computed using the improved method closely correlates with the motion vector of thetropical cyclone. 相似文献
5.
利用常规观测资料、FY-2E卫星观测的TBB资料,对2015年8月19日发生在林芝地区的一次暴雨过程进行天气分析,并利用中尺度数值模式WRF的模拟结果分析此次暴雨过程中尺度系统的结构特征。结果表明,此次暴雨过程发生在高原低涡切变的环流形势下,伴随辐合线发展的线状对流系统是此次暴雨发生的主要原因。WRF模式可较好地模拟出暴雨过程的环流形势和降水的落区、量级。西南风引导的暖湿气流为暴雨的发生、发展提供充沛的水汽条件;对中尺度结构的分析表明,低层辐合、高层辐散的结构以及在降水区存在的正涡度伴随强烈的上升运动为此次暴雨过程提供了有利的动力条件,假相当位温的分布能够为暴雨提供有利的热力条件,垂直螺旋度低层正中心的配置反映出大气的不稳定分布,有利于中尺度对流系统的发展与维持。 相似文献
6.
利用西藏自治区昌都市及周边18个气象观测站1989~2018年降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先进行强降水个例筛选,在大气环流分型的基础上,应用后向轨迹模型分析了暴雨和大雨在不同环流形势下的水汽输送轨迹。结果表明:昌都产生强降水的大气环流形势分为高原低涡、高原槽及高原切变线3种类型,其中以高原切变线型为主,而降水强度最大的是高原槽型。不同环流形势下暴雨发生时三个等压面的水汽轨迹方向基本一致,均以偏南气流为主,水汽来源相对集中,容易在短时间内造成强降水;而大雨发生时三个等压面的水汽轨迹多以偏南气流为主,与暴雨相比,水汽来源较为分散且水汽条件较差。夏季昌都的水汽来源主要以印度洋、孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海、南海为主,最远可以追溯到大西洋。 相似文献
7.
The study deals with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation (represented by circulation types) and associated surface air temperatures as projected in an ensemble of regional climate models (RCMs) from the ENSEMBLES project. We examine changes of circulation type frequencies and means of daily maximum and minimum temperatures within circulation types in individual seasons for two time slices of transient runs under the SRES A1B scenario (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) with respect to the control period (1961–1990). To study the influence of driving data, simulations of the driving general circulation models (GCMs) also are evaluated. We find that all models project changes of atmospheric circulation that are statistically significant for both future time slices. The models tend to project strengthening of the westerly circulation in winter and its weakening in summer. We show that increases of daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all seasons differ for individual circulation types. There are, however, only few features of the projected changes in the future circulation–temperature links that are common among the models, in particular relatively smaller warming for westerly types. Only in winter, projected changes in circulation types tend to contribute to the projected overall warming. This effect is negligible and mostly opposite in the other seasons. We also detect a strong influence of driving data on RCMs’ simulation of atmospheric circulation and temperature changes. 相似文献
8.
位涡趋势（Potential Vorticity Tendency,PVT）诊断方法已经在台风移动研究中得到较多的应用,但是多用于水平分辨率几千米的模式输出资料。发现用位涡趋势方法诊断台风移动时,模式资料输出时间间隔必须与模式空间分辨率匹配,这是因为位涡趋势方法需要同时用时间和空间差分方法计算位涡的趋势和分布。当模式水平分辨率高于1 km时,模式可以模拟小尺度系统,相应的模式输出时间间隔必须缩短,使得模式输出资料能够代表小尺度系统的变化趋势。由于小尺度系统导致的位涡变化不能直接影响台风移动,建议应用两种方法解决位涡趋势方法中的时、空匹配问题:（1）当空间分辨率增加时,相应缩短模式输出资料的间隔;（2）不改变模式输出时间间隔,对计算位涡的物理量进行空间平滑,滤去小尺度系统的影响。 相似文献
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10.
中小尺度运动中风场和气压场的适应 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
在大型运动中有所谓地转适应的现象,本文研究了中小尺度运动中风场和气压场之间的适应问题。 由尺度分析可以发现:在一般中小尺度运动方程中,时间导数项较其中的各主要项小一个量极。因此可以认为中小尺度运动是在力的准平衡状态下进行缓慢的演变。当有某种原因破坏了这种力的准平衡态时,即有一种机制使运动回到准平衡来。这种准平衡态是惯性力(即速度平流)、科氏力和气压梯度力三者之间的准平衡。 由准平衡态的破坏恢复到准平衡的过程称为中小尺度的适应过程;准平衡态下的演变过程称为准常定过程。文中讨论了这两种过程中运动的物理性质。指出:对中尺度运动而言在适应过程中D>>ζ,在准常定过程中D≤ζ,这里D和ζ分别为散度和涡度。 设在某一有限的区域中,运动的平衡态受到了严重破坏,作为初值问题可以计算破坏以后运动的发展。计算结果表明:在短暂的时间内,气象要素有一急烈变化和调整,重新恢复准平衡态;时间稍长运动即进入准常定的演变。 相似文献
11.
A method is considered for space-time refinement of surface air temperature obtained from the atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia over a limited area by means of use of a complex of the atmospheric boundary layer models and surface heat and water budget model. The latter describes all major processes of heat and water exchange at the underlying surface and within the soil and vegetation using 14 external parameters for different types of landscapes and soils. The side and upper boundary conditions for the local model are provided from the GCM model. Different statistical estimates of the modeling results show possibility and reliability of the refinement for time changes of the quantity under calculation as well as for development of averaged fields reflecting small-scale inhomogeneities of the landscape. 相似文献
12.
The singular vector (SV) initial perturbation method can capture the fastest-growing initial perturbation in a tangent linear model (TLM). Based on the global tangent linear and adjoint model of GRAPES-GEPS (Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System—Global Ensemble Prediction System), some experiments were carried out to analyze the structure of the moist SVs from the perspectives of the energy norm, energy spectrum, and vertical structure. The conclusions are as follows: The evolution of the SVs is synchronous with that of the atmospheric circulation, which is flow-dependent. The moist and dry SVs are located in unstable regions at mid-to-high latitudes, but the moist SVs are wider, can contain more small- and medium-scale information, and have more energy than the dry SVs. From the energy spectrum analysis, the energy growth caused by the moist SVs is reflected in the relatively small-scale weather system. In addition, moist SVs can generate perturbations associated with large-scale condensation and precipitation, which is not true for dry SVs. For the ensemble forecasts, the average anomaly correlation coefficient of large-scale circulation is better for the forecast based on moist SVs in the Northern Hemisphere, and the low-level variables forecasted by the moist SVs are also improved, especially in the first 72 h. In addition, the moist SVs respond better to short-term precipitation according to statistical precipitation scores based on 10 cases. The inclusion of the large-scale condensation process in the calculation of SVs can improve the short-term weather prediction effectively. 相似文献
13.
斜压涡旋中的通风气流与热带气旋移动的关系 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
应用准地转斜压模式数值模拟了热带气旋的移动。将热带气旋的流场分解为轴对称分量和非对称分量，研究非对称流场中的通风气流矢量与热带气旋移动矢量的关系。数值试验结果表明：（１）在热带气旋的非对称流场中，不但有大尺度β涡旋，而且还有小尺度涡旋。（２）小尺度涡旋与大尺度β涡旋之间的相互作用导致热带气旋移向的摆动和移速的振荡。（３）应用Ｆｉｏｒｉｎｏ和Ｅｌｓｂｅｒｒｙ的方法计算的通风气流矢量与热带气旋移动矢量有很大偏差。（４）应用改进的方法计算的通风气流矢量与热带气旋移动矢量相关密切。 相似文献
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15.
Mosaic方法在非均匀下垫面上的适用性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在非均匀下垫面情况下, Mosaic方法是目前国际上广泛运用于模式中计算地表通量的方法.大量的研究表明, 下垫面的非均匀分布会引发局地环流, 非均匀分布的空间尺度较大时, 所引起的环流甚至可以达到海陆风的强度.这种环流的存在直接影响到次网格地表通量的计算.次网格地表非均匀分布, 尤其是大尺度模式中的次网格非均匀分布, 必将影响地表通量的计算.本文针对次网格地表非均匀问题, 设计了高分辨率的Mosaic试验和非均匀试验, 开展了不同背景风情况下的一系列数值试验, 以探讨这种影响的程度.结果表明, 在土壤湿度空间分布不均匀的情况下, 运用Mosaic方法计算得到的地表潜热通量偏小, 背景风较小的时候偏差较大, 背景风增强时偏差减小. 相似文献
16.
To cherish the memory of the late Professor Duzheng YE on what would have been his 100 th birthday, and to celebrate his great accomplishment in opening a new era of Tibetan Plateau(TP) meteorology, this review paper provides an assessment of the atmospheric heat source(AHS) over the TP from different data resources, including observations from local meteorological stations, satellite remote sensing data, and various reanalysis datasets. The uncertainty and applicability of these heat source data are evaluated. Analysis regarding the formation of the AHS over the TP demonstrates that it is not only the cause of the atmospheric circulation, but is also a result of that circulation. Based on numerical experiments, the review further demonstrates that land–sea thermal contrast is only one part of the monsoon story. The thermal forcing of the Tibetan–Iranian Plateau plays a significant role in generating the Asian summer monsoon(ASM), i.e., in addition to pumping water vapor from sea to land and from the lower to the upper troposphere, it also generates a subtropical monsoon–type meridional circulation subject to the angular momentum conservation, providing an ascending-air large-scale background for the development of the ASM. 相似文献
17.
A simple idealized atmosphere–ocean climate model and an ensemble Kalman filter are used to explore different coupled ensemble data assimilation strategies. The model is a low-dimensional analogue of the North Atlantic climate system, involving interactions between large-scale atmospheric circulation and ocean states driven by the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Initialization of the MOC is assessed in a range of experiments, from the simplest configuration consisting of forcing the ocean with a known atmosphere to performing fully coupled ensemble data assimilation. “Daily” assimilation (that is, at the temporal frequency of the atmospheric observations) is contrasted with less frequent assimilation of time-averaged observations. Performance is also evaluated under scenarios in which ocean observations are limited to the upper ocean or are non-existent. Results show that forcing the idealized ocean model with atmospheric analyses is inefficient at recovering the slowly evolving MOC. On the other hand, daily assimilation rapidly leads to accurate MOC analyses, provided a comprehensive set of oceanic observations is available for assimilation. In the absence of sufficient observations in the ocean, the assimilation of time-averaged atmospheric observations proves to be more effective for MOC initialization, including the case where only atmospheric observations are available. 相似文献
18.
The Variability of Spring Sand-Dust Storm Frequency in Northeast
Asia from 1980 to 2011 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 YANG Yuanqin WANG Jizhi NIU Tao ZHOU Chunhong CHEN Miao LIU Jiyan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(1):119-127
The characteristic distributions of regional sand-dust storm(SDS) weather processes over Northeast Asia from 1980 to 2011 were investigated using the shared WMO surface station meteorological data,atmospheric sounding data,China high density weather data,NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,as well as the archived original weather maps of China.The concentration-weighted trajectory(CWT) method was used to calculate the SDS frequency from the discrete station data and to track the large-scale regional SDS weather processes in Northeast Asia.A spline trend analysis method was employed to investigate the variability of the SDS weather systems.The results show that during 1980-2011,the SDS weather processes exhibit both a historical persistence and abrupt transitions with an approximate 10-yr high-low occurrence oscillation.Through composite analysis of atmospheric circulation during high and low SDS years,it is found that the SDS occurrences are closely related to the anomalies of arctic vortex and midlatitude westerly,and the circulation patterns around the Lake Baikal.During the high frequency years,the meridianal flows in the upper and mid troposphere above the high SDS corridor in East Asia(from the Lake Balkhash along Northwest and North China,Korean Peninsula,and Japan Islands) are apparently stronger than the meridianal flows during the low SDS frequency years,favoring the development and transport of SDSs in the midlatitude regions. 相似文献
19.
M. Y. Totagi 《大气科学进展》1994,11(4):491-498
The study of large-scale atmospheric turbulence and transport processes is of vital importance in the general circulation
of the atmosphere. The governing equations of the power and cross—spectra for the atmospheric motion and transports in the
domain of wave number frequency space have been derived. The contributions of the nonlinear interactions of the atmospheric
waves in velocity and temperature fields to the conversion of kinetic and potential energies and to the meridional transports
of angular momentum and sensible heat in the atmosphere have been discussed. 相似文献
20.
本文用1979年夏季6—8月青藏高原地区17个站资料（包括青藏高原科学实验资料），通过直接法求得长波辐射、短波辐射、凝结潜热和感热输送等四项加热分量，在此基础上求出高原地区的平均大气热量输送，并和国内外其它作者所估计的高原大气热源情况进行比较。计算结果表明，对高原大气热源的主要贡献是长波辐射，文中还探讨了青藏高原地区大气加热场与高原季风爆发前后以及高原季风活跃和中断时期环流的关系。 相似文献