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1.
安第斯与冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿床矿物学和成矿斑岩地球化学特征对比 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在总结安第斯和冈底斯斑岩铜矿床地质矿物学特征的基础上,通过对2个成矿带与斑岩铜矿床有关的岩浆岩地球化学特征的对比分析,探讨了2种构造环境下形成的斑岩铜矿床含矿斑岩与成矿过程的异同点。安第斯成矿带的斑岩铜矿床形成于洋壳俯冲陆缘弧环境,成矿时代主要集中在始新世晚期—渐新世(43~31Ma)和中新世中期—上新世(12~4Ma),金属组合包括Cu-Mo和Cu-Au,含矿斑岩的SiO_2含量变化范围较大,岩性从中性到酸性,以钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列为主,少部分具有典型埃达克岩地球化学特征,而大多数安第斯含矿斑岩具有正常岛弧系列火山岩的地球化学特征。冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿床主要发育于陆-陆碰撞环境,成矿时代为中新世(20~12Ma),金属组合为Cu-Mo,缺乏Cu-Au组合,含矿斑岩岩性以酸性为主,且主要为高钾钙碱性-钾玄质系列岩浆岩,具有典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征。安第斯成矿带含矿斑岩的形成很可能是板片释放流体交代楔形地幔,经部分熔融与MASH过程的产物,并不是直接源于洋壳的部分熔融;而冈底斯成矿带含矿斑岩成因可能是早期洋壳多次俯冲形成俯冲增生弧,之后在陆陆碰撞过程中经历缩短加厚,与深部构造动力学机制发生变化时的部分熔融有关。 相似文献
2.
埃达克岩是一种新型的火成岩(Sr/Y值≥20),形成于环太平洋带的大洋岛弧、大陆边缘造山带和陆缘火山弧环境,依据REE配分模式可将其划分为两种成因类型:大洋型(O-型)埃达克岩和大陆型(C-型)埃达克岩。西南太平洋带是世界上新生代埃达克岩和类埃达克岩广泛分布的地区之一。这些中酸性岩浆岩广泛分布于东南亚地区的菲律宾群岛、苏拉威西和加里曼丹中部、印度尼西亚几内亚岛和巴布亚新几内亚至所罗门群岛一带,零星见于班达岛弧、苏门答腊和西爪哇等地。研究结果表明:不同成因类型的埃达克岩具有不同的含矿性,反映各自来源于不同的岩浆岩源区。无论在西南太平洋带还是东太平洋带(智利),C-型埃达克岩(La/Yb值≥12)是俯冲板块的部分熔融作用叠加岩浆上侵过程中MASH(熔融-混染-储存-均一化)和AFC(混染-分异-结晶)作用的产物,与世界级斑岩铜-金矿床共生;而O-型埃达克岩(La/Yb比值≤12)则与俯冲的海洋平缓板块部分熔融作用有关,在西南太平洋带主要与浅成热泉金矿带和喷气型矿床有成因联系。 相似文献
3.
埃达克岩：斑岩铜矿的一种可能的重要含矿母岩——以西藏和智利斑岩铜矿为例 总被引：105，自引：19，他引：105
作者通过对 3个重要的斑岩铜矿带的综合研究和对比分析发现 ,最具成矿潜力的含矿斑岩不是典型的岛弧岩浆岩 ,而是一种高SiO2 〔w(SiO2 ) >5 6 %〕、高Al2 O3〔w(Al2 O3) >15 %〕、富Sr(多数wSr>40 0× 10 -6)、低Y(多数wY<16× 10 -6)的岩石 ,具有埃达克岩地球化学特征 ,显示埃达克岩岩浆亲合性。含矿的长英质岩浆并非来自地幔楔形区或壳幔过渡带 ,而是来自俯冲的洋壳板片的直接熔融。该俯冲板片熔融前通常变质为含水的榴辉岩。在安第斯弧造山带 ,大洋板块低缓、快速、斜向俯冲 ,诱发洋壳板片直接熔融 ,形成埃达克质熔体 ,后者通过分凝和封闭性演化 ,形成安第斯中新世_上新世巨型斑岩铜矿系统 ;在青藏高原碰撞造山带 ,俯冲并堆积于地幔岩石圈的古老洋壳物质的变质和拆沉 ,诱发榴辉岩部分熔融 ,产生埃达克质熔体 ,并与幔源熔体混合 ,形成西藏冈底斯和玉龙斑岩铜矿系统。 相似文献
4.
俯冲带部分熔融 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
俯冲带是地幔对流环的下沉翼,是地球内部的重要物理与化学系统。俯冲带具有比周围地幔更低的温度,因此,一般认为俯冲板片并不会发生部分熔融,而是脱水导致上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融。但是,也有研究认为,在水化的洋壳俯冲过程中可以发生部分熔融。特别是在下列情况下,俯冲洋壳的部分熔融是俯冲带岩浆作用的重要方式。年轻的大洋岩石圈发生低角度缓慢俯冲时,洋壳物质可以发生饱和水或脱水熔融,基性岩部分熔融形成埃达克岩。太古代的俯冲带很可能具有与年轻大洋岩石圈俯冲带类似的热结构,俯冲的洋壳板片部分熔融可以形成英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩。平俯冲大洋高原中的基性岩可以发生部分熔融产生埃达克岩。扩张洋中脊俯冲可以导致板片窗边缘的洋壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩。与俯冲洋壳相比,俯冲的大陆地壳具有很低的水含量,较难发生部分熔融,但在超高压变质陆壳岩石的折返过程中可以经历广泛的脱水熔融。超高压变质岩在地幔深部熔融形成的熔体与地幔相互作用是碰撞造山带富钾岩浆岩的可能成因机制。碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳可经历长期的高温与高压变质和脱水熔融,形成S型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石。 相似文献
5.
本文根据文献上的新生代岩浆岩岩石化学数据,确定印尼爪哇岛和加里曼丹岛中部等地存在埃达克质岩存在的证据和成因,判别其地球化学-构造环境,将其与印支板块东北侧的同时代埃达克质岩以及南苏门答腊楠榜省第四纪埃达克质岩的构造环境进行对比。本区新生代埃达克质岩形成于活动大陆边缘火山弧,可以划分为两种类型:C-型(大陆型)和O-型(岛弧型)埃达克岩,其La/Yb比值变化于3.47~28之间,比阿留申群岛的典型埃达克岩的La/Yb比值(20)变化范围更大,其成因是由俯冲板片部分熔融,地幔楔混染和上地壳的结晶分离作用(AFC)而成。Zr/Nb-Mg O和Zr/Nb-Zr图解以及Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值证明了本区大多数火山岩的岩浆作用和岩浆岩源区与地幔楔混染有关。 相似文献
6.
埃达克岩的特征、成因及构造意义 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
与多数弧岩浆岩具有玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩的岩石组合不同,有一种弧岩浆岩以英安岩及与其成分相当的深成岩为主,由于其独特的地球化学特征被定义为埃达克岩。埃达克岩的显著特征是高Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y、La/Yb、Zr/Sm而低Y、Yb、Sc。根据熔浆-矿物平衡热力学,岩浆被认为起源于榴辉岩相条件下俯冲板片的部分熔融。这样的熔融条件一般认为要求年轻(<25Ma)而热(≈10℃/km)的水化玄武质洋壳岩石发生俯冲作用,并在大约75～90km深处发生脱水部分熔融形成埃达克岩岩浆。在岩浆弧岩石成因体系中,这样的熔融条件最可能出现在板块俯冲的初始阶段。因此,埃达克岩概念的提出与研究可能具有重要的构造意义。 相似文献
7.
两类埃达克岩的含矿性和成因:东南亚地区与东太平洋带对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新生代埃达克岩是一种新型的火成岩(Sr/Y≥20),多产出于大洋岛弧、大陆边缘造山带(东南亚地区)和陆缘火山弧环境(东太平洋带),依据REE配分模式可将其划分为2种成因类型:大洋型(O型)和大陆型(C型)。埃达克岩分别广泛分布于东南亚地区的菲律宾群岛、苏拉威西、中加里曼丹、印度尼西亚几内亚岛、巴布亚新几内亚至所罗门群岛一带,及东太平洋带的北美洲、墨西哥、中美洲、南美洲的北部至南部。研究表明:不同成因类型的埃达克岩具有不同的含矿性,反映各自岩浆源区不同。C型埃达克岩(La/Yb12)是俯冲海洋板块部分熔融叠加增厚的地壳底部部分熔融MASH(熔融-混染-储存-均一化)和AFC(混染-分异-结晶)作用的产物,多半与世界级斑岩铜金矿床共生;O型埃达克岩(La/Yb≤12)则与平缓俯冲的海洋板片部分熔融作用有关,在东南亚地区主要与浅成热泉金矿有成因联系。 相似文献
8.
对钦杭结合带西南段大瑶山东南缘的中晚侏罗世埃达克质花岗岩（165~153 Ma）进行了岩石学、地球化学研究,并探讨了埃达克质和TTG岩类的特征属性。岩石SiO2含量63.76%~72.13%,总体具高Al2O3（Al2O3≥15%）、低MgO （<3%）,亏损重稀土元素（HREE）、正Eu异常或弱的负Eu异常,低Y （≤18×10-6）和Yb （≤1.9×10-6）,高Sr （>300×10-6）和Sr/Y值（>20）等埃达克岩独特的地球化学特征。结合区域构造演化分析认为,该侏罗纪埃达克质花岗岩形成于陆内伸展构造背景,为大陆板内加厚（隆起区）的下地壳底部岩石部分熔融的产物,属大陆板内环境I型花岗岩。具有类似于低镁安山岩/闪长岩系列（LMA）和镁安山岩/闪长岩系列（MA）两种高压型TTG亚类的属性,为古俯冲增生带下地壳弧型岩石熔融的继承性特征,与中生代古太平洋俯冲板片熔融过程无关,属非俯冲成因的埃达克/TTG岩类。其空间上与大瑶山东南缘早古生代俯冲增生带高度重合,且与早古生代TTG侵入岩组合紧密相邻,提示它们可能源自于早古生代洋壳俯冲带或大陆边缘弧下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,因而具有洋俯冲成因的特征属性。 相似文献
9.
东南沿海地区中生代火山-侵入杂岩形成的构造背景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国东南沿海地区分布着大量中生代火山—侵入杂岩。有关这些杂岩形成的构造背景,争议颇大。其中代表性的观点有:(1)属于安第斯型活动大陆边缘大量中生代火山—侵入杂岩的形成与太平洋板块的俯冲相关联,火山-侵入杂岩的特征可与安第斯型火山-侵入岩组合 相似文献
10.
东南亚新生代两类埃达克岩的分布、成因和含矿性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
东南亚的巽他群岛-巴布亚新几内亚是新生代埃达克岩和类埃达克岩发育的地区。这些中酸性岩浆岩广泛见于印度尼西亚几内亚岛、苏拉威西和巴布亚新几内亚, 零星见于苏门答腊、班达岛弧、西爪哇和中加里曼丹等地。本区埃达克岩和类埃达克岩岩石类型分别属于岛弧拉斑钙碱性系列和高钾钙碱性系列, 以重稀土元素Y, Yb含量低(分别为Y ≤19 ×10-6和Yb ≤1.8 ×10-6)和高Sr值(＞355 × 10-6)为特征。微量元素蛛网图上有明显的Ba、K、Sr正异常峰和负的Th、Nb (Ta)异常谷。大离子亲石元素(LILE)和高场强元素(HFSE)相对富集。本区埃达克岩和类埃达克岩的构造位置为新生代缝合线附近的大洋岛弧和陆缘造山带, 可划分为两种成因类型:第一种为岛弧拉斑/钙碱性系列, 其REE配分模式属于大洋岛弧型, 见于现代大洋岛弧, 称为岛弧型(O-型)埃达克岩; 另一种为高钾钙碱性系列, 其REE配分模式属于大陆型, 产于大陆板块边缘造山带, 与弧-陆碰撞和后碰撞构造环境有成因联系, 见于大陆边缘, 称为大陆型(C-型)埃达克岩。 研究结果表明:大陆型(C-型)埃达克岩和类埃达克岩分布区域与世界级斑岩铜-金矿分布相一致, 而大洋岛弧型(O-型)主要与浅成热泉金矿和喷气型有成因联系。 相似文献
11.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(12):1075-1085
The modern Andean Cordillera has proven to be a good modern analog for the Mesozoic and early Tertiary tectonic evolution of the US Cordillera, particularly for the transition between the Sevier and Laramide orogenies. A detailed version of this analogy, based on the tectonic evolution of the northern Chilean Andes, may explain the tectonic style of intra-arc exhumation and the southward migration of tectonism associated with arc extinction in southern California. Two regionally extensive episodes of deformation and exhumation are identified in southern California; the first occurred in an intra-arc setting in mid-Late Cretaceous time, and the second followed extinction of the magmatic arc and tectonic underplating by a blueschist/greenschist-grade metagraywacke terrane. We develop a model of Laramide oblique subduction of an aseismic oceanic ridge to explain these observations, based on modern subduction of the Juan Fernandez Ridge beneath the northern Chilean Andes. Laramide oblique ridge collision and consequent shallow subduction beneath southern California extinguished the magmatic arc and its intra-arc thrust belt and caused tectonic burial of the forearc beneath the extinct magmatic arc. 相似文献
12.
Partial melting of subducting oceanic crust expressed as high-Mg volcanic rocks such as adakites and boninites has been actively studied for decades, and Lee and King (2010) reported that time-evolving subduction parameters such as the age and the subduction rate of the converging oceanic plate play important roles in transient partial melting of the subducting oceanic crust (e.g., Aleutians). However, few subduction model experiments have considered time-evolving subduction parameters, posing problems for studies of transient partial melting of subducting oceanic crust in many subduction zones. Therefore, we constructed two-dimensional kinematic–dynamic subduction models for the Izu–Bonin, Mariana, Northeast Japan, Kuril, Tonga, Java–Sunda, and Aleutian subduction zones that account for the last 50 Myr of their evolution. The models include the time-evolving age and convergence rate of the incoming oceanic plate, so the effect of time-evolving subduction parameters on transient partial melting of oceanic crust can be evaluated. Our model calculations revealed that adakites and boninites in the Izu–Bonin and Aleutian subduction zones resulted from transient partial melting of oceanic crust. However, the steady-state subduction model using current subduction parameters did not produce any partial melting of oceanic crust in the aforementioned subduction zones, indicating that time-evolving subduction parameters are crucial for modeling transient eruption of adakites and boninites. Our model calculations confirm that other geological processes such as forearc extension, back-arc opening, mantle plumes and ridge subduction are required for partial melting of the oceanic crust in the Mariana, Northeast Japan, Tonga, and southeastern Java–Sunda subduction zones. 相似文献
13.
Shoji KOJIMA 《Resource Geology》1999,49(3):175-181
Abstract: In Chile the principal gold deposits of the low- and high-sulfidation types occur in the middle Creataceous-early Eocene Precordillera and in the middle to late Miocene Andean Cordillera, respectively. In both areas their related magma-tism migrates south-east with time. This feature suggests that the metallogenic integrity is greatly affected by a change in the tectonic regime from a transpressive oblique subduction to a weakly-compressive normal subduction. Moreover, certain differences in the geologic setting, such as the structure of host rocks are recognized between the two types of Chilean epither-mal gold deposits. This data provide us not only with genetic implications regarding epithermal gold deposits, but also an important guide for gold exploration in the Chilean Cordillera. 相似文献
14.
埃达克岩：关于其成因的一些不同观点 总被引：171，自引：57，他引：114
埃达克岩的概念是十多年前提出来的,指由俯冲的年轻洋壳熔融形成的火成岩。自从最初在现代岛弧近十几个地方报道埃达克岩以来,新近又在几个地方发现有埃达克岩（如日本西南部,外墨西哥火山岩带,等等）。但是,过去十 多年的研究也表明,埃达克岩可以由俯冲期间的其它过程产生（例如,沿俯冲板片的撕裂边,留在上地幔中的板片残余等）。另外,埃达克岩似乎与一些岩石呈共生组合,这些岩石包括高镁安山岩、富Nb的弦玄武岩（NEAB）,还可能有玻安岩（几个研究者已在玻安岩中发现有埃达克岩的组分）。高镇安山岩不是来自埃达克与地幔的相互作用（Adak-type),就是来自此相互作用期间地幔的熔融（Piip-type);富Nb的弦玄武岩,据认为是来自一种被埃达我岩广泛交代的地幔的部分熔融。作为一个新的岩套,埃达克岩交代火山岩系列已被建议用来解释各种岩石组合。此外,大量的富Pb弧玄武岩也已被发现包含有超镁铁质的地幔包体,而这些包体有高亏损地幔与埃达克反应的明显证据。关于主要与下地壳熔而不是冲板片有关的埃达克岩的起源已提出几种假说,一个模型认为,下地壳熔融出现在玄武质岩浆底侵下地壳时。但是,有许多理由似乎可以排除这种模式。另一种模型认为,在大陆地壳很厚的区域,下地壳可能变成榴辉岩,从而拆离并下沉到地幔中（拆沉）。这个拆沉过程将导致下地壳下中拆沉的下地壳的上部与相对热的地幔接触,进而可引起下地壳熔融和埃达克岩的形成。这使我们认为,在中国东部发现的与俯冲作用无关的白垩纪埃达克可能是下地壳熔融与拆沉作用的产物。我们 还要强调,如果下地壳熔融与拆沉作用真能形成埃达克岩,那么埃达克岩这一术语不应该仅仅局限于与板片熔融有关的过程,而应包括那些与下地壳熔融有关的过程。太古宙的大陆地壳主要由奥长花岗岩、英云闪长岩和英安岩（TTD）组成。这种大陆地壳是来自板片熔融还是下地壳熔融仍是有争议的。然而,我们认为,太古宙期间地幔的较高温度会导致较多的洋中脊的形成,从而产生比今天“更多”的年轻洋壳的俯冲。据此,我们认为,太古宙TTD大陆地宙主要由板片熔融形成。我们也注意到,太古宙是广泛金矿化的时期。有些研究者还发现,金和铜的矿化与埃达克质交代火山岩系列有关。因此,该火山岩系列可能会寻找金属矿床的一个重要标志。 相似文献
15.
The tectonic evolution of the southwestern margin of Pangea supercontinent is represented by the extensive late Paleozoic–Triassic magmatism along the southwestern margin of South America, including the Chilean Frontal Andes batholiths as part of the Choiyoi province. Several models have proposed cessation of subduction as the reason behind the vast amounts of felsic magmatism and apparent lack of typical arc magmas. Here, new U-Pb in zircon ages, and geochemical and isotope analyses (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Re-Os) indicate that mid Permian–Triassic granitic magmatism originated in a subduction-related extensional setting (slab rollback). Subduction and anatexis of lower continental crust were the main magma-generation mechanisms, the latter caused by asthenospheric upwelling, decompression and subsequent accumulation of underplated basalts. A comparison with coeval igneous units along the Chilean-Argentine border allows extension of this model from at least 21° to 40°S. The key elements triggering slab rollback are low subduction plate velocities and convergence rates, which can be attributed to the assembly of Pangea supercontinent (mid Permian–Triassic). Therefore, subduction of the oceanic plate beneath South America has been a continuous process from early Paleozoic times onwards—rather than having a period without subduction before the onset of the Andean cycle as previous models have invoked. New geochronological constraints indicate that the peak of the voluminous crustal-derived magmatism and related explosive volcanism (Choiyoi province) was contemporaneous with the emplacement of the Emeishan and Siberian Traps LIPs, potentially conditioning the Earth system for the environmental collapse and biotic crises related to those LIPs. The observed tectonic changes, magmatism and related environmental implications could potentially be linked to the assembly of Pangea supercontinent. 相似文献
16.
Adakite-like features are recognized in the Late Miocene (~10 Ma) porphyritic intrusions of the Los Pelambres giant porphyry copper deposit, central Chile (32°S). Located within the southern portion of the flat-slab segment (28–33°S) of the Chilean Andes, the Al- and Na-rich porphyries of Los Pelambres display distinctly higher Sr/Y (~100–300) and LaN/YbN (~25–60) ratios than contemporaneous and barren magmatic units (e.g., La Gloria pluton, Cerro Aconcagua volcanic rocks) of the same Andean magmatic belt. Strong fractionation of heavy rare earth elements (HREE), absence of Eu anomalies, high Sr/Y and Zr/Sm and low Nb/Ta ratios suggest melt extraction from a garnet-amphibolite source. The Late-Miocene adakite-like porphyritic intrusions at Los Pelambres formed closely related in time and space to the subduction of the Juan Fernández Ridge (JFR) hotspot chain along the Chilean margin. Current tectonic reconstructions reveal that, at the time of formation of the Los Pelambres rocks, a W-E segment of the JFR started to subduct beneath them, producing a slow-down of a previously rapid southward migration of a NE-ridge—trench collision. These particular tectonic conditions are favorable for the origin of the Los Pelambres porphyry suite by melting of subducting young hotspot rocks under flat-slab conditions. The incorporation of crustal components into the oceanic lithopheric magma source by subduction erosion is evidenced by the Sr-Nd isotope composition of the Los Pelambres rocks different from the MORB signatures of true adakites. A close relationship apparently exists between the origin of this adakite-like magmatism and the source of the mineralization in the Los Pelambres porphyry copper deposit.Editorial handling: R.J. Goldfarb 相似文献
17.
为了研究大兴安岭中段地区早三叠世的构造背景问题,以下三叠统哈达陶勒盖组火山岩为研究对象,通过野外观测和X射线荧光光谱分析法、等离子质谱法分别对样品的主量、微量元素进行了测试.结果显示哈达陶勒盖组火山岩是一套中酸性钙碱系列岩石组合,具有高Sr、低Yb与Y和高Sr/Y的特点,为钠质（O型）埃达克岩.结合区域资料认为,古亚洲洋于早三叠世时期闭合的碰撞应力使贺根山-嫩江-黑河构造带活化,推动构造带内年轻地壳由南向北俯冲,进而推动古生代残留洋壳向更深的地幔插入,在此过程中加热并熔融、喷出地表形成哈达陶勒盖组埃达克岩,并在山间盆地沉积了湖相碎屑堆积-老龙头组. 相似文献
18.
Role of the subducted slab,mantle wedge and continental crust in the generation of adakites from the Andean Austral Volcanic Zone 总被引：78，自引：2，他引：78
All six Holocene volcanic centers of the Andean Austral Volcanic Zone (AVZ; 49–54°S) have erupted exclusively adakitic andesites
and dacites characterized by low Yb and Y concentrations and high Sr/Y ratios, suggesting a source with residual garnet, amphibole
and pyroxene, but little or no olivine and plagioclase. Melting of mafic lower crust may be the source for adakites in some
arcs, but such a source is inconsistent with the high Mg# of AVZ adakites. Also, the AVZ occurs in a region of relatively
thin crust (<35 km) within which plagioclase rather than garnet is stable. The source for AVZ adakites is more likely to be
subducted oceanic basalt, recrystallized to garnet-amphibolite or eclogite. Geothermal models indicate that partial melting
of the subducted oceanic crust is probable below the Austral Andes due to the slow subduction rate (2 cm/year) and the young
age (<24 Ma) of the subducted oceanic lithosphere. Geochemical models for AVZ adakites are also consistent with a large material
contribution from subducted oceanic crust (35–90% slab-derived mass), including sediment (up to 4% sediment-derived mass,
representing approximately 15% of all sediment subducted). Variable isotopic and trace-element ratios observed for AVZ adakites,
which span the range reported for adakites world-wide, require multistage models involving melting of different proportions
of subducted basalt and sediment, as well as an important material contribution from both the overlying mantle wedge (10–50%
mass contribution) and continental crust (0–30% mass contribution). Andesites from Cook Island volcano, located in the southernmost
AVZ (54°S) where subduction is more oblique, have MORB-like Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotopic composition and trace-element ratios.
These can be modeled by small degrees (2–4%) of partial melting of eclogitic MORB, yielding a tonalitic parent (intermediate
SiO2, CaO/Na2O>1), followed by limited interaction of this melt with the overlying mantle (≥90% MORB melt, ≤10% mantle), but only very
little (≤1%) or no participation of either subducted sediment or crust. In contrast, models for the magmatic evolution of
Burney (52°S), Reclus (51°S) and northernmost AVZ (49–50°S) andesites and dacites require melting of a mixture of MORB and
subducted sediment, followed by interaction of this melt not only with the overlying mantle, but the crust as well. Crustal
assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes and the mass contribution from the crust become more significant
northwards in the AVZ as the angle of convergence becomes more orthogonal.
Received: 1 March 1995 / Accepted: 13 September 1995 相似文献
19.
中国东部中生代岩浆活动与板块俯冲的关系——浙闽与日本弧和安第斯弧的对比及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国东部中-新生代的构造背景是中国地质学界最关注的问题之一。自20世纪70年代板块构造学说引入中国后,中国地质学家普遍接受了太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲导致中国东部中生代强烈的构造-岩浆活动和相应的成矿作用的观点,乃至成为被中外学者普遍认知的理论,至今仍然广泛流传。但是,本文研究认为问题很多。众所周知,岛弧是以玄武岩出露为主,大陆弧则是以安山岩出露最多,而中国东部玄武岩和安山岩极不发育。本文按照大数据研究思路,对日本和安第斯全部新生代岩浆岩的统计研究表明,上述认识基本上是对的:日本弧主要是玄武岩,其次是安山岩;安第斯弧主要是安山岩,其次是玄武岩;而中国东部(以浙闽地区为代表),主要是花岗岩,其次是玄武岩,出现双峰式分布的特征。看来,中国东部与日本和安第斯的构造背景完全不同,中国东部没有俯冲作用的明显证据。其次,岛弧和大陆弧有明显的成分和结构分带,如日本弧,从海沟开始,岩浆活动是从前弧-岛弧-后弧-弧后(frant-arc,arc,rear-arc,back-arc)。安第斯弧不如日本弧明显,从海沟向东到大陆是从弧前杂岩-弧岩浆岩-弧后盆地。中国东部(包括东海大陆架、中国东部沿海)与俯冲有关的结构和成分分带哪里有?我们的研究集中讨论了浙闽地区400km宽度范围内侏罗纪-白垩纪岩浆岩的分布,从年龄到地球化学(Si O2的变化,Mg O、K2O的变化,年龄的变化等等),基本上见不到有从东到西分带的趋势,这种情况如何与板块俯冲作用联系起来呢?岛弧岩浆岩主要来源于亏损的地幔、洋壳、深海沉积物,以及由俯冲带带来的流体,因此,岛弧岩浆岩洋壳的特征非常明显。大陆弧也来自地幔,但是,岩浆穿过大陆壳,会带来明显的陆壳混染的影响,因此安第斯型岩浆岩陆壳的印记比较明显。大陆岩浆岩如果不考虑俯冲带的影响,岩浆岩应当来自高热的软流圈地幔。如果高热的软流圈停滞在岩石圈底部,在那里发生部分熔融,形成的应当是大陆溢流玄武岩,而中酸性岩浆岩非常少;相反,如果高热的软流圈突破岩石圈的阻隔而上升到地壳底部,则会加热下地壳底部使之发生部分熔融,形成的则是大量的酸性花岗岩,而玄武岩和安山岩很少。峨眉山是前面的情况,中国东部则是后面的情况。中国东部岩浆岩究竟与日本、安第斯有何异同点?应当是岩石学家研究的首要命题,建议中国的岩石学家和地球化学家不要仅限于中国东部的研究,而将研究的触角延伸一步,深入细致地研究一下日本和安第斯岩浆岩的情况,再对比中国东部的情况,如此可能会得出新的认识,这样的认识也许才可能有益于解决中国东部岩浆岩形成背景的问题。 相似文献
20.
The Andean orogenic cycle and its subduction-related magmatism along the southwestern margin of South America began during the early Jurassic after an accretionary history throughout Paleozoic times. The Chilean and Argentinian Frontal Andes batholiths, together with the Coastal Batholith, represent most of the pre-Andean orogenic cycle plutonism. However, how late Paleozoic–Triassic magmatism occurred along this margin and its transition to the Andean orogenic cycle still remains unclear. Here we present a geodynamic model using all the available published Lu–Hf and oxygen isotopic data ranging from latitudes 28° to 40°S, together with 5 new Hf–O data and U–Pb zircon ages from the Chilean Frontal Andes. Data indicate that subduction began at least in the latest early Carboniferous and was continuous throughout the late Paleozoic–Triassic period. Isotopic and geochronological results show a continuous magmatic trend, from high δ18O values (continental) to mantle-like signatures, as the rocks get younger. Between latest early Carboniferous and earliest middle Permian, magmas formed in a subduction-related arc during the Gondwanide Orogeny. Later, throughout middle Permian to Triassic, magmatism occurred in a slab rollback extensional setting, triggered by low subducting plate velocities while Pangea was essentially in a static reference mode. There is no evidence for cessation of subduction during the Triassic and its renovation in the early Jurassic as previous work suggested. Therefore, we propose that Andean subduction has been a continuous tectonic process since Paleozoic times, whose initial geodynamic evolution was directly related to the Gondwanide Orogeny as part of the Pangea Assembly. Slab rollback, as well as shallowing and steepening of the subduction angle were among the triggers for the change in the type of magmatism observed among these rocks. 相似文献