共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 703 毫秒
1.
本文利用序列回归分析、对比分析和个例分析法分析了火山活动对热带高空大气的温度效应. 主要结论为：火山活动影响最显著的高度是平流层70 hPa约22 km高空,由此高度向上或向下,火山活动的影响都逐渐减小;火山活动将引起平流层大气升温、对流层大气降温,其分界线大致位于对流层顶300 hPa附近;火山活动对于热带70 hPa高空温度距平变化的影响超过了总方差的457%;单独考察几次强火山活动（如阿贡火山、皮纳图博火山和厄尔奇冲火山等）的温度效应表明,在热带地区强火山爆发后的20个月内,对热带高空温度的影响超过了其距平变化的80%！成为该时段高空温度变化的决定性因素. 相似文献
2.
南极大气臭氧和温度垂直结构及其季节变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用南极中山站2008年2月至2009年2月臭氧和温度探空等资料,对中山站上空大气臭氧和温度的垂直结构及季节变化特征进行了研究.结果表明,在中山站上空热对流层顶和臭氧对流层顶的高度相近,年平均高度分别为7.9和7.4km.对流层顶的气压和温度都存在位相相反一波型季节变化.春季和冬季对流层顶的温度转折没有夏季和秋季明显,而依据臭氧变化恰能更好地确定对流层顶高度.在对流层臭氧垂直分布的季节变化不显著;而平流层却十分明显.春季下平流层臭氧严重耗损,14km处的臭氧最小分压仅为1.57MPa,最大分压出现在上平流层,其他季节下平流层臭氧随高度增加而升高.春季下平流层臭氧的严重损耗,与极夜过后低温条件和平流层冰晶云表面消耗臭氧的光化学过程有密切关系.大气臭氧和温度的垂直结构及季节变化特征,对春季南极臭氧洞的形成和发展具有重要意义. 相似文献
3.
本文利用美国国家大气环境中心(NCAR)的二维化学、辐射和动力相互作用的模式(SOCRATES),模拟了大气中N2O增加对O3和温度的影响,并从化学、辐射和动力过程讨论了影响原因,此外还与大气甲烷和平流层水汽增加对大气环境的影响进行了对比.分析表明:大气中N2O浓度增加以后,将通过化学过程引起30 km以上O3损耗,30~40 km损耗较多;30 km以上降温明显,下平流层中低纬度地区以及对流层O3增加并有微弱升温;30~40 km附近,北半球中高纬地区O3减少以及降温幅度都大于南半球.对流层升温主要是N2O和O3增加所致,而平流层温度变化主要受O3控制.北半球中高纬地区动力过程对温度变化的反馈较其它地区明显,这种反馈对平流层中高层北半球中高纬地区温度和O3的变化都有明显影响.大气中甲烷增加引起的O3损耗在45 km以上,45 km以下O3增加.平流层水汽增加会引起40 km以上O3减少,20~40 km大部分地区O3增加.N2O增加造成的O3损耗正好位于臭氧层附近,其排放对未来O3层恢复至关重要.N2O增加引起下平流层15~25 km中低纬度地区有弱的升温,这与其它温室气体增加对该地区温度的影响不同,CO2,CH4和H2O等增加后下平流层通常是降温. 相似文献
4.
2009/2010年冬季北极涛动异常及其影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009/2010年冬季出现了持续的北极涛动（AO）负异常,同时北半球的天气气候也发生了大范围的异常,两者的关系是大家极为关注的重要问题.本文的分析表明2009/2010年冬季北半球经历了两次显著的AO负异常过程,2009年12月和2010年2月AO指数分别达到了同期历史的最低值.2009年12月的AO负异常过程又可以又分为两个阶段,第一个阶段是由于前期行星波上传的增强导致平流层极涡减弱,随后平流层环流异常向下发展造成了对流层的AO负异常;第二个阶段是因为对流层低层高纬地区的温度正异常维持了第一个阶段在对流层高纬地区的位势高度正异常,使得AO负异常得以较长时间维持,这两个阶段的接连发生和共同作用使得对流层低层经历了一个较强的AO负异常过程.而2010年2月的AO负异常过程则是由平流层爆发性增温所造成的平流层异常环流下传造成的.通过对历史上11个AO负异常事件的统计分析,可以认为AO负异常事件可能由平流层爆发性增温以及平流层极区弱的环流异常下传造成,也可能来源于对流层内部的动力过程.进一步研究表明,2009/2010年冬季持续的极端AO负异常与该冬季北半球大范围的温度和降水异常有密切联系,关注AO异常及其影响是天气预报、气候预测的重要问题. 相似文献
5.
本文根据全球高空10 hPa位势高度距平场EOF分析得知,存在于地面层大气中的南北向涛动现象~北极高空大气涛动和南极涛动,在高空大气中更为清楚,而且这种高空南北向涛动现象是波及全球的;存在于地面层大气中著名的纬向涛动现象~南方涛动(Southern Oscillation,SO)和北方涛动(North Oscillation,NO),在高空大气中则变得不甚清楚.表征北极高空大气涛动的第一模态与表征南极涛动的第二模态的方差贡献率分别为41.47%和27.04%,二者累积方差贡献率达到68.51%,构成了平流层高空大气年代际振荡的主要形式;另外还存在两半球对称性中高纬度南极涛动模态和两半球不对称性中高纬度南极涛动模态,是高空大气中出现概率比较小的振荡形式.谱分析表明,无论北极高空大气涛动模态、南极涛动模态还是中高纬度纬向涛动模态,都存在与太阳磁场磁性指数相一致的22年准周期变化以及与太阳黑子相对数相一致的11年准周期变化;采用逐次滤波法的滤波分析和对比分析表明,高空大气涛动现象的重要影响因子乃太阳活动,其中太阳磁场的大幅度涨落及其磁性变化是主要因素,太阳黑子相对数的变化为次要因素. 相似文献
6.
利用气象场的再分析资料和太阳辐射活动资料,对太阳11年周期活动影响北半球冬季(11月~3月)大气环流的过程进行了统计分析和动力学诊断.根据赤道平流层纬向风准两年振荡(QBO)的东、西风状态对太阳活动效应进行了分类讨论,结果表明：东风态QBO时,太阳活动效应主要集中在赤道平流层中、高层和南半球平流层,强太阳活动时增强的紫外辐射加热了赤道地区的臭氧层,造成平流层低纬明显增温,同时加强了南半球的Brewer-Dobson(B-D)环流,引起南极高纬平流层温度增加;而北半球中高纬的环流主要受行星波的影响,太阳活动影响很小.西风态QBO时,太阳活动效应在北半球更为重要,初冬时强太阳活动除了加热赤道地区臭氧层外,还抑制了北半球的B-D环流,造成赤道平流层温度增加和纬向风梯度在垂直方向的变化,从而改变了对流层两支行星波波导的强度;冬末时在太阳活动调制下,行星波向极波导增强,B-D环流逐渐恢复,造成北半球极地平流层明显增温,同时伴随着赤道区域温度的下降. 相似文献
7.
本文通过分析1957~2002年平流层爆发性增温(SSW)的环流特征,研究平流层爆发性增温可能对我国天气气候的影响.平流层爆发性增温发生后平流层高纬地区有异常的环流变化,但是这种变化并不仅局限于平流层内部,其产生的环流异常能够向下传播,并对对流层的天气和气候产生影响.研究发现,平流层出现强爆发性增温后,平流层异常温度场和位势高度场在中、高纬度形成AO型振荡并向下传播,使得对流层低层西伯利亚高压增强、阿留申低压加深,500 hPa东亚大槽加深且偏西,导致东亚冬季风增强,我国北部大部分地区气温偏低.而在爆发性增温前,强行星波扰动使得东亚大槽加深,西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压同时增强,也可能导致东亚冬季风偏强.El Nio可能激发出强行星波,有利于强SSW事件的发生.通过上述的两个过程可能造成东亚冬季风的加强,这将会对"El Nio事件通过对流层过程而引起东亚冬季风减弱"的结论有一定影响. 因此,ENSO事件影响东亚冬季风及中国的天气气候存在不止一种途径,具体影响情况应该是几种途径的综合结果. 相似文献
8.
利用2003-2011年的SABER/TIMED温度数据观测发现,在2006年、2009年和2010年北半球高纬（70°N）的冬季（1-3月）发生了“平流层顶抬升”.在这3次事件中,1月末-2月初的~50 km和~80 km高度处分别出现了温度的极大值~260 K和~230 K,即平流层顶的高度突然由原来的50 km左右上升至80 km左右,这就是平流层顶抬升事件;随着时间的推移,抬升的平流层顶的高度逐渐下降直至恢复到原有位置,与此同时其温度由~230 K上升至~260 K.值得注意的是,虽然在极区的每年冬天都发生平流层突然增温事件,但是只在伴随着极涡分裂的平流层突然增温事件后出现平流层顶抬升.此外,在发生平流层顶抬升事件的冬季里,高纬的重力波活动在1月末-2月初的~80 km高度处突然增强,对应着平流层顶的抬升时间和高度;在2月份之后,重力波活动在75 km以下逐渐增强、在75 km以上逐渐减弱,同时抬升的平流层顶也不断下降.通过重力波活动与平流层顶抬升事件的相关性分析,表明重力波活动可能对平流层顶的抬升有重要影响. 相似文献
9.
本文利用热层-电离层-中间层能量和动力学卫星TIMED中宽带发射辐射计SABER观测的临边大气长波红外背景辐射数据来研究平流层增温效应,基于2012/2013年1—3月在20~100 km高度内的临边大气长波红外背景辐射数据,采用微扰方法,得到辐射扰动的时空分布.结果显示：大气长波红外背景辐射扰动数据能够更精细的展示平流层增温事件的发生,2013年平流层爆发性增温效应下最大辐射扰动幅度出现在40 km处可达160%,而利用温度扰动数据表征此事件的发生时最大温度扰动幅度出现在40 km处只有21%.针对2012年弱平流层增温效应,温度扰动幅度最大值出现在40 km处为16.4%,而辐射扰动幅度的最大值在40 km处可达91%.大气长波红外背景辐射的纬度分布体现出此事件发生于高纬度地区;其经度分布在20~50 km范围内呈现"w"形状;而50 km和80 km处大气长波红外背景辐射的极值区域范围随着事件的发生在高纬度地区都是先扩大随后缩小的过程.这表明高层大气临边红外辐射信号可用于研究平流层增温效应,尤其是对于温度弱起伏的小扰动事件.这对于掌握临近空间环境辐射形成机理及其变化特性亦具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
利用ECMWF和HALOE资料,分析了1991~2002年两种资料中温度垂直廓线、平方差水平分布,并通过线性趋势分析方法分析了平流层不同高度温度变化趋势的差异.研究结果表明：在中低纬度地区,10 hPa以下两种资料中温度垂直廓线非常吻合;10~2 hPa高度,HALOE资料中温度比ECMWF资料中温度要高;1 hPa高度上,两种资料也有比较小的差异.在南北半球的中高纬度地区,温度的差异比较明显,整个平流层中,HALOE资料中温度比ECMWF资料中温度要高.平流层中温度的水平分布差异随着高度而增大.中低纬度地区温度差异相对较小,南北半球50°以上地区差异比较大.在平流层的中低层100 hPa、50 hPa和10 hPa高度,两种资料中温度的变化趋势一致,但是HALOE资料中温度的递减趋势要更明显.在平流层高层2 hPa,1996年后两种资料中温度的变化趋势相反.本研究将为平流层温度研究的资料选择提供一定的依据. 相似文献
11.
The work describes the results of calculations obtained with the Atmospheric Research Model (ARM) general circulation model. The temperature response of the troposphere and middle atmosphere to variations in UV solar radiation were found to have a large-scale wave structure when planetary waves at the lower model boundary were taken into account. In the present paper, the results from the processing of global temperature fields with three databases (ERA-20C, NOAA-CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis, v2, and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I) are provided. Analysis of the differences of the mean monthly temperature global fields (January and July) between the maxima and minima of three solar activity cycles (21, 22, and 23 cycles) also demonstrated their nonzonal structure. It was shown that the amplitude of this difference in January in the stratosphere (10 hPa) can be 7–29 K in the Northern Hemisphere. In July, this effect is prominent in Southern Hemisphere. In the troposphere (500 hPa), a nonzonal temperature effect is present in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres; the amplitude of the effects amounts to approximately 5–12 K. In conclusion, we discuss that the mechanism of solar energy impact on atmospheric temperature discovered by numerical modeling is supported after reanalysis data processing. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1999,61(1-2):63-72
Computer simulations of the impact on climate of solar variability generally fall into four categories. First, there are lower atmosphere GCM experiments, in which enhanced solar activity is represented by changes in spectrally integrated solar constant. Secondly, there are GCM studies of the dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to changes in solar ultraviolet, mainly concentrating on the northern hemisphere winter, and how these impact the troposphere. These studies have been instructive in providing an understanding of some of the mechanisms involved but, because of the very different nature of the assumptions made, give rather different suggestions as to potential patterns of change. In particular predicted zonal mean temperature changes in the lower stratosphere are usually of opposite sign in these two types of experiment. None of these GCM studies include interactive photochemistry and the third category of modelling work is concerned with the photochemical response of the middle atmosphere to enhanced solar ultraviolet. These generally employ 2D models to predict changes in ozone and other gaseous species. Recently it has been realised that the responses (to a variety of external forcings) of the lower and middle atmospheres are linked through both radiative and dynamical mechanisms and should not be viewed in isolation from each other. Thus the fourth type of modelling study, which is still in its infancy, attempts to represent solar variability by realistic changes in both irradiance and ozone concentrations. In this paper these various modelling studies are reviewed and some new results presented which confirm previous theoretical suggestions that, in the northern hemisphere winter, the atmosphere may respond to solar changes in a similar way as to the injection of volcanic aerosol. The implications of the results of the model studies for the detection of solar-induced climate change are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Recent observations suggest that there may be a causal relationship between solar activity and the strength of the winter Northern Hemisphere circulation in the stratosphere. A three-dimensional model of the atmosphere between 10–140 km was developed to assess the influence of solar minimum and solar maximum conditions on the propagation of planetary waves and the subsequent changes to the circulation of the stratosphere. Ultraviolet heating in the middle atmosphere was kept constant in order to emphasise the importance of non-linear dynamical coupling. A realistic thermo-sphere was achieved by relaxing the upper layers to the MSIS-90 empirical temperature model. In the summer hemisphere, strong radiative damping prevents significant dynamical coupling from taking place. Within the dynamically controlled winter hemisphere, small perturbations are reinforced over long periods of time, resulting in systematic changes to the stratospheric circulation. The winter vortex was significantly weakened during solar maximum and western phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation, in accordance with reported 30 mb geopotential height and total ozone measurements. 相似文献
14.
通过北极涛动AO正负位相时期北半球1000 hPa月平均位势高度、位势高度距平和气温月距平图对比分析可知,北极区域异常增暖时期对应着AO负位相时期,而北极区域异常偏冷时期对应着AO正位相时期,说明北极区域气温异常变化是决定AO异常变化的重要因子.逐次滤波法分析可知,冬季1月北极涛动现象表现出十分清楚的与太阳活动密切联系的准110a世纪周期和准22a年代际周期,具体表现为：（1）冬季1月北极涛动现象具有十分清楚的与太阳活动密切联系的准110a世纪周期.准110a世纪周期对于北极涛动指数的方差贡献率达到44.4%,是冬季1月北极涛动现象最显著的世纪际变化特征.（2）谱分析结果表明,滤除准110a世纪周期变化以后的1月北极涛动指数具有显著的22a周期,其方差贡献率达到18.5%,乃仅次于准110a世纪周期之后北极涛动指数年代际变化重要特征.对比分析表明,太阳活动尤其是太阳磁场磁性指数变化与1月北极涛动22a周期变化呈密切的反相关关系,二者变化趋势基本相反,即多数情况当太阳磁性指数MI由最低值转为上升以后都可引起北极涛动AO由最高值转为下降;当太阳磁性指数MI由最高值转为下降以后都可引起北极涛动AO由最低值转为上升.综上所述,北极涛动的准110a世纪周期变化、22a年代际周期变化对于北极涛动方差贡献率达到62.9%,标志着太阳活动是北极涛动的重要驱动因子. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(16):2031-2040
Two temperature datasets are analyzed for quantifying the 11-year solar cycle effect in the lower stratosphere. The analysis is based on a regression linear model that takes into account volcanic, Arctic Oscillation (AO), Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects. Under solar maximum conditions, temperatures are generally warmer for low- and mid-latitudes than under solar minimum, with the effect being the strongest in northern summer. At high latitudes, the vortex is generally stronger under solar maximum conditions, with the exception of February and to a lesser extent March in the Northern Hemisphere; associated with this positive signal at high latitudes, there is a significant negative signal at the equator. Observations also suggest that contrary to the beginning of the winter, in February–March, the residual circulation in the Northern Hemisphere is enhanced. A better understanding of the mechanisms at work comes from further investigations using the ERA-40 reanalysis dataset. First, a consistent response in terms of temperature and wind is obtained. Moreover, considering Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux divergence and residual circulation stream functions, we found an increased circulation in the Northern Hemisphere in February during solar maxima, which results in more adiabatic warming at high latitudes and more adiabatic cooling at low latitudes, thus demonstrating the dynamical origin of the response of the low stratosphere to the solar cycle. 相似文献
16.
K. Mohanakumar 《Annales Geophysicae》1995,13(8):879-885
Studies on the influence of solar activity in 11-year cycle on middle atmospheric thermodynamic parameters, such as temperature, pressure and density, and zonal and meridional wind components over three meteorological rocket launching stations, located in the tropics (Thumba), mid-latitude (Volgograd) and high-latitude (Heiss Island) regions of the northern hemisphere have been carried out. The temperature in all the three regions showed a negative response in the stratosphere and positive association in the mesosphere with the changes in solar activity. The temperature decreases by 2-3% from its mean value in the stratosphere and increases by 4-6% in the mesosphere for an increase in 100 units of solar radio flux. Atmospheric pressure is found to be more sensitive to solar changes. An average solar maximum condition enhances the pressure in the stratosphere by 5% and in the upper mesosphere by 16-18% compared to the respective mean values. Density also showed strong association with the changes in solar activity. Increase in the solar radio flux tends to strengthen winter westerlies in the upper stratosphere over the mid-latitude and summer easterlies in the middle stratosphere over tropics. Larger variability in the zonal wind is noted near stratopause height. Results obtained from the study indicate that there is an external force exerted on the Earth’s atmosphere during the period of high solar activity. These results can be incorporated for further studies on the dynamics of the middle atmosphere in association with the changes in solar activity. 相似文献
17.
This review paper for STIB (Stratosphere-Troposphere Interaction and the Biosphere; a proposed core project for IGBP) summarizes several features of a recently discovered 10–12 year oscillation in the atmosphere on the Northern Hemisphere. The oscillation is especially strong in the stratosphere during the warmer half of the year, but it is evident in the stratosphere and troposphere also in winter if the data are grouped according to the phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation of the wind in the equatorial stratosphere. During the 40 years with data available to describe the oscillation it was phase locked with the 11-year solar cycle.Affiliate Scientist, NCAR.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
18.
选用每天12∶00UTC时次的逐日ERA-Interim再分析资料,根据transformed Eulerian-mean(TEM)方程通过积分剩余速度珔v*,研究了1979—2011年间Brewer-Dobson(BD)环流的时空演变规律.并将其与downward control(DC)原理研究的结果进行比较,同时还探讨了平流层温度与BD环流之间的相互联系.结果表明,由TEM方程通过积分剩余速度珔v*估算的BD环流与利用DC原理估算的环流相比较,在热带地区的形势更加明显.环流在热带对流层中上层上升至平流层中下层,最高可达1hPa等压面附近.然后在热带外向极向下运动,最后在中高纬度下沉回到对流层.BD环流的上升中心及质量通量均随季节的变化产生变动,环流在冬半球的形势显著地强于夏半球.在春季和秋季期间,环流呈现出南北两半球的对称形势.从全球尺度物质输送的角度来看,在过去的33a间平流层BD环流的长期变化趋势是减弱的,且在平流层中下层减弱是明显的.环流的减弱趋势与纬向平均温度的长期变化趋势相匹配. 相似文献
19.
The northern annular mode in summer and its relation to solar activity variations in the GISS ModelE
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(5):730-741
The northern annular mode (NAM) has been successfully used in several studies to understand the variability of the winter atmosphere and its modulation by solar activity. The variability of summer circulation can also be described by the leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of geopotential heights. We compare the annular modes of the summer geopotential heights in the northern hemisphere stratosphere and troposphere in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ModelE with those in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis. In the stratosphere, the summer NAM obtained from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis as well as from the ModelE simulations has the same sign throughout the northern hemisphere, but shows greater variability at low latitudes. The patterns in both analyses are consistent with the interpretation that low NAM conditions represent an enhancement of the seasonal difference between the summer and the annual averages of geopotential height, temperature and velocity distributions, while the reverse holds for high NAM conditions. Composite analysis of high and low NAM cases in both model and observation suggests that the summer stratosphere is more “summer-like” when the solar activity is near a maximum. This means that the zonal easterly wind flow is stronger and the temperature is higher than normal. Thus increased irradiance favors a low summer NAM. A quantitative comparison of the anti-correlation between the NAM and the solar forcing is presented in the model and in the observation, both of which show lower/higher NAM index in solar maximum/minimum conditions. The temperature fluctuations in simulated solar minimum conditions are greater than in solar maximum throughout the summer stratosphere.The summer NAM in the troposphere obtained from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis has a dipolar zonal structure with maximum variability over the Asian monsoon region. The corresponding EOF in ModelE has a qualitatively similar structure but with less variability in the Asian monsoon region which is displaced eastward of its observed position. In both the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and the GCM the negative anomalies associated with the NAM in the Euro-Atlantic and Aleutian island regions are enhanced in the solar minimum conditions, though the results are not statistically significant. 相似文献