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1.
The Lanta Khola is a major landslide on the North Sikkim Highway in the Indian state of Sikkim. The abnormally low width-to-length
ratio and slope instability in spite of the gentle surface slope (24°) make this slide unique. Geological, geophysical, and
geotechnical studies reveal that a major Himalayan discontinuity daylights within the slide. At the contact, the schist is
weathered to fine sand and silt with lower shear strength and permeability. The overlying gneiss is less weathered and exposed
at the contact. Surface runoff enters the contact zone through crevices in the overlying gneiss, and debris material is extruded
laterally from within this zone rendering instability, with blocks collapsing and eventually rolling down the slope after
cloud bursts. Numerical modeling of the slide confirms this mechanism of instability. Diversion of runoff, plugging of crevices,
and construction of pipe piles and horizontal drains are suggested as remedial measures. 相似文献
2.
Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslide at Lanta Khola in north Sikkim,India 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
In the Indian Himalaya, a 15 km stretch of the North Sikkim Highway that is exceptionally susceptible to landsliding is characterized
by fine-grained, low permeability debris material. Lanta Khola is one of the major debris slides in this stretch and is active
every year during the monsoons. Although the relationship between rainfall and landsliding in the area is obvious, there is
no previous study of precipitation thresholds for landslide initiation. Review of available rainfall and landslide activity
data for the area between 1998 and 2006 suggests that sliding cannot be modeled by typical exponential relationships between
cumulative rainfall (E) and rainfall duration (D). An alternative rainfall threshold has been proposed that predicts sliding if normalized cumulative rainfall for more than
15 days exceeds 250 mm. It is suggested that when this cumulative rainfall threshold is exceeded, the debris zone in the affected
stretch becomes saturated and fails, causing landsliding. 相似文献
3.
Analysing the spatio-temporal evolution of an active debris slide in Eastern Himalaya,India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Saibal Ghosh Anjan Bora Sudipta Nath Ashok Kumar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,84(3):292-302
Landslide is one of the prominent geohazards in the Himalayas where loss of lives and property are common. Owing to the complicated geomorphic and tectono-stratigraphic setting of this active Fold-thrust belt (FTB), landsliding of all possible types and spatial scales observed exhibit conspicuous spatio-temporal signatures and evolution. This evolution of landslides is commonly studied by regional assessment and by examining the multi-temporal landslide inventories of a particular area. The success of creating such multi-temporal landslide inventory depends on (i) the availability of relevant past source data (e.g., images, post event maps, air photos etc.) of suitable resolution, scale and quality, (ii) time of generation of source data with respect to the time of landsliding event, (iii) skill of the investigators in interpreting the old images, air photos etc. However, this method is of restricted use in studying the spatio-temporal evolution of a single landslide which is perennially active in the Himalayan terrain, where rapid changes in land use and land cover patterns readily obliterate the signatures of past landsliding. Moreover because of scale constraints, subtle and frequent changes in the spatial dimensions of these individual landslides, and their temporal activity become difficult to identify in such regional assessment carried out over a larger area. In this study therefore, a different approach is adopted whereby the spatio-temporal activity and style of Lanta Khola landslide, a perennially active and large (0.25 km2) debris flow in the Eastern Himalayas, has been studied in detail through detailed scale (1:1000) site-specific geological mapping in phases during the last 28 years (1983–2011). Such site-specific geological observations coupled with numerical slope stability analysis utilising the limit equilibrium method facilitate in detailed understanding of the temporal and spatial evolution and inherent mechanism of this perennial landslide. 相似文献
4.
T. A. Bogaard P. Antoine P. Desvarreux A. Giraud Th. W. J. van Asch 《Engineering Geology》2000,55(4):1-312
The Mondorès graben in the south-eastern French Alps is an uncommon structural feature, which originates in a complex polyphasic tectonic evolution. In contrast with its immediate surroundings, with hardly any huge landslides, the Mondorès graben is characterised by various types of landslides. A huge sagging caused part of the limestone cliff to subside some 50 m within 50 years. Two recent mud flows that occurred were considered a potential threat to some inhabited places downstream. The hydrologic aspects of the Boulc-Mondorès landslide resemble the geology: infiltration (and karst input?) in the rock-sliding zone and exfiltration in the marls resulting in slumps and mud flows. The mass movement interactions could be explained by a structural geology analysis with geodetic monitoring using different techniques. It is also shown that hydrochemistry as well as geophysical surveys are of importance in unravelling the hydrologic systems and the geological subsurface structures. The present paper aims at explaining the geological control of the different slides in view of estimating their potential danger. Understanding the geological structure and its evolution therefore is a necessary prerequisite. 相似文献
5.
内蒙古老国营子金铜矿床是近年来利用地质与地球物理相互结合手段新发现的一个矿床。本次研究利用基于电磁原理的地球物理手段进行了找矿测试,结果表明:甚低频(VLF)地球物理扫面发现了近EW向和NW向的高阻带,分别对应了两条相应的矿化蚀变带。音频大地电磁法(EH4)测深影像显示矿化蚀变带表现为高阻异常带,与VLF的测量结果相一致。激电(IP)中梯测量显示矿化蚀变带具有高阻、高充电率和高金属因子异常特征。结合具体的地质特征,在老国营子金铜矿区综合运用这三种地球物理方法,取得了较好的找矿效果。 相似文献
6.
7.
汶川地震在龙门山地区激发了大量的次生地质灾害,其中尤以滑坡灾害分布最为广泛和严重。在所有滑坡灾害中,东河口滑坡发生在北川破裂带的北东端点,具有相当的特殊性,并造成了大量的生命财产损失。东河口滑坡是一种抛射型滑坡,具有与其他如重力或者降雨作用导致的滑坡不同的特点,即没有统一连续的滑动面,由上部比较深陡和下部比较浅缓的截然分开的两部分组成,在强地震加速度的作用下,滑坡体被抛射并在与地面发生碰撞之前沿抛物线轨迹运行。文章综合分析了东河口抛射型滑坡发生的地质地貌条件,并解释了该抛射型滑坡发生的动力源机制。结果显示,东河口滑坡区的滑坡带和翼状裂隙带在北川破裂带两侧的规则分布受控于断层的运动方式和滑坡的空间分布位置;此外,除地震动水平加速度和地质地貌条件外,垂直加速度和断层的运动方式对地震滑坡的激发也起着重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
中等倾角岩层顺向坡,受坡体结构和岩体物理力学性质控制,多存在变形、崩塌、滑坡等工程地质问题,常常会诱发大规模的地质灾害。该类斜坡潜在滑动面不直接出露地表,一般具有变形机制复杂、隐蔽性强和危害大的特点,是滑坡领域关注与研究的重点。拖担水库大坝左岸为一古滑坡,在水库扩建开挖过程中,诱发古滑坡体复活。在分析古滑坡工程地质条件的基础上,结合地质勘察和变形监测结果,研究了其变形特征及形成机制。研究结果表明:①左岸古滑坡具有岩层倾角“上陡下缓”、滑体底部存在反倾坡内的剪切破碎带、滑床岩体产生弧状弯曲的特点;②古滑坡体为一基岩顺层滑坡,滑动模式为“滑移（弯曲）—剪断”型,其变形破坏过程包括三个阶段:弯曲隆起阶段、滑移剪出阶段和扰动变形阶段;③该类斜坡变形破坏后,坡体易沿“上陡下缓”的椅型软弱层面发生二次滑动,滑坡控制关键是对下部变形区的保护。 相似文献
9.
On the use of gravity and magnetic anomalies for locating probable areas of metallic mineralization in South Sinai, Egypt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present study deals with processing and interpreting the potential gravity and magnetic data in order to locate promising
sites for metallic mineral occurrences in the basement rocks of South Sinai. Two promising sites were anticipated by combining
the geophysical results and the available geological information. Each site was profiled and interpreted to the nearly approximated
subsurface feature model, and the geometrical parameters of the expected subsurface structures may form mineralized bodies
such as depth, thickness, width, dipping, density contrast, and magnetic susceptibility contrast could be delineated. Detailed
ground Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Vertical Magnetic Gradient (VMG) methods were carried out in the site A2, eight VLF and
VMG anomalies were determined, and their depths were calculated. 相似文献
10.
Abstract: Landslide research at the British Geological Survey (BGS) is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the UK has been carried out since BGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, BGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers (BGS·SIGMAmobile), with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which BGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, BGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. BGS’s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the BGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain. It currently holds over 14?000 records of landslide events. By combining BGS’s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, BGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale. 相似文献
11.
四川彭州市灯杆坡滑坡变形特征及稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者等对"5.12"汶川地震诱发的彭州市灯杆坡大型堆积体滑坡的变形破坏特征、滑坡的过程机制及震后稳定性进行了较系统的研究。滑坡变形可分为三个区,Ⅰ区为主变形区,Ⅱ和Ⅲ区为Ⅰ区后缘开裂诱发的向两侧的塌陷;滑坡Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区为推移式滑坡,Ⅲ区为牵引式滑坡,主滑Ⅰ区为沿基覆界面的推移式滑移,后缘开裂下错,中前部挤胀开裂;降雨和地震因素对滑坡稳定性影响较大,暴雨和地震情况下滑坡体处于欠稳定到不稳定状态,其中Ⅰ区中前部存在较严重的局部稳定性问题。 相似文献
12.
13.
西宁市北山地区位于地质灾害高易发区,尤其是大寺沟至王家庄段是西宁市特大型地质灾害群中灾害隐患最多、最严重、最危险的区段.在分析该区段滑坡总体特征的基础上,以林家崖滑坡群为研究对象,分析了该滑坡群的空间形态特征、物质组成和结构特征,并选择折线形滑动模型和3种不同工况对其稳定性进行了计算,最后对滑坡群进行了稳定性评价.认为：1）北山大寺沟至王家庄段共发育崩塌危岩31处,大型滑坡体4处,大型泥石流沟2条;2）林家崖滑坡群滑体主要以崩积物为主,物质组分为粉质黏土夹碎块石;3）受地形地貌、地层岩性、降雨制约和人类工程活动影响,滑坡群目前整体处于等速变形阶段,应加强治理,防止变形进一步加剧.研究成果将为该地区严重的地质灾害防治提供基础地质依据. 相似文献
14.
Mümin Köksoy 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1978,9(1):39-52
The Keban Pb-Zn deposit is an old and important mine in Turkey, and intensive geological, geophysical exploration and diamond drilling have been carried out in the area in an attempt to find new ore reserves. Graphitic schist in the hanging wall of the ore zone, which has sealed the deposit, has produced many false geophysical anomalies. Thus, it is apparently difficult to distinguish the geophysical anomalies related to ore deposits from those caused by the graphitic schist and other geological features of the area. Geochemical data obtained from soil samples over the deposite show significant leakage anomalies indicating the mineralization at depth. The geochemical data are also helpful in the interpretation of geophysical data. 相似文献
15.
渭河中游宝鸡-扶风段北岸塬边集中发育大型黄土滑坡,体积超过1 000×104 m3的滑坡达58处。在区域活动断裂调查、地球物理勘察、典型斜坡结构与构造调查基础上,研究了大型滑坡结构及其形成机理。研究表明：渭河北缘活动断裂以地堑式结构控制北坡塬边斜坡的地貌,主断裂面倾向南,倾角平均为68°,而次级断面结构组合控制斜坡结构,影响塬边大型黄土滑坡结构;塬边主断裂面与多个大型黄土滑坡后缘滑壁一致,断裂最大下挫距离7.1 m,影响大型滑坡的形态及发生过程;活动断裂呈地堑式结构,局部次级断面控制塬边多级滑动面的结构及其演化过程,如杨家村滑坡,局部滑坡剪出受断裂结构控制,剪出口角度可达72°,大部分剪出口未受到断裂面影响,角度平均为23°;三门组黏土岩黏粒体积分数超过35%,塑限平均值为23,是滑坡的层间剪切带;降雨诱发老滑坡复活是目前新滑坡发育的主要形式,大量的老滑坡形成于0.009 Ma BP二级阶地侵蚀期,而古滑坡形成于0.13 Ma BP三级阶地侵蚀期。 相似文献
16.
藏东南地区地理位置特殊、地形地貌独特、水力资源丰沛、战略地位重要,规划建设有诸多重大战略性基础设施和建设工程。受构造性隆升、地震活动、海洋性冰川、立体气候和人类工程活动等内外动力因素影响,该区域内密集发育高位远程滑坡地质灾害,严重威胁重大工程的安全运营。高位远程滑坡具有隐蔽性强、冲击力大、致灾范围广等特点,使得当前的研究面临“起滑机制不清、灾变机理不明、运动预测不准”的挑战,亟需解决复杂地质环境下高位远程滑坡具有的超高起滑势能、超强运动特性和超大致灾能力3个方面的科学问题,有待揭示藏东南地区孕灾环境特征和滑坡分布规律、高海拔脆性岩体起滑机制、高位崩滑体运动形态转化机制和崩滑体流态化远程运动机制等研究难点。基于这些成果构建的高位远程滑坡动力学将有助于指导藏东南重大工程规划建设中地质灾害风险防范的理论依据,对藏东南地区可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
17.
L. P. Sharma Nilanchal Patel P. Debnath M. K. Ghose 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(4):789-796
Hilly regions are prone to landslides that cause heavy losses of life and properties every year. A number of researches and
analyses are carried out in the GIS environment to identify landslide vulnerability in the region. The important conditioning
factors identified by the researchers are slope, geological, geomorphologic features, and land use coupled with triggering
factors like rainfall and a few of the anthropogenic activities. Soil forms the uppermost part of the earth crust, and it
is expected that various soil characteristics like depth, surface texture, depth texture, soil erosion, hydraulic conductivity,
stoniness, etc., play significant roles in causing landslide in the area. These factors have been ignored so far by most researchers
while identifying landslide hazard-prone areas. This paper attempts to assess the vulnerability status in parts of East Sikkim,
India, by integrating the influence of the various soil attributes. A composite index called soil stability value was determined
by aggregating the weights assigned to different soil parameters. Finally, based on the soil stability values, the study area
was classified into least vulnerable, moderately vulnerable, and most vulnerable zones of landslide occurrences. Comparison
between the vulnerability zones and the actual landslide occurrences yielded a 90% agreement with the density of landslides
in the most vulnerable zone, demonstrating the efficacy of soil characteristics as potential indicators of landslide events. 相似文献
18.
2019年7月16日,位于舟曲—化马深大活动断裂带的舟曲县牙豁口发生滑坡,滑坡长1 920 m,宽50~190 m,体积212×104 m3,为典型的推移式大型长条状断层破碎带堆积层滑坡。滑坡自上而下沿原老滑道分级分块逐步发育形成,滑动历时近50天,最大滑距500 m,滑坡破坏X414县道、养鸡场等,并使岷江呈半堵塞状态,影响汛期行洪安全。通过现场调查、监测、无人机测量、岩土试验和收集历史滑坡资料,对牙豁口滑坡形成的地质环境、滑坡发育历史、滑坡分级分块特征、滑动过程和成因进行了系统研究。牙豁口滑坡分为上、下相对独立的两级滑坡。上级滑坡又可分为南支滑块和北支滑块两部分,在老滑坡的基础上长期孕育发展,上级滑坡北支滑块在2013年前就已活动,2019年7月16日上级滑坡南支滑块开始剧烈滑动,并推挤北支滑块前部一同复活滑动。上级滑坡约10×104 m3滑体下滑加载于下级滑坡,下级滑坡于7月24日由上向下逐步扩展变形和滑动,下级滑坡又可分为上、中、下三段滑体,滑坡前缘于8月10日达到岷江边,使岷江呈半堵状态。牙豁口滑坡总体具有孕育历史悠久、滑动历时长、滑动速度较低、分级分块差异性滑动的特点。长期活动的深大断裂带及凹槽状地形、软弱易滑的灰黑色风化破碎炭质板岩、地下水和大气降水的强烈作用、两侧崩滑体的堆积加载是滑坡发生的主要原因。 相似文献
19.
The influence of intense rainfall on the activity of large-scale crystalline schist landslides in Shikoku Island, Japan 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Yong Hong Hiromasa Hiura Kazuo Shino Kyoji Sassa Akira Suemine Hiroshi Fukuoka Gonghui Wang 《Landslides》2005,2(2):97-105
Many large landslides in the crystalline schist region of Shikoku Island, Japan, are susceptible to intense rainfall. Through the use of on-site monitoring systems, the activity of landslides and their meteorological triggers can be assessed. Continuous high-intensity rainfall was found to play a key role in provoking landslide movement. This paper investigates the influence of intense rainfall on the activity of crystalline schist landslides by examining rainfall and displacement of four typical landslides. By defining and calculating the effective rainfall and the relative landslide displacement, the relationship between intense rainfall and rainfall-induced landslide movement was analysed. Results indicate that the intense rainfall-induced landslide movement can be correlated with the effective rainfall. From these results, two rainfall thresholds were identified for the landslide risk management of Shikoku Island. 相似文献
20.
白龙江流域坪定-化马断裂带滑坡特征及其形成演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿坪定-化马断裂带发育数个大型或巨型滑坡。这些断裂带滑坡特点明显,成因类似,各滑坡一般发育多个次级滑坡体,滑坡岩土体由次生黄土、断裂带强风化带、断裂破碎带组成,具双层或三层结构。滑坡总体顺断裂走向下滑,历史上曾多次活动。近年来变形监测资料表明,断裂带滑坡目前处于匀速蠕变阶段,表现为蠕滑→拉裂（塑流拉裂）→次级滑坡体启动下滑的特征。它是在断裂活动、地震、降雨、人类工程活动等内外动力耦合作用下形成的,坪定-化马断裂的长期活动为滑坡形成提供了前提条件,断裂带的岩土体性质是滑坡长期活动的物质基础,而降雨、地震、坡脚开挖等是滑坡体失稳下滑的主要诱发因素。因而,有必要进一步研究断裂带滑坡在内外动力耦合作用下的成灾机理,为滑坡灾害防治预警提供科学依据。 相似文献