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Nina Morgan 《Geology Today》2016,32(4):154-159
Cemeteries and graveyards not only serve as a peaceful place to commemorate the dead. For geologists—whether amateur, student or professional—almost any urban cemetery provides a valuable opportunity to carry out scientific field work at leisure, right on the doorstep, and at no cost. Cemeteries offer an excellent opportunity to examine and study a wide range of stone types in a small space. They also serve as a useful field area for studying rock weathering. 相似文献
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The formation of a geological society in Jamaica was dependent upon attaining a sufficient number of interested geologists on the island. Although the earliest study of Jamaican geology dated to the 1820s (De la Beche), few major geologists worked on the island in the 19th (Barrett, Sawkins, Hill) and early 20th centuries (Matley, Trechmann). A ‘critical mass’ of geologists was only attained in the 1950s after foundation of the third Geological Survey of the island, when, for the first time, the island had a resident geological intelligentsia. The director, V.A. Zans (1904–1961), was a Latvian geologist appointed from a camp for displaced persons. His staff included L.J. Chubb (1887–1971), who popularised geology in Jamaica. Chubb and his colleagues devised a three part plan for geological education in Jamaica: high schools were encouraged to introduce geology as an examination subject; introduction of geology as a part of the Natural Sciences curriculum at the University College of the West Indies was supported; and a local geological society for both amateurs and professionals was established. This society, the Jamaica Group of the Geologists’ Association, was established in 1955 and was the only such overseas group ever founded; Chubb was elected President. The first field trip was led by Zans and A.D. Foster in November 1955. The Group was reformed as the independent Geological Society of Jamaica (GSJ) in late 1959, again with Chubb as the first President. The GSJ remembers the name of its first President in the prestigious L.J. Chubb Award. 相似文献
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我国地质学基础研究人才战略 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于地球系统科学对地质学基础研究人才的需求, 对我国40余所高校、8个中国科学院研究所的地质学人才存量、结构、培养状况和147名国家杰出青年科学基金获得者、407名青年基金项目负责人进行了问卷调查.调查发现全国现有4418人从事地质学基础研究工作, 年龄峰值为41~45岁, 人数随年龄降低而大幅度减少; 地质类博士毕业生占全国当年博士毕业总人数的比例从1993年的8.76%下降到2003年的4.7%.研究结果表明, 我国现有青年地质学人才数量呈急剧下降趋势, 未来5~10年地质学基础研究人才远不能适应地球系统科学发展、国民经济建设和人类社会进步的需要.为了加强地质学基础研究人才队伍建设和规划, 实现从地学大国走向地学强国的战略目标, 提出了设立“国家自然科学育才基金”、创新地质学青年拔尖人才培育模式和改善人文环境等措施. 相似文献
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流体是地球各圈层之间相互作用的纽带,在成岩、成矿过程中起着十分重要的作用。目前,流体的研究主要集中在流体对先存矿物岩石进行的交代作用方面,而对流体直接结晶形成的矿物领域研究较少。文中根据作者近几年的研究成果对从流体直接结晶而成的矿物——流体晶以及流体晶矿物组合、流体岩等的定义、特征进行了归纳总结。最新的研究结果显示：岩浆中可以含有大量的流体,这些流体来源既可以是岩浆演化富集、岩浆与围岩相互作用产生,亦可以是外部来源。因此,流体晶矿物、流体岩在自然界应该是普遍存在的。流体晶矿物的提出将深化人们对地质过程的理解,发展岩石学及矿床学的研究新领域,有利于矿床勘探和成矿预测。 相似文献
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中国造山带研究的回顾和展望 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文简要回顾了20世纪50年代以来中国地质学家在研究显生宙陆（板）缘造山带或古大陆边缘造山带中所取得的进展：多数巨型造山系经历了多阶段古洋盆形成和消亡，陆块碰撞演化历史；离散大陆边缘多样性；洋盆产出环境和消减 迁移多样性。近20年来我国学者加强了造山带三维变形运动学研究，提出了多层次滑脱叠置构造，剖面上、平面上的楔入构造等重要新认识。最后指出中国大陆造山带今后研究热点和展望。 相似文献
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Tom S. White Mark J. White Andy J. Howard 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2009,120(4):223-232
A brief history is presented here of the activities of the three most notable collectors of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts from Quaternary river terrace deposits in the Trent Valley, derived from archival material that has been largely ignored by previous research. Two, Mr. Fred W.G. Davey and Mr. George F. Turton, were local amateur collectors who did not publish the results of their work themselves and were reliant on collaboration with established archaeologists. The third, Mr. A. Leslie Armstrong, was an archaeologist best known for his work at Creswell Crags and Grimes Graves. Armstrong also made many Palaeolithic discoveries in the Trent Valley but published few details of his own material. Although such details of early Palaeolithic research in the Midlands and North of Britain are predominantly of historical interest only, they nonetheless provide a number of insights into the apparent lack of interest shown in areas north of the ‘Severn-Wash Line’ by collectors of Palaeolithic artefacts. Importantly, the dataset assembled by the Trent Valley Palaeolithic Project (TVPP) and summarized here is the only complete record of the known artefacts and archival material from the Trent, a proportion of which is now unavailable to the research community, having entered unknown private ownership since being studied. The second part of the paper relates this early research to current knowledge of the British Palaeolithic at its most northern fringes and to recent developments in reconstructing the Quaternary evolution of the River Trent. 相似文献
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Tsunami hazard assessment begins with a compilation of past events that have affected a specific location. Given the inherent limitations of historical archives, the geological record has the potential to provide an independent dataset useful for establishing a richer, chronologically deeper time series of past events. Recent geological studies of tsunami are helping to improve our understanding of the nature and character of tsunami sediments. Wherever possible, geologists should be working to improve the research ‘tool kit’ available to identify past tsunami events. Marine foraminifera (single celled heterotrophic protists) have often been reported as present within tsunami-deposited sediments but in reality, little information about environmental conditions, and by analogy, the tsunami that deposited them, has been reported even though foraminifera have an enormous capacity to provide meaningful palaeo-environmental data. Here, we review what foraminifera are, describe their basic form and significance, summarise where they have been reported in tsunami sediments and identify what can be learnt from them. We review the gaps in our understanding and make recommendations to assist researchers who examine foraminiferal assemblages in order to enhance their use within tsunami geology. 相似文献
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矿床地质学的发展前景和思维方法 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
矿床地质学正面临着为社会提供充足的能源和资源的严重挑战。新时期的矿床学将朝着整体化和综合化的方向发展,将研究和发现多种新型的矿产资源和新的矿床类型,以满足日益增长的人类物质文明和精神文明的需要。本文提出广义的矿产资源的概念;主张根据矿床地质学的特点,改善矿床学研究的思维方法,主要是：①坚持实践第一,尤其是野外实践;②建立系统观念;③加强成矿历史分析;④提高经济意识,研究矿业经济趋势;⑤发展创造思维,以期取得成矿理论的突破进展,建立新的矿产资源地质学知识体系。 相似文献
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关于创建中国造山带理论的思考 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
文中在分析过去半个世纪中国造山带研究中存在的若干重要思路问题的基础上,围绕如何创建符合中国地质实际的造山带理论这一命题展开了讨论。笔者首先认为,随着新理论、新方法和高科技手段应用于造山带研究,构造地质学家们发掘出了越来越多的新的地质现象。合理和完善地解释这些新现象的存在,应从充实和丰富对"活动论"内涵的理解着手,使我们的地球观更加符合辩证唯物的认识论,这是中国构造地质学家们不能回避的首当其冲的问题。其次,笔者基于对国内外研究现状的了解,提出必须给予造山带的一种新类型──板内造山带极大的关注,要加强造山带构造格局和不同期次构造端分的研究。阐明造山带表层构造与深部构造之间的关系,对造山过程的全方位研究及其动力来源的进一步探索以及在造山带研究中对区域尺度的构造变形特征的查明将起到关键作用。还要加强造山带的野外实验室建设。在今后的研究中选择这些问题作为造山带研究的突破口,中国的构造地质学研究则有望在不长的时间内取得飞速的进展。中国能否在较短的时间内创立造山带新理论,能否正确对待上述问题将起到决定性作用。 相似文献
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陆内碰撞体制流体作用及成矿作用研究的意义和现状 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
陆内碰撞作用和流体作用都是８０年代以来的研究前沿，它们的研究必然会大大促进成矿作用研究的发展，也是跟踪和超越世界地球科学先进水平的重要途径。中国拥有最多最复杂的陆内碰撞带，为中国学者开发有关研究并取得高水平成果提供了得天独厚的条件。对陆内碰撞、流体作用和成矿作用研究现状的分析表明，三者之间研究的相互结合是薄弱环节，限制了有关问题的深入，但为我国学者开发该方向的研究，取得领先于国家水平的成果，提供了 相似文献
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This paper aims to refine earlier research on the geographies of Islamic financial services (IFS) through a study of how cities are being connected through interlocking directorates in Shari’a advisory boards of IFS firms. The relevance of this analysis is discussed against the backdrop of recent critiques of mainstream ‘world cities’ research because of structuralist and universalizing tendencies. By applying a network concept to the relationalities of world cities within financial circuits, we explore the nested city/firm/actor structure behind Shari’a board membership, and reassess the connectivity of cities in the IFS network in terms of the role and spatialities of interlocking Shari’a boards. The results show that Gulf cities, most notably Manama, Dubai and Kuwait City are particularly well-connected, while also mainstay financial centres outside the Middle East, such as London and New York are networked by interlocking board memberships of a global Shari’a elite. The dominant position of Manama is traced back to its role as a standard-setting city for Shari’a-compliant investments, which materializes through the enacted presence of an array of highly interlocked regulatory bodies and mediating elites. 相似文献
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21世纪工程地质学生长点：土体微结构力学 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
本文认为土体结构对其工程性质有重要制约作用,土的结构性模型的建立已成为当代土力学前沿性课题。提出的“微结构力学”理论与方法体系的建立,将为土体工程地质研究开辟崭新的研究领域和工作空间。文中,作者对“微结构力学”的概念及其研究内容、近期和远期研究课题进行了分析,并提供了开展本项研究工作的技术路线建议。 相似文献
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It has been over a hundred years since the birth of research on Chinese geosciences history, which was accompanied by the continuous progress of Chinese geosciences. For hundreds of years, it has grown out of nothing to brilliant performance by several generations of Chinese geologists committing their hearts and minds with the spirit of exert and strive without stop to promote the process of China's industrialization and to produce the significant impact on serving the society. The study of Chinese geosciences history reflects objectively and historically the history of geosciences in China, which has recorded, analyzed and evaluated the dynamic process sitting in the background and clue of the history of Chinese geosciences development. The study of the history of geological science has roughly experienced two stages in China. The first stage is the study of individual researchers. It spanned approximately 70 years from the early 20th century to the end of the 1970s. The research contents were mainly based on the evolution of geological organizations, the development and utilization of individual mineral species, the history of deposit discovery and the research of geological characters. The main representatives are Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang, Weng Wenhao and Li Siguang, Ye Liangfu, Huang Jiqing, Yang Zhongjian, Xie Jiarong, Gao Zhenxi, Wang Bingzhang and etc. The most prominent feature of this period is the accumulation of a very valuable document for the study of the history of China's geological history and lays a foundation for the exchange of geological science between China and foreign countries. The second stage is organized group study. It took around 60 years from the 1920s to 1980s. It includes the history of Chinese geology, the history of geological organizations, the history of geological disciplines, the history of geological education, the history of geological philosophy, the history of Chinese and foreign geological science communication, the history of geologists and etc. The most chief feature of this stage is the birth of academic research institute―the establishment of the Commission on the History of Geology of the Geological Society of China. 相似文献
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Chris King 《Geology Today》2020,36(3):96-100
The spread of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic has had a major effect on the way that geologists carry out their work—and particularly those engaged in educating the next generation of geologists. There are a number of resources available, and some, focussed on fostering interest in budding geologists, are presented here. 相似文献
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辽南丹东地区中生代金成矿的FIP的证据 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
辽南丹东地区产出有五龙、四道沟两个大型金矿床,两矿床与中生代燕山期三股流花岗岩体存在密切的空间华生关系。长期以来,对这一地区金的成矿作用时代存在有不同的认识,一种观点认为金的成矿作用只有一期,即中徨代（燕山期）;另一种观战认为金的成矿作用有两期,即元古代和中生代（燕山期）分别以四道沟金矿和五龙金矿为代表,作者利用流体包裹体面（ＦＩＰ）研究的新方法对金矿床及伴生花岗岩进行了研究。结果表明,三股流花岗 相似文献
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Geological research on the Mediterranean region is presently characterized by the transition from disciplinary to multidisciplinary research, as well as from national to international investigations. In order to synthesize and integrate the vast disciplinary and national datasets which are available, it is necessary to implement maximum interaction among geoscientists of different backgrounds. The creation of project-oriented task forces in universities and other research institutions, as well as the development of large international cooperation programs, is instrumental in pursuing such a multidisciplinary and supranational approach. The TRANSMED Atlas, an official publication of the 32nd International Geological Congress (Florence 2004), is the result of an international scientific cooperation program which brought together for over two years sixtythree structural geologists, geophysicists, marine geologists, petrologists, sedimentologists, stratigraphers, paleogeographers, and petroleum geologists coming from eighteen countries, and working for the petroleum industry, academia, and other institutions, both public and private. The TRANSMED Atlas provides an updated, synthetic, and coherent portrayal of the overall geological-geophysical structure of the Mediterranean domain and the surrounding areas. The initial stimulus for the Atlas came from the realization of the extremely heterogeneous nature of the existing geological-geophysical data about such domain. These data have been gathered by universities, oil companies, geological surveys and other institutions in several countries, often using different procedures and standards. In addition, much of these data are written in languages and published in outlets that are not readily accessible to the general international reader. By synthesizing and integrating a wealth of preexisting and new data derived from surficial geology, seismic sections at various scales, and mantle tomographies, the TRANSMED Atlas provides for the first time a coherent geological overview of the Mediterranean region and represents an ideal springboard for future studies. 相似文献
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滑坡降雨试验是降雨型滑坡形成机理研究的重要方法之一。20世纪90年代以来,我国的工程地质学家对降雨型滑坡的关注与研究日益深入,更加注重通过试验的方法研究降雨型滑坡。本文对我国的降雨型滑坡的研究现状与发展趋势进行了评述。 相似文献