共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The nonhydrostatic pressure effects on the generation and propagation of wind-forced internal waves are studied with a two-dimensional
numerical ocean model. A one-way directed wind pulse over a stratified ocean initiates surface and internal waves in a closed
basin. The studies are performed with horizontal grid sizes in the range from 1 km to 62.5 m. The experiments are performed
with both a hydrostatic and a nonhydrostatic model, facilitating systematic studies of the sensitivity of the numerical model
results to the grid size and to the nonhydrostatic pressure adjustments. The results show that the nonhydrostatic pressure
effects are highly dependent on the grid size and grow with increased resolution. In the internal depression wave, the horizontal
nonhydrostatic pressure gradients reach the same order of magnitude as the hydrostatic gradients in the high-resolution nonhydrostatic
studies. In these studies, the nonhydrostatic pressure gradients approximately balance the corresponding hydrostatic pressure
gradients in the internal depression wave, and the wave degenerates into a train of soliton waves. The time for the soliton
form to develop agrees with the steepening timescale calculated from Korteweg-de Vries theory. In the high-resolution hydrostatic
model, the internal depression wave takes the form of a single wave front. When the internal waves are generated in the boundary
layers, the nonhydrostatic pressure gradients are much smaller than the hydrostatic gradients and the generation processes
are not effected by the nonhydrostatic pressure with the present range of grid sizes. 相似文献
2.
Numerical modeling with application to tracking marine debris 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Potemra JT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,65(1-3):42-50
This paper describes different numerical models of ocean circulation the output of which can be applied to study patterns and pathways of drifting marine debris. The paper focuses on model output that is readily available rather than on numerical models that could be configured and run locally. These include operational models from the US Navy (the Navy Layered Ocean Model (NLOM), Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)), data assimilating reanalysis models (the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) models), and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ocean reanalysis (Ocean Reanalysis System, ECMWF/ORA-S3). The paper describes the underlying physics in each model system, limitations, and where to obtain the model output. 相似文献
3.
稳定性问题是地震波数值模拟的一个重要问题.基于地震波传播理论,从黏弹介质本构方程出发,对矩形网格下不同黏弹模型波动方程有限差分解的稳定性进行了理论分析,导出了Kelvin-Voigt黏弹模型和Maxwell黏弹模型在任意空间差分精度下稳定性条件的表达式;给出了品质因子Q≥5时的简化式,并通过数值算例验证了理论研究结论的正确性;总结了地震波速度、频率、空间网格大小、差分系数以及品质因子与稳定性条件的关系;通过误差分析给出了近似公式的使用条件. 相似文献
4.
The transformation of a weakly nonlinear interfacial solitary wave in an ideal two-layer flow over a step is studied. In the vicinity of the step the wave transformation is described in the framework of the linear theory of long interfacial waves, and the coefficients of wave reflection and transmission are calculated. A strong transformation arises for propagation into shallower water, but a weak transformation for propagation into deeper water. Far from the step, the wave dynamics is described by the Korteweg-de Vries equation which is fully integrable. In the vicinity of the step, the reflected and transmitted waves have soliton-like shapes, but their parameters do not satisfy the steady-state soliton solutions. Using the inverse scattering technique it is shown that the reflected wave evolves into a single soliton and dispersing radiation if the wave propagates from deep to shallow water, and only dispersing radiation if the wave propagates from shallow to deep water. The dynamics of the transmitted wave is more complicated. In particular, if the coefficient of the nonlinear quadratic term in the Korteweg-de Vries equation is not changed in sign in the region after the step, the transmitted wave evolves into a group of solitons and radiation, a process similar to soliton fission for surface gravity waves at a step. But if the coefficient of the nonlinear term changes sign, the soliton is destroyed completely and transforms into radiation. The effects of cubic nonlinearity are studied in the framework of the extended Korteweg-de Vries (Gardner) equation which is also integrable. The higher-order nonlinear effects influence the amplitudes of the generated solitons if the amplitude of the transformed wave is comparable with the thickness of lower layer, but otherwise the process of soliton fission is qualitatively the same as in the framework of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. 相似文献
5.
Wave data collected off Goa along the west coast of India during February 1996-May 1997 has been subjected to spectral analysis, and swell and wind sea parameters have been estimated by separation frequency method. Dominance of swells and wind seas on monthly and seasonal basis has been estimated, and the analysis shows that swells dominate Goa coastal region not only during southwest monsoon (93%), but also during the post-monsoon (67%) season. Wind seas are dominant during the pre-monsoon season (51%). The mean wave periods (Tm) during southwest monsoon are generally above 5 s, whereas Tm is below 5 s during other seasons. Co-existence of multiple peaks (from NW and NE) was observed in the locally generated part of the wave spectrum, especially during the post-monsoon season. NCEP reanalysis winds have been used to analyse active fetch available in the Indian Ocean, from where the predominant swells propagate to the west coast of India. A numerical model was set up to simulate waves in the Indian Ocean using flexible mesh bathymetry. The correlation coefficients between measured and modelled significant wave heights and mean wave periods are 0.96 and 0.85, respectively. Numerical simulations reproduced the swell characteristics in the Indian Ocean, and from the model results potential swell generation areas are identified. The characteristics of swells associated with tropical storms that prevail off Goa during 1996 have also been analysed. 相似文献
6.
—The Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) is used to investigate the mutual response of a tropical squall line and the ocean. Simulated squall line compares well with the observations, and consists of counterrotating vortices, and has a bow shape bulge toward the leading edge. In addition to these features, which are also shown in the previous numerical simulations, the unique results from the coupled simulation indicate that the air–sea interaction processes within the squall line are important. They affect both the atmosphere and the ocean locally. Simulated upper ocean displays significant response to the squall line with upwelling and baroclinicity. Depth of the ocean mixed layer in the coupled simulation becomes modified due to feedback processes. Ocean temperature acts as a destabilizing factor, and the salinity as a stabilizing factor. Surface turbulent fluxes from the coupled simulation are about 10% less than that of the uncoupled simulation. The SST in the coupled simulation decreases by about 0.21°C. Predicted squall line in the coupled simulation is weaker as compared to the uncoupled simulation. This is reflected in terms of differences in surface fluxes, cloud water, rain water and vertical velocities between the two simulations. 相似文献
7.
It is shown that the effect of wind in a circular wind-water tunnel can cause the formation of a single soliton, whose generation is preceded by a gradual increase in the length and amplitude of wind waves. In the presence of surfactants, another (long-wave) formation mechanism comes into play, resulting in the generation of a soliton on the surface free of wind waves in the low-frequency range, which will persist from the origination of waves to a completely formed soliton. 相似文献
8.
Kyoko Ohashi Jinyu Sheng Keith R. Thompson Charles G. Hannah Harold Ritchie 《Continental Shelf Research》2009
A numerical shelf circulation model was developed for the Scotian Shelf, using a nested-grid setup consisting of a three-dimensional baroclinic inner model embedded inside a two-dimensional barotropic outer model. The shelf circulation model is based on the Princeton Ocean Model and driven by three-hourly atmospheric forcing provided by a numerical weather forecast model and by tidal forcing specified at the inner model's open boundaries based on pre-calculated tidal harmonic constants. The outer model simulates the depth-mean circulation forced by wind and atmospheric pressure fields over the northwest Atlantic Ocean with a horizontal resolution of 1/12°. The inner model simulates the three-dimensional circulation over the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Scotian Shelf, and the adjacent slope with a horizontal resolution of 1/16°. The performance of the shelf circulation model is assessed by comparing model results with oceanographic observations made along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia and in the vicinity of Sable Island (on the Scotian Shelf) during two periods: October 2000–March 2001 and April–June 2002. Analysis of model results on Sable Island Bank indicates that tidal currents account for as much as ∼80% of the total variance of near-bottom currents, and currents driven by local winds account for ∼30% of the variance of the non-tidal near-bottom currents. Shelf waves generated remotely by winds and propagating into the region also play an important role in the near-bottom circulation on the bank. 相似文献
9.
Numerical Modelling of the Destructive Meteotsunami of 15 June, 2006 on the Coast of the Balearic Islands 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ivica Vilibić Sebastià Monserrat Alexander Rabinovich Hrvoje Mihanović 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(11-12):2169-2195
A destructive tsunami-like event (locally known as “rissaga” waves) occurring on 15 June, 2006 in Ciutadella Harbour (Menorca, Balearic Islands) is reproduced by a numerical model forced by a travelling atmospheric disturbance. The disturbance is reconstructed from microbarograph measurements, being the only available instrumental data at the time of the event. The model is verified based on two weaker 1997 events, which were recorded by a number of bottom pressure recorders operating at that time on the Menorca shelf, in Ciutadella Inlet and adjacent Platja Gran Inlet. Both 1997 events are numerically simulated and good agreement is achieved with observations in time, frequency (including eigenfrequencies of the affected inlets) and wave heights. Subsequently the same model is applied to simulate the 2006 event. The vigorous currents with speeds up to 400 cm/s are found to occur specifically at those areas of the harbour where the most severe damage and sinking of boats had been reported. Maximum simulated sea-level heights of 2.5 m were about one half of those reported by eyewitnesses. This difference is apparently caused by quality and spatial resolution of bathymetry data. However, in general, the model is capable of reproducing the event fairly well and can probably be used for future assessment and mitigation activities on the coasts of the Balearic Islands. 相似文献
10.
Widely used numerical models of solute transport processes in subsurface aquifers are limited to nonlocally refined rectangular, or logically rectangular, structured grids. This presents an unsuitable option to efficient numerical simulations maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy. Optimal selection of locally refined cells for efficient solute transport models is challenging to the current generation of numerical models. We present a novel and relatively simple to implement algorithm addressing these shortcomings. This method operates in four steps involving travel times simulations, a grid coarsening stage followed by a selective local grid refinement based on a cell-wise indicator, and a final postprocessing step. The refinement index is the sum of weighted logarithmic distributions of scaled forward and backward travel times. We calculate representative flow and transport properties at the two scales of the composite grid with a flow-based upscaling technique. We present two test problems to demonstrate the performances of this new gridding algorithm. We obtain the most important speedups for composite grids generated with the highest indicator thresholds. When hydrodynamic dispersion effects increase, we obtain less important speedups. An important outcome of this work is that grid design depends on nature and strength of the underlying flow and solute transport processes. Therefore, we suggest developing solute transport workflows integrating this grid generation algorithm as an integral component to build comprehensive and efficient groundwater models. 相似文献
11.
Kaiser J&#;lia Nogueira Izabel C. M. Campos Ricardo M. Parente Carlos E. Martins Renato P. Belo Wellington C. 《Ocean Dynamics》2022,72(2):137-150
Ocean Dynamics - This paper evaluates the performance of the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III for the South Atlantic Ocean forced by wind inputs from the most recent reanalyses, NCEP/CFSR and... 相似文献
12.
非比例阻尼线性体系地震反应计算的振型分解反应谱法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
汪梦甫 《地震工程与工程振动》2007,27(1):31-37
以非比例阻尼线性体系地震反应计算实数形式的一般解答为基础,推导得到了非比例阻尼线性体系水平地震作用计算的多种形式,建立了非比例阻尼线性体系地震反应计算振型分解反应谱法的基本过程与步骤。最后,以一个五层剪切型结构为例,通过与各种常用直接积分方法计算结果的比较,证实了本文非比例阻尼线性体系地震反应计算实数形式的一般解答的高精度与可靠性。通过对多种形式地震作用所得地震效应的比较,证实了非比例阻尼线性体系地震反应振型分解反应谱方法的可靠性及可行性。 相似文献
13.
Takehiko Nose Adrean Webb Takuji Waseda Jun Inoue Kazutoshi Sato 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(10):1383-1402
A predictability study on wave forecast of the Arctic Ocean is necessary to help identify hazardous areas and ensure sustainable shipping along the trans-Arctic routes. To assist with validation of the Arctic Ocean wave model, two drifting wave buoys were deployed off Point Barrow, Alaska for two months in September 2016. Both buoys measured significant wave heights exceeding 4 m during two different storm events on 19 September and 22 October. The NOAA-WAVEWATCH III? model with 16-km resolution was forced using wind and sea ice reanalysis data and obtained general agreement with the observation. The September storm was reproduced well; however, model accuracy deteriorated in October with a negative wave height bias of around 1 m during the October storm. Utilising reanalysis data, including the most up-to-date ERA5, this study investigated the cause: grid resolution, wind and ice forcing, and in situ sea level pressure observations assimilated for reanalysis. The analysis has found that there is a 20% reduction of in situ SLP observations in the area of interest, presumably due to fewer ships and deployment options during the sea ice advance period. The 63-member atmospheric ensemble reanalysis, ALERA2, has shown that this led to a larger ensemble spread in the October monthly mean wind field compared to September. Since atmospheric physics is complex during sea ice advance, it is speculated that the elevated uncertainty of synoptic-scale wind caused the negative wave model bias. This has implications for wave hindcasts and forecasts in the Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
14.
Sea level changes coherently along the two coasts of Japan on the seasonal timescale. Archiving, validation, and interpretation
of satellite oceanographic altimetry data and ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator results indicate that
the variation propagates clockwise from Japan’s east coast through the Tsushima Strait into the Japan/East Sea (JES) and then
northward along the west coast. In this study, we hypothesize and test numerically that the sea-level variability along the
west coast of Japan is remotely forced by the Kuroshio Extension (KE) off the east coast. Topographic Rossby waves and boundary
Kelvin waves facilitate the connection. Our 3D Princeton Ocean Model when forced by observed wind stress reproduces well the
seasonal changes in the vicinity of JES. Two additional experiments were conducted to examine the relative roles of remote
forcing and local forcing. The sea-level variability inside the JES was dramatically reduced when the Tsushima Strait is blocked
in one experiment. The removal of the local forcing, in another experiment, has little effect on the JES variability. Both
experiments support our hypothesis that the open-ocean forcing, possibly through the KE variability, is the leading forcing
mechanism for sea-level change along the west coast of Japan. 相似文献
15.
动荷载作用下欧拉梁动响应的计算是一个初边值问题,通常很难得到解析解,传统数值方法一般是把空间和时间分别离散进行求解,计算相对复杂,效率也不高.针对分布动荷载作用下欧拉梁的振动偏微分方程,采用传统微分求积法,在空间和时间上同时进行离散;对于所有非0阶的初/边值条件,采用嵌入法在权系数计算中予以考虑.算例的数值结果与精确解的对比证明采用传统微分求积法处理此问题是可行的,而且是高效的.对于实际工程中的其他类似问题,该方法同样适用. 相似文献
16.
Analytical Solutions for Tsunami Waves Generated by Submarine Landslides in Narrow Bays and Channels
Analytical theory of tsunami wave generation by submarine landslides is extended to the case of narrow bays and channels of different geometry, in the shallow-water theory framework. New analytical solutions are obtained. For a number of bottom configurations, the wave field can be found explicitly in the form of the Duhamel integral. It is described by three waves: one forced wave propagating together with the landslide and two free waves propagating in opposite directions. The cases for bays with triangular (V-shaped bay), parabolic (U-shaped bay), and rectangular cross-sections are discussed in detail. The dynamics of the offshore-propagating wave in linearly inclined bays of different cross-section are also studied asymptotically for the resonant moving landslide. Different cases of landslides of increasing and decreasing volume are considered. It is shown that even if the landslide is moving under fully resonant conditions, the amplitude of the propagating tsunami wave may still be bounded, depending on the type of the landslide. 相似文献
17.
土是由一定尺寸大小颗粒所构成的多孔介质,具有明显的颗粒特性,当土颗粒间的孔隙被流体（如水或油）充满时则成为饱和土.利用微极理论和Biot波动理论的研究成果,把饱和土中多孔固体骨架部分近似地视为微极介质,孔隙中的流体部分视为质点介质,获得饱和多孔微极介质的弹性波动方程.借鉴Greetsma理论,建立了饱和多孔微极介质弹性本构方程力学参数与相应单相介质弹性参数的相互关系,使饱和多孔微极介质弹性波动方程中的物理参数具有明确的物理意义,易于在试验中确定.运用场论理论把饱和多孔微极介质的波动方程简化为势函数方程,建立了饱和多孔微极介质中五种弹性波的弥散方程,数值分析了五种简谐体波在无限饱和多孔微极介质中的传播特性. 结果表明,P1波、P2波和剪切S1波的波速弥散曲线与经典饱和多孔介质基本相同,当频率小于临界频率ω0时旋转纵波θ波和横波S2波不存在,当频率大于临界频率ω0时,θ波和S2波的传播速度随频率增加而减小. 相似文献
18.
Jacques Verron 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-4):257-276
Abstract In this paper we examine the behaviour of oceanic unsteady flow impinging on isolated topography by means of numerical simulation. The ocean model is quasigeostrophic and forced by an oscillatory mean flow. The fluid domain is of the channel type and open-boundary numerical conditions are used to represent downstream and upstream flow. In certain cases, vortex shedding, either cyclonic or anticyclonic, is observed in the lee of obstacles. Such shedding can be explained as the consequence of both an enhanced process of vorticity dissipation over the topography which locally affects the balance of potential vorticity on the advective timescale, and a periodic dominance of advective effects which sweep the fluid particles trapped on the seamount. For refined resolution and smallest viscosity the model will predict flows in which the shed eddies are coherent structures with closed streamlines. The model suggests a mechanism by which topographically generated eddies may be swept away from a seamount in the ocean. 相似文献
19.
Initial ensemble generation and validation for ocean data assimilation using HYCOM in the Pacific 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A method to initialize an ensemble, introduced by Evensen (Physica, D 77:108–129, 1994a; J Geophys Res 99(C5):10143–10162, 1994b; Ocean Dynamics 53:343–367, 2003), was applied to the Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) for the Pacific Ocean.
Taking advantage of the hybrid coordinates, an initial ensemble is created by first perturbing the layer interfaces and then
running the model for a spin-up period of 1 month forced by randomly perturbed atmospheric forcing fields. In addition to
the perturbations of layer interfaces, we implemented perturbations of the mixed layer temperatures. In this paper, we investigate
the quality of the initial ensemble generated by this scheme and the influence of the horizontal decorrelation scale and vertical
correlation on the statistics of the resulting ensemble. We performed six ensemble generation experiments with different combinations
of horizontal decorrelation scales and with/without perturbations in the mixed layer. The resulting six sets of initial ensembles
are then analyzed in terms of sustainability of the ensemble spread and realism of the correlation patterns. The ensemble
spreads are validated against the difference between model and observations after 20 years of free run. The correlation patterns
of six sets of ensemble are compared to each other. This study shows that the ensemble generation scheme can effectively generate
an initial ensemble whose spread is consistent with the observed errors. The correlation pattern of the ensemble also exhibits
realistic features. The addition of mixed layer perturbations improves both the spread and correlation. Some limitations of
the ensemble generation scheme are also discussed. We found that the vertical shift of isopycnal coordinates provokes unrealistically
large deviations in shallow layers near the islands of the West Pacific. A simple correction circumvents the problem.
相似文献
| Liying WanEmail: |
20.
Steven L. Morey Mark A. Bourassa Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy James J. O’Brien 《Ocean Dynamics》2006,56(5-6):594-606
A coupled ocean and boundary layer flux numerical modeling system is used to study the upper ocean response to surface heat
and momentum fluxes associated with a major hurricane, namely, Hurricane Dennis (July 2005) in the Gulf of Mexico. A suite
of experiments is run using this modeling system, constructed by coupling a Navy Coastal Ocean Model simulation of the Gulf
of Mexico to an atmospheric flux model. The modeling system is forced by wind fields produced from satellite scatterometer
and atmospheric model wind data, and by numerical weather prediction air temperature data. The experiments are initialized
from a data assimilative hindcast model run and then forced by surface fluxes with no assimilation for the time during which
Hurricane Dennis impacted the region. Four experiments are run to aid in the analysis: one is forced by heat and momentum
fluxes, one by only momentum fluxes, one by only heat fluxes, and one with no surface forcing. An equation describing the
change in the upper ocean hurricane heat potential due to the storm is developed. Analysis of the model results show that
surface heat fluxes are primarily responsible for widespread reduction (0.5°–1.5°C) of sea surface temperature over the inner
West Florida Shelf 100–300 km away from the storm center. Momentum fluxes are responsible for stronger surface cooling (2°C)
near the center of the storm. The upper ocean heat loss near the storm center of more than 200 MJ/m2 is primarily due to the vertical flux of thermal energy between the surface layer and deep ocean. Heat loss to the atmosphere
during the storm’s passage is approximately 100–150 MJ/m2. The upper ocean cooling is enhanced where the preexisting mixed layer is shallow, e.g., within a cyclonic circulation feature,
although the heat flux to the atmosphere in these locations is markedly reduced. 相似文献