共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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利用Pettitt非参数检验法和Mann-Kendall非参数趋势检验法,分析年最大洪峰流量序列的非一致性,确定序列的变异形式,采用“分解-合成”理论对其进行一致性修正,得到过去、现状两种条件下年最大洪峰流量序列,根据贝叶斯理论对序列一致性修正前后参数不确定性进行估计,并对其预报区间优良性进行评价。研究结果表明：年最大洪峰流量序列变异点发生在1993年,序列整体上升趋势不显著,在1957-1993年子序列呈显著下降趋势,而1994-2006年子序列变化趋势不显著,跳跃变异为序列主要变异形式;给出了实测、还原及还现序列参数后验分布估计值及95%置信区间,将其结合优化适线法进行P-Ⅲ型频率分析,得到修正前后设计频率年最大洪峰流量预报区间估计值;还原、还现序列与实测序列相比,预报区间覆盖率均提高24%,平均带宽分别减少39.59%、23.17%,平均偏移幅度分别减少28.45%、11.39%。通过对非一致性年最大洪峰流量序列还原/还现计算,可减小参数估计不确定性对其计算产生的影响,从而提高预报区间的可靠性。 相似文献
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变化环境下水文序列常表现出非一致性,导致基于独立同分布假设的频率分析方法受到严峻挑战,故亟需研究适用于非一致性水文序列的频率分析方法。针对具有趋势变异的水文序列,提出了一种考虑局部趋势的非一致性水文频率分析方法:以具有局部与整体趋势识别能力的滑动窗口趋势分析法诊断序列;构造时变概率分布模型组,采用融合了贝叶斯理论的广义极大似然法估计模型参数;优选模型并按照等可靠度原则推求设计值及置信区间。应用该方法对甘肃石羊河流域红崖山水库站年径流量序列开展了实例研究,结果表明从设计值及95%置信区间角度看,所提方法与现行的一致性频率分析方法及考虑整体趋势的时变分布方法相比存在一定的差异,揭示了在准确识别序列局部或整体趋势成分的基础上,开展非一致性水文频率分析有助于合理估计设计值。 相似文献
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依据乌鲁木齐河实测洪水资料分析可知,当发生相同频率的洪水时,其时段洪量出现的几率并不与洪峰流量频率同步,将洪峰流量与时段洪量排序后,发现时段洪量的序号同洪峰序号有较大差异。但时段洪量频率分布应与洪峰流量频率分布有一定的相关性,在规划、设计、防洪调度等工作中,注重同频率设计洪水相关性和差异,并在宏观上开展对洪水的研究。 相似文献
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由于受人类活动和气候变化的影响,水文序列失去了一致性。为了适应变化环境对灌溉、供水工程设计的要求,提出了基于典型解集模型的非一致性年径流过程设计方法:首先,采用水文变异诊断系统对径流序列进行年际和年内分配情势变异分析;其次,根据年际变异和年内分配情势变异的时间点,将径流序列分段;再次,基于径流年际变异诊断结果,采用变化环境下非一致性水文频率计算方法计算年径流变异前后过去、现状或未来水平年不同保证率下的设计年径流值;最后,基于径流年内分配变异诊断结果,在径流年内分配变异前后利用典型解集模型进行年径流过程设计。以东江河源站为例,进行了非一致性年径流过程设计,并与未考虑"非一致性"影响的年径流过程设计结果进行比较,发现河源站设计年径流过程受"非一致性"影响显著。 相似文献
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以月平均流量和月最大洪峰流量的相关关系为基础,建立了洪水频率评价模型,并用非参数方法估计各级流量的条件概率.利用月水量平衡模型求得未来不同气候变化情况下的月均流量过程,并探讨气候变化对洪峰流量及洪水频率的影响.东江和汉江部分流域的应用结果表明,降水变化对洪水频率和洪峰流量的影响要比气温变化对其的影响敏感得多,气温升高2℃,降水增加10%～20%,2年一遇的洪水频率要相应增加19.1%～47.4%;20年一遇的洪峰流量要增加10.2%～24.1%. 相似文献
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随着城乡经济建设飞速发展,洪水出现的频率及其造成的损失也不断的增加。快速、准确、科学地分析洪水特性,对于发挥防洪工程效益,兴利除害具有十分重要的意义,本文以喀拉果勒洪沟流域为研究对象,针对拟建引水渠首断面进行洪水计算,通过对洪水成因类型、历史重现期分别进行分析,采用调查洪水校正法、推理公式法和洪峰流量模比系数综合频率法三种常用方法进行渠道设计洪水推求,并对计算成果合理性进行对比分析,认为洪峰流量模比系数综合频率法最为合适,最终选择最大洪峰流量设计成果的参数Kp。研究成果可为工程建设提供安全经济可靠的设计方案。 相似文献
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为改善频率曲线高尾部对实测洪水大值段的拟合效果,提高大重现期洪水设计值精度,研究LQmoments(LQM)法在洪水频率分布参数估计中的应用。LQM法是L-moments(LM)法的扩展方法,具有较好的不偏性和稳健性。以6个年最大洪峰流量系列为例,进行P-Ⅲ分布和GEV分布LQM法的参数估计,以累积相对偏差平方和（δ）、RMSE和平均绝对误差（MAE）为标准,评价和比较LQM法和LM法对P-Ⅲ和GEV分布参数的估计精度和拟合效果。结果表明,P-Ⅲ分布LQM法取得了很好的拟合效果,6个洪峰流量系列中,5个系列的最优参数估计方法为LQM法,其中3个系列的最优分布为P-Ⅲ分布;与LM法相比,LQM法能更好地拟合洪水序列大值部分,提高大重现期设计值估计精度,是洪水频率分布参数估计的有效方法。 相似文献
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新疆叶尔羌河冰川湖突发洪水对气候变化的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1961—2008年的气象-水文资料,探讨了气候变化与叶尔羌河流域冰川湖突发洪水的关系.采用非参数Wilcoxon统计检验和Kendall的τ关联检验分析温度、降水变化与洪峰流量量变化的关联性和一致性;用Mann-Kendall法对气温、降水和洪峰流量4000 m3.s-1突发性洪水的0℃层高度进行突变检验和趋势分析.结果表明:流域气温在1995年发生突变,且对冰川湖突发洪水发生起主导作用;降水突变不明显,对冰川湖突发洪水发生只起促进作用.自1880年以来,冰川湖突发洪水发生频率增加,与流域气温变化一致.1994年以来气温呈直线上升,洪水频率也呈显著增加趋势;冰川湖突发洪水发生频率与降水变化关系不明显;突发性洪水发生与其前8 d的0℃层高度显著上升密切相关. 相似文献
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Flood frequency analysis based on simulated peak discharges 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Flood frequency approaches vary from statistical methods, directly applied on the observed annual maximum flood series, to adopting rainfall–runoff simulation models that transform design rainfalls to flood discharges. Reliance on statistical flood frequency analysis depends on several factors such as the selected probability distribution function, estimation of the function parameters, possible outliers, and length of the observed flood series. Through adopting the simulation approach in this paper, watershed-average rainfalls of various occurrence probabilities were transformed into the corresponding peak discharges using a calibrated hydrological model. A Monte Carlo scheme was employed to consider the uncertainties involved in rainfall spatial patterns and antecedent soil moisture condition (AMC). For any given rainfall depth, realizations of rainfall spatial distribution and AMC conditions were entered as inputs to the model. Then, floods of different return periods were simulated by transforming rainfall to runoff. The approach was applied to Tangrah watershed in northeastern Iran. It was deduced that the spatial rainfall distribution and the AMCs exerted a varying influence on the peak discharge of different return periods. Comparing the results of the simulation approach with those of the statistical frequency analysis revealed that, for a given return period, flood quantiles based on the observed series were greater than the corresponding simulated discharges. It is also worthy to note that existence of outliers and the selection of the statistical distribution function has a major effect in increasing the differences between the results of the two approaches. 相似文献
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Nibedita Guru Ramakar Jha 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2016,10(2):135-145
Flood frequency analysis is a pre-requisite for setting up and safeguarding of many hydraulic structures, such as dams, barrages, check-dams, culverts and urban drainage systems. In the flood frequency analysis, partial duration series (PDS) may be considered when dealing with values exceeding certain limits causing floods. In fact, the PDS is capable of getting more information about extreme events than the annual maximum series (AMS). Additionally, an assumption that, the magnitude of the extreme events of a PDS is best described by a generalized Pareto (GP) distribution. The present work investigates the at-site flood frequency analysis to find the average number of peaks (λ) for modelling the PDS on the basis of the PDS/GP assumption and variability in the GP parameters coupled with the quantile estimation with an increase in the value of average number of peaks (λ) each year in the Mahanadi river system, Odisha, India. Also, to verify the PDS/GP assumption we tested seven different frequency distributions (Exponential, Gumbel, logistics, generalized extreme value (GEV), Lognormal (LN), generalized logistics (GL) and Pearson Type 3). Extensive daily discharge data collected from 23 gauging sites were used for the analysis. The results indicate precision and stability of GP distribution parameters for λ?=?4 for almost all the discharge sites. The peak flood estimated for various return periods in the Mahanadi river system using GP distribution is endowed with high correlation statistics for this λ value. 相似文献
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广义极值分布频率曲线,也可采用均值、变差系数和偏态系数等三个统计参数来进行计算。通过建立离均系数表,可以方便地进行频率分析计算。现以澧水某站年最大流量系列为例,采用广义极值分布的适线法进行频率分析计算,成果表明广义极值分布具有一定适应性。 相似文献
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Several small reservoirs and a large number of check dams had been constructed in the Wangkuai reservoir watershed after 1970s, and flood time series lacked stationarity, which affected the original design flood hydrographs for the Wangkuai reservoir. Since the location, storage capacity and drainage area of the large number of check dams were unknown, we present a method to estimate their total storage capacities (TSC) and total drainage areas (TDA) by using the recorded rainstorm and flood data. On the basis of TSC and TDA, the flood events which occurred in an undisturbed period were reconstructed under current conditions to obtain a stationary flood series. A frequency analysis was subsequently performed to assess the design flood peak and volume for both small and medium design floods with a 10–200 year return period. For large and catastrophic floods, it was assumed that the upstream check dams and small reservoirs would be destroyed, and water stored in these hydraulic structures were re-routed to the Wangkuai reservoir by unit hydrograph. The modified flood peak and volume decreased for floods with a 10–200 year return period when compared to the current design flood. But for large design floods with a return period exceeding 500 years, peak discharge increased. This study provides a new method for design flood calculation or modification of the original design flood in watersheds with a large number of check dams. 相似文献
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依据北江(珠江流域支流)流域6个水文测站年最大洪峰流量资料,分别用Top-kriging(拓扑克里格法)和普通克里格法进行区域洪水频率估计。采用均方根误差作为频率分布线型拟合优度指标。运用线性矩法进行单站洪水频率分析,确定10、50、100、1000年一遇设计洪水值。在此基础上,从Topkriging和普通克里格法设计洪水估计不确定性和相对线性矩法单站洪水频率的估计误差两个方面比较Top-kriging和普通克里格法。结果表明:(1)Top-kriging法是更好的线性无偏估计,相比普通克里格法更适合于区域洪水频率估计;(2)Top-kriging法设计洪水估计不确定性明显小于普通克里格法;(3)Top-kriging法设计洪水估计结果更接近线性矩法单站洪水频率分析结果。 相似文献
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现行分期设计洪水模式估算的分期设计洪水值均小于或等于年最大设计值,达不到规定的防洪标准。采用Gumbel-Hougaard Copula函数描述两个分期的分期最大洪水之间的相关性结构,并构造边缘分布为P-Ⅲ分布的分期最大洪水联合分布,建立分期最大洪水与年最大洪水的关系式,讨论分期设计洪水频率与防洪标准应满足的关系,探讨能够满足防洪标准的新的分期设计洪水模式。应用示例表明,新模式主汛期设计值相对年最大设计值小幅度增加,而非主汛期设计值则小于年最大设计值,既满足不降低防洪标准的要求又能够起到优化设计洪水的作用,为分期设计洪水研究提供了一条新的思路。 相似文献