共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 186 毫秒
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岩溶区地下水数值模拟研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
岩溶含水介质的不均一性导致岩溶地下水流动、溶质运移和热量迁移的数学模拟研究成为地下水模拟的难点。本文综述了岩溶区地下水流模拟的几种方法,重点阐述了等效多孔介质法、双重连续介质法和三重介质法的定义、发展过程和适用范围,并回顾了这几种方法的研究成果。从等效多孔介质法到三重介质法,模拟精度不断提高,适用范围也逐渐由大区域实际问题向小区域理论研究过渡。介绍了溶质运移模拟和热迁移模拟的研究方法及实例。溶质运移模拟以对流弥散方程为基础,其中尺度效应是溶质运移模拟的重点研究问题;热量迁移模拟应考虑地下热水密度变化对地下热水运动的影响。溶质运移模拟和热量迁移模拟往往是将迁移模型和已经调试成功的地下水流动模型相耦合,从而达到模拟溶质及热量迁移的目的。由于溶质运移和热量迁移的复杂性,现阶段水流模型多数处于等效多孔介质模型阶段。综合理论及实际应用,指出精确刻画裂隙及管道和注重基础数学算法是岩溶水数值模拟进步的关键。 相似文献
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基于CFP的岩溶管道流溶质运移数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多重岩溶含水介质的复杂性导致岩溶地下水流动及溶质运移的数学模拟成为地下水研究难点之一。为了探讨岩溶多重含水介质中地下水流溶质运移特征,文章构建了管道流CFP水流模型和MT3DMS溶质运移三维耦合数值模型。在阐述管道流CFP和MT3DMS基本原理的基础上,通过建立水文地质概念模型算例（1个落水洞、4个直管道）,探讨岩溶管道水流及溶质运移规律,分析讨论不同水文地质参数对浓度穿透曲线的影响。研究结果表明:管道流CFP模型能够刻画岩溶管道与基岩裂隙水流交换特征,MT3DMS模型能够模拟穿透曲线的拖尾现象,符合实际岩溶区特征。随着水力梯度、管道直径及管道渗透系数增大,孔隙度减小,浓度曲线峰值越大,峰值到达时间越快,浓度穿透曲线越对称。得出结论:耦合CFP水流模型和MT3DMS溶质运移模型能够刻画岩溶管道流溶质运移规律,为研究岩溶复杂介质污染物运移特征提供一种思路和途径。 相似文献
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以安徽省向山垃圾填埋场作为研究区,在分析场区水文地质条件的基础上,运用GMS中的MODF-LOW和MT3 D模块建立地下水流概念模型、数值模型及溶质运移数值模型,并根据取样结果确定污染物因子,模拟正常状况和非正常状况下污染物在地下水环境中的污染路径、污染羽迁移状况和污染物对地下水环境可能造成的影响.研究结果表明:评价区... 相似文献
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地下水数值模拟软件在地下水资源评价中发挥了重要的作用,而GMS是目前国际上最先进的综合性图形界面软件,可进行水流模拟、溶质运移模拟、反应运移模拟等。简述了地下水模拟模型的发展历程、GMS模拟软件各模块的功能,并综述了GMS软件在地下水资源评价方面的应用现状,最后提出了存在的问题及对地下水数值模拟的发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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以某污染厂区为研究对象,通过野外调查并结合已有资料,利用GMS软件建立研究区域地下水流场模型和溶质运移模型,并且详细分析了地下水污染规律。研究结果表明:降雨入渗扩散方式下,污染物在地下水中的迁移速率与污染物的浓度及地下水介质密切相关。在潜水含水层中,污染物主要以垂向运移为主,并且受污染源强影响较大,污染物浓度越高,其垂向运移速率越快,污染物在水平面上的扩散速率受污染源强的影响较小;在承压含水层中,污染物沿水流方向迁移,并且呈现匀速扩散趋势。 相似文献
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`土壤-地下水耦合数值模拟是定量刻画水流和溶质运移的主要手段。现有大范围场地尺度的研究受到数据采集难度及模拟计算量的限制,多是将土壤和地下水分成两个系统,这种方式不利于模型之间的计算反馈,易出现计算误差,因此将土壤和地下水作为整体系统研究具有重要意义。为精确刻画实际场地土壤-地下水系统中污染物迁移规律,揭示变饱和反应溶质迁移模型的参数敏感性,以某铬污染场地为研究对象,基于现场试验及前人研究所获数据,采用Galerkin有限元法建立三维土壤-地下水模型,定量描述六价铬在土壤-地下水中的迁移规律。在此基础上,通过改变补给条件,研究潜水面在土壤-地下水系统中的波动。并讨论阻滞系数和反应常数对溶质运移的影响。结果表明:在土壤中,污染物最大水平迁移距离为场地东南侧300 m;地下水中污染晕最大分布面积约为1.632 km2;垂向上土壤中的六价铬仅需15.6 h即可下渗至潜水面,第6天贯穿含水层。当潜水面随着补给量变化而波动时,地下水中六价铬会随水流进入土壤,影响土壤中污染分布。对溶质运移参数的讨论显示,当反应常数由0增大至10?6 s-1时,迁移出场区边界时地下水中污染物浓度约减少2000 mg/L,较难迁移至涟水河。基于FEFLOW的数值模型,能够解决各系统之间交互性差的问题,提供较为精确的模拟结果。 相似文献
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E. Vetrimurugan M. Senthilkumar L. Elango 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(5):1055-1070
Groundwater modelling is an important management tool to study the behaviour of aquifer system under various hydrological stresses. Present study was carried out in deltaic regions of the Cauvery river, with an objective of estimating the minimum river flow required to improve the groundwater quality by numerical modelling. Cauvery river delta is the most productive agricultural plains of south India, but the agricultural activities during the last few decades have decreased due to limited flow in the river and increasing concentration of solutes in groundwater in the eastern parts. In order to understand the causes for increasing concentration, a three-layered finite-difference flow model was formulated to simulate the groundwater head and solute transport. The model was used to simulate the groundwater flow and solute transport for 5 years from July 2007 to June 2012. There was a fairly good agreement between the computed and observed groundwater heads. The chloride and nitrate ions were considered for solute transport modelling. Observed and simulated temporal variation in chloride and nitrate concentrations were comparable. The simulated solute concentrations from July 2007 to June 2012 showed an accumulation of solutes in groundwater of coastal part of the study area. The model was used to find the flow to be maintained in the river and rainfall recharge required to flush the ions into the sea. This can be achieved by maintaining minimal flow in the river and through regulation of fertilizer use as well as by creating awareness of sustainable use of groundwater in this area. 相似文献
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在地下水的相关研究中,农药和石油等地下水污染、土地盐碱化、海水入侵等诸多实际问题主要的研究方法都涉及地下水溶质迁移模拟. 相比地下水水流模拟的相对完善,对溶质迁移的模拟比较薄弱且迁移过程本身复杂性较高,目前地下水溶质迁移的研究工作还处在全面发展的阶段. 文中阐述了反映地下水溶质迁移机理和过程的数学模型,综述了溶质迁移模拟在地下水污染物防治、土地盐碱化、海水入侵、石油和放射性废物扩散等问题的诸多应用,归类了目前溶质迁移模拟所使用的对流迁移、对流-弥散模拟等主要数值方法,并对这些方法的优缺点和应用实例做了总结. 最后,分析了目前溶质迁移模拟中存在的不足,展望了未来在参数确定、裂隙介质运移机理和多相介质条件下运移模拟可能取得的突破. 相似文献
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Sensitivity Analysis of a Combined Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport Model Using Local-Grid Refinement: A Case Study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Combining groundwater flow models with solute transport models represents a common challenge in groundwater resources assessments and contaminant transport modeling. Groundwater flow models are usually constructed at somewhat larger scales (involving a coarser discretization) to include natural boundary conditions. They are commonly calibrated using observed groundwater levels and flows (if available). The groundwater solute transport models may be constructed at a smaller scale with finer discretization than the flow models in order to accurately delineate the solute source and the modeled target, to capture any heterogeneity that may affect contaminant migration, and to minimize numerical dispersion while still maintaining a reasonable computing time. The solution that is explored here is based on defining a finer grid subdomain within a larger coarser domain. The local-grid refinement (LGR) implemented in the Modular 3D finite-difference ground-water flow model (MODFLOW) code has such a provision to simulate groundwater flow in two nested grids: a higher-resolution sub-grid within a coarse grid. Under the premise that the interface between both models was well defined, a comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analysis was performed whereby the effect of a parameter perturbation in a coarser-grid model on transport predictions using a higher-resolution grid was quantified. This approach was tested for a groundwater flow and solute transport analysis in support of a safety evaluation of the future Belgian near-surface radioactive waste disposal facility. Our reference coarse-grid groundwater flow model was coupled with a smaller fine sub-grid model in two different ways. While the reference flow model was calibrated using observed groundwater levels at a scale commensurate with that of the coarse-grid model, the fine sub-grid model was used to run a solute transport simulation quantifying concentrations in a hypothetical well nearby the disposal facility. When LGR coupling was compared to a one-way coupling, LGR was found to provide a smoother flow solution resulting in a more CPU-efficient transport solution. Parameter sensitivities performed with the groundwater flow model resulted in sensitivities at the head observation locations. These sensitivities identified the recharge as the most sensitive parameter, with the hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer as the second most sensitive parameter in regard to calculated groundwater heads. Based on one-percent sensitivity maps, the spatial distribution of the observations with the highest sensitivities is slightly different for the upper aquifer hydraulic conductivity than for recharge. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to assess the prediction scaled sensitivities for hypothetical contaminant concentrations using the combined groundwater flow and solute transport models. Including all pertinent parameters into the sensitivity analysis identified the hydraulic conductivity of the upper aquifer as the most sensitive parameter with regard to the prediction of contaminant concentrations. 相似文献
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解决潜水蒸发问题的阿维里扬诺夫经验公式在地下水数值模型中的应用——以格尔木河流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数值模型对地下水流和溶质运移等问题进行模拟的方法以其有效性、灵活性和相对廉价性逐渐成为地下水研究领域的一种不可缺少的重要方法。在地下水浅埋区,蒸发是地下水的主要排泄方式之一,而地下水埋深是影响蒸发度的敏感因子,因此,数值模型中对地下水埋深的拟合精度,将直接影响地下水数值模拟模型的精度。本文以格尔木河流域为例,通过阿维里扬诺夫经验公式的线性与非线性模型的计算结果对比,来说明如何利用蒸发的数学模型提高模拟精度。 相似文献
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裂隙岩体中非饱和渗流与运移的概念模型及数值模拟 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
探讨了裂隙岩体中非饱和地下水渗流与溶质运移的几种概念模型的构造及数值模拟问题 ,如裂隙网络模型、连续体模型、等效连续体模型、双孔隙度 (单渗透率 )模型、双渗透率模型、多组份连续体模型等。在裂隙岩体中 ,非饱和地下水的渗流可能只局限于岩体中的岩石组份、或裂隙网络 ,也可能在裂隙和岩石中同时发生 ;对前一种情形只需考虑单一连续体中的流动 ,而后一种情况则需要包括地下水在岩石和裂隙之间的交换。岩体中的裂隙网络往往是溶质运移的主要通道 ;但当溶质在裂隙与岩石之间的渗透和扩散是重要的运移机制时 ,就需要考虑岩石与裂隙界面处的溶质交换。为了模拟岩石与裂隙之间地下水和溶质的交换 ,就需要了解岩石与裂隙之间相互作用的模式和范围 ,使得这类问题的概念模型较单一连续体模型多了一层不确定性、其数值模拟也变得更为困难。因为在实际问题中不易、甚至根本不能判别非饱和渗流的实际形态 ,具体采用哪种模型主要取决于分析的目的和对现场数据的掌握程度。不论哪种模型都会受到模型及参数不确定性的影响 ,因此必须考虑与其他辅助模型的比较. 相似文献
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地下饮用水水源保护区划分三维渗流与溶质运移耦合数值模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对《饮用水水源保护区划分技术规范（HJ/T338-2007）》要求,以河北省邯郸市羊角铺岩溶地下饮用水水源保护区划分为例,通过对其水文地质特征的概化,建立了相应的水文地质概念模型;在此基础上,构建了与此相适应的地下水渗流与溶质运移三维耦合数值模型,并通过对羊角铺地下饮用水水源周围溶质运移规律的模拟预测,划分出羊角铺地下饮用水水源的一级保护区和二级保护区。 相似文献
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The Simpevarp area is one of the alternative sites being considered for the deep geological disposal of high level radioactive waste in Sweden. In this paper, a coupled regional groundwater flow and reactive solute transport model of the Simpevarp area is presented that integrates current hydrogeological and hydrochemical data of the area. The model simulates the current hydrochemical pattern of the groundwater system in the area. To that aim, a conceptual hydrochemical model was developed in order to represent the dominant chemical processes. Groundwater flow conditions were reproduced by taking into account fluid-density-dependent groundwater flow and regional hydrogeologic boundary conditions. Reactive solute transport calculations were performed on the basis of the velocity field so obtained. The model was calibrated and sensitivity analyses were carried out in order to investigate the effects of heterogeneities of hydraulic conductivity in the subsurface medium. Results provided by the reactive transport model are in good agreement with much of the measured hydrochemical data. This paper emphasizes the appropriateness of the use of reactive solute transport models when water-rock interaction reactions are involved, and demonstrates what powerful tools they are for the interpretation of hydrogeological and hydrochemical data from site geological repository characterization programs, by providing a qualitative framework for data analysis and testing of conceptual assumptions in a process-oriented approach. 相似文献