共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
杨新岳 《大地构造与成矿学》1993,17(3):271-288
拉卡兰褶皱带中,发育于Ballarat-Bandigo冲断带中的低级变质砂、泥岩的宏观构造以间离劈理和人字形褶皱为特征,而且劈理在褶皱中呈扇形发育。劈理和褶皱的几何关系分析显示:劈理和褶皱的形成为压溶作用、压扁作用、弯曲作用和被动旋转共同作用的结果,而褶皱砂、泥岩中变形构造则以与压溶作用和再沉淀过程有关的显微构造为其典型特征。Fry法进行的全岩应变测量显示,褶皱砂岩的内部应变相当低(X/Z=1.40—1.83),褶皱应变格局给出变形机制的信息包括:缩短过程中的压扁作用和压溶作用、褶皱过程中由弯滑导致的层平行剪应变、以及褶皱后期发育阶段内弧区强烈的压溶作用。宏观构造、显散构造以及应变特征多方面信息证明:低级变质的沉积岩在褶皱变形过程中,压溶作用为一重要的变形机制。应变分解显示在30％—50％的总地壳水平缩短量下,弯曲导致的缩短最为14％—36％,压扁导致的缩短量为3％—14％,压溶导致的缩短量为8％—26％,而且压溶作用主要发生在褶皱内弧区。 相似文献
2.
有限应变测量是韧性变形定量估算的主要手段。Fry法有限应变测量以变形颗粒,如变形砾石、鲕粒、近等轴矿物等为应变标志体,地质实践中较容易获得,是岩石有限应变测量的最普遍手段。其传统测量过程极为繁琐,难以满足大范围应变测量的要求,数据精度也较低,限制了Fry法的应用。前人曾根据Fry法原理设计了计算机程序,但其程序相关编程语言如今已基本不能使用。本研究基于目前地质上较普遍使用的制图软件CorelDRAW平台的VBA编程,设计出一个基于CorelDRAW平台的Fry法应变测量宏程序FRY-1。在新图层上将所有变形颗粒的中心点标出后,运行FRY-1宏程序即可快速得到精确的Fry图解,并计算出相对精确的R值。通过实例与“最邻近心对心法”的测量结果进行的对比,证明该方法简便易操作,并可大幅提高有限应变测量的效率和有效减小误差。 相似文献
3.
米仓山构造带东西向的断裂逆冲兼左旋走滑,西段的韧性变形较强,东段脆性为主。北东向三个主断裂带由北而南逆冲兼左行剪切,早期可能发生脆韧性变形,后期叠加了脆性变形。前震旦系基底岩系变形特征主要表现为透入性流变,碎斑结构和糜棱结构发育,镶嵌构造、S-C组构、带状构造、眼球构造为主,局部偶见"δ"和"σ"旋转碎斑以及矿物鱼。石英颗粒以亚颗粒旋转动态重结晶为主。显微特征反映岩石变形温度相当于绿片岩相。利用Fry法测定石英颗粒三维应变应变强度集中在1.35～1.60之间,显示出从北到南逐渐增强的趋势。Flinn指数K和Nadei-Hossack图解均表明应变类型为近似平面应变的拉长型。运动学涡度分析表明米仓山应变以简单剪切变形作用为主,具有由南向北递增趋势。 相似文献
4.
针对粗粒料的应变软化、剪胀等力学特性,通过考虑以剪切带为标志的应变局部化现象,建立了具有广泛适用性的剪切损伤力学模型。损伤模型采用了包体理论中的剪切带数学简化,基于应变等价原理、Weibull分布,推导了粗粒料的应力-应变关系方程。从剪胀作用的机制出发,提出可以描述剪胀弱化的轴向塑性应变和体积塑性应变的非线性函数关系。结合粗粒料三轴压缩试验中的伺服过程,提出了基于遗传算法的损伤模型参数确定方法。通过开展不同围压下的粗粒料三轴压缩试验,对剪切损伤力学模型进行验证,进一步分析了参数演化对粗粒料强度和变形特征的影响。研究结果表明,考虑应变局部化特征的剪切损伤力学模型可以高精度的模拟粗粒料的应变软化和剪胀等特征,有效揭示剪切带内部变形对试样整体宏观变形的影响机制,模型中剪切带参数和围压的关系与粗粒料细观机制一致,计算得到强度组成与颗粒破碎、重组特征较为吻合。 相似文献
5.
宣汉双石庙地区纵弯褶皱叠加特征及应力场、应变场分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对川东北双石庙地区横跨褶皱特征作了详细论述,对其早晚两期褶皱形成时应变力场特征进行了较深入的讨论,并对岩石有限应变进行了Fry法研究、分析,指出了单个褶曲为平面应变,且核部应变程度大于翼部,复合地区应变程度大于非复合地区等特点。 相似文献
6.
针对我国南方地区高液限红黏土低路堤存在工后沉降变形的问题,采用自主设计可测试低应力条件下岩土体湿化变形的试验装置,研究了不同围压、轴压与围压之比和压实度条件下高液限红黏土竖向湿化应变、侧向湿化应变的变化规律,建立了可以考虑围压、轴压与围压之比、压实度影响的高液限红黏土竖向湿化应变峰值预估模型,并对预估模型进行了验证。研究得到的主要结论为：渗流与应力耦合作用下,高液限红黏土侧向湿化应变与竖向变形均先增大、后趋于稳定,高液限红黏土试样在湿化变形稳定后呈现上部大、下部小的特点;高液限红黏土侧向湿化应变开始响应至达到峰值所需时间、侧向湿化应变峰值、竖向变形量峰值与围压、轴压与围压之比呈正相关;高液限红黏土侧向湿化应变峰值、竖向变形量峰值与压实度呈负相关,侧向湿化应变开始响应至达到峰值所需时间与压实度呈正相关;高液限红黏土侧向湿化应变可以分成由增湿引起的侧向湿化应变和由膨胀性矿物吸水引起的侧向湿化应变两部分;不同因素对高液限红黏土竖向湿化应变峰值的影响程度为：压实度>轴压与围压之比>围压;本研究对高液限红黏土低路堤工后沉降变形预测与控制具有重要的工程意义。 相似文献
7.
利用研制的平面应变模型加载及观测系统,研究了位移控制加载条件下含孔洞土样的破坏过程。孔洞内压及侧压由气囊施加。利用数字图像相关方法,获得应变场。通过布置测线的方式,研究了剪切带内外最大剪切应变及主应变轴偏转角的分布及演变规律。得到了下列结果。随着纵向应变的增加,含孔洞土样的最大剪切应变的分布经历由均匀变形向局部化变形的转化过程。对于剪切带外的测点,随着远离孔洞表面,最大剪切应变有增加的趋势,这与剪切带内损伤导致带外弹性应变降低（卸荷）有关。在孔洞表面附近,最大剪切应变变化复杂,这与应变弹性成分的下降与塑性成分的增加的博弈有关。对于剪切带尖端的测点,其和前后测点相比,水平线应变发生突增（剧烈膨胀）,垂直线应变的值发生突降（挤压程度剧烈降低）,剪切应变的值发生突增（剪切变形剧烈增加）,由此导致主应变轴偏转角的值发生突增,达到30°。当纵向应变相同时,侧压或内压的增加对含孔洞土样的纵向应力有增强作用。 相似文献
8.
层理对页岩力学性质和应变能的积聚和耗散具有重要影响,以不同层理面角度下龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,开展电镜扫描试验和单轴压缩试验,研究起裂、扩容和峰值特征点的应力-应变、弹性模量和泊松比的各向异性特征,分析其页岩变形破坏过程中输入应变能、可释放弹性应变能和耗散应变能的变化规律,揭示输入应变能与层理面角度和抗压强度的关系。结果表明：龙马溪组页岩脆性矿物含量达到72.58%,微观结构各向异性明显;随层理面角度增加,起裂、扩容和峰值特征点的应力和应变都先减少后增大,在 30°时均达到一个最低值,总体上呈现两边高、中间低的U型变化规律;随层理面角度增加,起裂、扩容和峰值特征点的输入应变能、可释放弹性应变能和耗散应变能也先减少后增大,在 30°时均达到一个最低值;各特征点的应力、应变和应变能各向异性敏感性明显,0°≤ ≤30°和30°≤ ≤60°内各向异性的敏感性大于60°≤ ≤90°;起裂应力和扩容应力均与峰值应力呈线性相关,同时峰值应变能与抗压强度存在相应的二次非线性关系,这为页岩气钻井、储层压裂改造和井壁稳定性预测预警提供了根据和参考。 相似文献
9.
纵弯叠加褶皱地区岩石有限应变特征：以川东北地区典型叠加褶皱为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
纵弯叠加褶皱地区岩石有限应变特征是所受历次变形的综合结果.远离叠加区应变型式的伸长方向与褶皱轴向一致而缩短方向与褶皱轴垂直,叠加区应变型式不规则,且应变椭球伸长量和缩短量之差值较小. 相似文献
10.
11.
S. Mazzoli 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1995,84(4):781-793
Analysis of strain in Jurassic argillites forming part of the folded and thrusted sedimentary succession of the Lagonegro basin (southern Italian Apennines) has been carried out using ellipsoid-shaped reduction spots as strain markers. Most of the determined finite strain ellipsoids are of oblate type and show a peculiar distribution of the maximum extension direction (X), with maxima either subparallel or subperpendicular to the local fold axes. Using the strain matrix method, two different deformation histories have been considered to assist the interpretation of the observed finite strain pattern. A first deformation history involved vertical compaction followed by horizontal shortening (occurring by a combination of true tectonic strain and volume loss), whereby all strain is coaxial and there is no change in the intermediate axis of the strain ellipsoid. By this type of deformation sequence, which produces a deformation path where total strain moves from the oblate to the prolate strain field and back to the oblate field, prolate strain ellipsoids can be generated and may be recorded where tectonic deformation has not been large enough to reverse pretectonic compaction. This type of deformation history may be of local importance within the study area (i.e. it may characterize some fold hinge regions) and, more generally, is probably of limited occurrence in deformed pelitic rocks. A second deformation sequence considered the superposition of pre-tectonic compaction and tectonic strain consisting of initial layer-parallel shortening followed by layer-parallel shear (related to flexural folding). Also in this instance, volume change during tectonic deformation and tectonic plane strain have been assumed. For geologically reasonable amounts of volume loss due to compaction and of initial layer-parallel shortening, this type of deformation history is capable of producing a deformation path entirely lying within the oblate strain field, but still characterized by a changeover, during deformation, of the maximum extension axis (X) from a position parallel to the fold axis to one perpendicular to it. This type of deformation sequence may explain the main strain features observed in the study area, where most of the measured finite strain ellipsoids, determined from the limb regions of flexural folds, display an oblate shape, irrespective of the orientation of their maximum extension direction (X) with respect to the local structural trends. More generally, this type of deformation history provides a mechanism to account for the predominance of oblate strains in deformed pelitic rocks. 相似文献
12.
本文研究了四十年代以来确定变形岩石应变椭球体的方法,并结合实例给出一种简明、精度较高的从三个或更多任意截面上的二维应变测量数据,计算三维应变椭球体之主轴大小和方向的算法。 相似文献
13.
岩石的磁性组构及其在岩石变形分析中的应用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
文本总结了对采自巴彦乌拉山韧性剪切带的部分标本进行岩石组构数据测定的分析结果,并将其与用常规应变分析方法所得结果予以比较,表明了岩石磁化率各向异性椭球体能够反映总的应变椭球体,证明岩石磁化率各向异性技术做为一种岩石组构因素的研究是有发展前景的。岩石磁性组构资料可应用于变形岩石的应变分析,特别是在通常的岩石组构分析技术太费时间和粗糙的情况下更显示了其优越性。 相似文献
14.
大陆中部地壳应变局部化与应变弱化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
大陆岩石圈流变学研究是构造地质学学科发展的必然,也是发展板块构造理论、探索大陆板块内部变形与动力学演化的核心问题。大陆中部地壳是大陆岩石圈中一个具有特殊性的圈层,其主要成分以花岗质岩石为代表,位于岩石脆-韧性转变域。在中部地壳层次上,岩石既具有脆性变形特点,又具有韧性变形属性,而且常常表现出多种流变强度。研究成果显示,中部地壳岩石流变具有许多特殊性:1)应变局部化是中部地壳流动最为典型表现形式;2)存在大陆地壳多震层:多震与强震,显示出中部地壳既弱又强的流变学属性;3)液/岩反应强烈,流体相直接影响着岩石的流变性;4)在许多地区存在有地球物理异常体(低速高导体)。大陆中部地壳应变局部化是板块相互作用过程中地壳层次上应变积累与集中的重要表现。在宏观尺度、中小型尺度和微观尺度上都有着重要的构造特点。地壳岩石的应变弱化,是诱发应变局部化的主要机制。多种形式的水致弱化(包括液压致裂、反应弱化、水解弱化等)与结构弱化(包括细粒化、晶格取向、成分分带性等)对于应变局部化具有重要的贡献。大陆地壳岩石流变学、中部地壳弱化与应变局部化研究,是未来岩石圈流变学研究的重要方向。 相似文献
15.
《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(16):1917-1934
Accurate prediction of strength in rocks with distinct bedding planes requires knowledge of the bedding plane orientation relative to the load direction. Thermal softening adds complexity to the problem since it is known to have significant influence on the strength and strain localization properties of rocks. In this paper, we use a recently proposed thermoplastic constitutive model appropriate for rocks exhibiting transverse isotropy in both the elastic and plastic responses to predict their strength and strain localization properties. Recognizing that laboratory‐derived strengths can be influenced by material and geometric inhomogeneities of the rock samples, we consider both stress‐point and boundary‐value problem simulations of rock strength behavior. Both plane strain and 3D loading conditions are considered. Results of the simulations of the strength of a natural Tournemire shale and a synthetic transversely isotropic rock suggest that the mechanical model can reproduce the general U‐shaped variation of rock strength with bedding plane orientation quite well. We show that this variation could depend on many factors, including the stress loading condition (plane strain versus 3D), degree of anisotropy, temperature, shear‐induced dilation versus shear‐induced compaction, specimen imperfections, and boundary restraints. 相似文献
16.
A.M. Bell 《Journal of Structural Geology》1979,1(2):163-167
Strain analysis using deformed objects is already well established. The more sophisticated techniques can resolve tectonic strains and indicate the nature of any pre-tectonic fabric. Methods that analyse in two dimensions can produce problems of incomparability when results from three faces of one sample are combined.A method for factorizing finite, non-coaxial strains is presented which overcomes these problems by analysing in three dimensions. Published data from deformed lapilli tuff from the English Lake District have been used to test the method.Results are as valid as those obtained originally from the data, and the technique enables strain analysis to be extended to areas which give imprecise results using existing methods. 相似文献
17.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1073-1086
Field studies in the Palaeoproterozoïc Daléma basin, Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, reveal that the main tectonic feature comprises alternating large shear zones relatively well-separated by weakly deformed surrounding rock domains. Analysis of the various structures in relation to this major D2 phase of Eburnean deformation indicates partitioning of sinistral transpressive deformation between domains of dominant transcurrent and dominant compressive deformation. Foliation is mostly oblique to subvertical and trending 0–30° N, but locally is subhorizontal in some thrust-motion shear zones. Foliation planes of shear zones contain a superimposed subhorizontal stretching lineation which in places cross-cuts a steeply plunging stretching lineation which is clearly expressed in the metasedimentary rocks of weakly deformed surrounding domains. In the weakly deformed domains, the subhorizontal lineation is absent, whereas the oblique to subvertical lineation is more fully developed. Finite strain analyses of samples from surrounding both weakly deformed and shearing domains, using finite strain ratio and the Fry method, indicate flattened ellipsoid fabrics. However, the orientation of the long axis (X) of the finite strain ellipsoid is horizontal in the shear zones and oblique within the weakly deformed domains. Exceptionally, samples from some thrust zones indicate a finite strain ellipsoid in triaxial constriction fabrics with a subhorizontal long axis (X). In addition, the analysis of the strain orientation starting from semi-ductile and brittle structures indicates that a WNE–ESE (130° N to 110° N) orientation of strain shortening axis occurred during the Eburnean D2 deformation. 相似文献
18.
Schuman Wu 《Tectonophysics》1989,170(3-4):171-182
In a low-temperature environment, the thin-section scale rock-deformation mode is primarily a function of confining pressure and total strain at geological strain rates. A deformation mode diagram is constructed from published experimental data by plotting the deformation mode on a graph of total strain versus the confining pressure. Four deformation modes are shown on the diagram: extensional fracturing, mesoscopic faulting, incipient faulting, and uniform flow. By determining the total strain and the deformation mode of a naturally deformed sample, the confining pressure and hence the depth at which the rock was deformed can be evaluated. The method is applied to normal faults exposed on the gently dipping southeast limb of the Birmingham anticlinorium in the Red Mountain expressway cut in Birmingham, Alabama. Samples of the Ordovician Chickamauga Limestone within and adjacent to the faults contain brittle structures, including mesoscopic faults and veins, and ductile deformation features including calcite twins, intergranular and transgranular pressure solution, and deformed burrows. During compaction, a vertical shortening of about 45 to 80% in shale is indicated by deformed burrows and relative compaction of shale to burrows, about 6% in limestone by stylolites. The normal faults formed after the Ordovician rocks were consolidated because the faults and associated veins truncate the deformed burrows and stylolites, which truncate the calcite cement. A total strain of 2.0% was caused by mesoscopic faults during normal faulting. A later homogenous deformation, indicated by the calcite twins in veins, cement and fossil fragments, has its major principal shortening strain in the dip direction at a low angle (about 22°) to bedding. The strain magnitude is about 2.6%. By locating the observed data on the deformation mode diagram, it is found that the normal faulting characterized by brittle deformation occurred under low confining pressure (< 18 MPa) at shallow depth (< 800 m), and the homogenous horizontal compression characterized by uniform flow occurred under higher confining pressure (at least 60 MPa) at greater depth (> 2.5 km). 相似文献
19.
The estimation of finite strain in rocks is fundamental to a meaningful understanding of deformational processes and products on all scales from microscopic fabric development to regional structural analyses. The Rf/φ and Fry methods on feldspar porphyroclasts and mafic grains from 5 granite, 1 metavolcanic, 3 metasedimentary and 1 granodiorite samples were used in Wadi El Falek region. Finite-strain data shows that a high to moderate range of deformation of the granitic to metavolcano-sedimentary samples and axial ratios in the XZ section range from 1.60 to 4.10 for the Rf/φ method and from 2.80 to 4.90 for the Fry method. Furthermore, the short axes are subvertical associated with a subhorizontal foliation. We conclude that finite strain in the deformed granite rocks is of the same order of magnitude as that from metavolcano-sedimentary rocks. Furthermore, contacts formed during intrusion of plutons with some faults in the Wadi El Falek area under brittle to semi-ductile deformation conditions. In this case, finite strain accumulated during superimposed deformation on the already assembled nappe structure. It indicates that the nappe contacts formed during the accumulation of finite strain. 相似文献