共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
2.
基于SRTMDEM与变点分析法的云南省富宁县地貌形态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丁贤法 《测绘与空间地理信息》2014,(11)
以位于云贵高原至广西丘陵倾斜面上的云南省富宁县为研究区,提出了适合研究区地形特点的地貌形态分类指标体系;基于 SRTM DEM 90 m 分辨率的地形数据,用均值变点分析法,确定8像元×8像元（0．5184 km2）的格网为该县地形起伏度的最佳统计单元,据此提取了该县地形起伏度（0～707 m）;最后,叠加分析了该县绝对海拔和地形起伏度数据,得到12种基本地貌形态,并得出结论：小起伏较低山、小起伏中山是该县最主要的地貌形态。 相似文献
3.
4.
《国土资源遥感》2017,(1)
在微地形上进行太阳辐射模拟对于探讨起伏地表微气候因素分布具有重要意义,为分析微地形对太阳辐射的影响及对地表温度的影响,利用实时动态差分仪(real-time kinematic,RTK)实地测量实验样区的微地形,生成分辨率为0.1 m×0.1 m的分米级高精度数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM),模拟微地形下太阳总辐射的时空分布;同时结合地面温度实测数据,建立地表温度与太阳辐射的关系。结果表明:微地形下太阳辐射具有明显的空间分布特征,表现为沟脊大,沟底小;阳坡大,阴坡小;坡度越大接受的太阳辐射量越少;实验样区接受太阳辐射量大小依次为夏季春季秋季冬季;地形遮蔽效应对太阳辐射影响程度依次为冬季秋季春季夏季;地表温度与太阳辐射呈显著相关,相关系数为0.622。 相似文献
5.
为了反演出全天各个时刻的地表温度数据,在不考虑大气水汽含量和地表比辐射率的情况下,首先建立“风云2号”C星2个热红外通道数据相对于MODIS地表温度数据之间的回归方程,反演出各个时刻的5 km空间分辨率的地表辐射温度;然后根据地表温度最大值和最小值出现的时间,将反演的地表辐射温度降尺度到1 km空间分辨率,在同时刻、同... 相似文献
6.
基于DEM的新疆地势起伏度分析 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
地势起伏度的提取为获取地表信息、进行地形定量化分析提供有效手段。本研究以新疆1:25万DEM数据为基础,并借鉴前人研究方法,在GIS系统的支持下,利用邻域分析方法,运用均值变点分析法对其进行了最佳统计单元的计算,最后得出基于1:25万DEM的新疆地势起伏度计算的最佳统计单元为8×8的网格大小(2.56km2),并完成了新疆地势起伏度分级图的绘制,通过分级图认真分析新疆基本地貌特征(戈壁、沙漠、丘陵、高山等),从地势上看,新疆地势局部起伏较大,总体较平缓。 相似文献
7.
8.
基于DEM的宁明县地形因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以ASTER GDEM 30 m分辨率的DEM为基础数据,ArcGIS为软件平台,提取宁明县坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、地表粗糙度、地表切割深度等地形特征要素,并对地形特征进行定量分析.结果表明,县域内坡度在0°～81 °范围内均有分布,但相对集中于5°～ 35°之间;南坡、北坡坡向面积相差较小,分布相对均衡;西北部、南部地形起伏较大,最大处可达702 m;地表粗糙度处于0.15～1之间;地表切割深度最深处达到340.67 m. 相似文献
9.
为研究地形起伏度与全球定位系统(GPS)多路径误差的相关性,该文采用邻域统计、均值变点分析、相关性分析等方法,以ArcGIS为平台,基于某校区1m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,运用均值变点分析确定最佳分析区域,并提取地形起伏度,再通过SPSS相关分析,获得地形起伏度与多路径误差M_(p1)、M_(p2)的Spearman秩相关系数。结果表明:最佳分析区域为11m×11m,对应的地形起伏度与多路径误差M_(p1)、M_(p2)在P<0.01下显著相关;测站周围5.5m范围内的地形起伏度对多路径误差有直接影响,尤其在地形起伏度大于3 m时,与多路径误差M_(p2)显著相关。 相似文献
10.
考虑植被覆盖因子的地形辐射校正模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对传统的地形辐射校正模型无法适用复杂地表覆盖类型而导致的校正精度较低的问题,该文提出了一种考虑像元植被覆盖因子的模型。山区遥感影像像元大部分为植被与岩石、裸土的混合像元,针对混合像元中岩石、裸土部分应用太阳-地表-传感器模型,而对于植被覆盖区则采用考虑植被垂直生长特性的太阳-树冠-传感器模型,两模型用像元植被覆盖因子拟合为新的太阳-植被覆盖因子-传感器模型。利用覆盖江西实验区的Landsat-8陆地成像仪影像和数字高程模型数据进行了校正比对分析,结果表明该方法可有效地消除地形起伏对辐射亮度的影响。 相似文献
11.
Mingxi Zhang Bin Wang De Li Liu Jiandong Liu Hong Zhang Puyu Feng Dongdong Kong James Cleverly Xihua Yang Qiang Yu 《Transactions in GIS》2020,24(2):423-441
Solar radiation has been a major input to agricultural, hydrological, and ecological modeling. However, solar radiation is usually influenced by three groups of dynamic factors: sun–earth position, terrain, and atmospheric effects. Therefore, an integrated approach to accurately consider the impacts of those dynamic factors on solar radiation is essential to estimate solar radiation over rugged terrain. In this study, a spatial and temporal gap‐filling algorithm was proposed to obtain a seamless daily MODIS albedo dataset. A 1 km‐resolution digital elevation model was used to model the impact of local topography and shading by surrounding terrain on solar radiation. A sunshine‐based model was adopted to simulate radiation under the influence of clouds. A GIS‐based solar radiation model that incorporates albedo, shading by surrounding terrain, and variations in cloudiness was used to address the spatial variability of these factors in mountainous terrain. Compared with other independent solar radiation products, our model generated a more reliable solar radiation product over rugged terrain, with an R2 of 0.88 and an RMSE of 2.55 MJ m?2 day?1. The improved solar radiation products and open source app can be used further in practice or scientific research. 相似文献
12.
A New GIS-based Solar Radiation Model and Its Application to Photovoltaic Assessments 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The solar radiation model r.sun is a flexible and efficient tool for the estimation of solar radiation for clear‐sky and overcast atmospheric conditions. In contrast to other models, r.sun considers all relevant input parameters as spatially distributed entities to enable computations for large areas with complex terrain. Conceptually the model is based on equations published in the European Solar Radiation Atlas (ESRA). The r.sun model was applied to estimate the solar potential for photovoltaic systems in Central and Eastern Europe. The overcast radiation was computed from clear‐sky values and a clear‐sky index. The raster map of the clear‐sky index was computed using a multivariate interpolation method to account for terrain effects, with interpolation parameters optimized using a cross‐validation technique. The incorporation of terrain data improved the radiation estimates in terms of the model's predictive error and the spatial pattern of the model outputs. Comparing the results of r.sun with the ESRA database demonstrates that integration of the solar radiation model and the spatial interpolation tools in a GIS can be especially helpful for data at higher resolutions and in regions with a lack of ground measurements. 相似文献
13.
Estimates of solar radiation distribution in urban areas are often limited by the complexity of urban environments. These limitations arise from spatial structures such as buildings and trees that affect spatial and temporal distributions of solar fluxes over urban surfaces. The traditional solar radiation models implemented in GIS can address this problem only partially. They can be adequately used only for 2‐D surfaces such as terrain and rooftops. However, vertical surfaces, such as facades, require a 3‐D approach. This study presents a new 3‐D solar radiation model for urban areas represented by 3‐D city models. The v.sun module implemented in GRASS GIS is based on the existing solar radiation methodology used in the topographic r.sun model with a new capability to process 3‐D vector data representing complex urban environments. The calculation procedure is based on the combined vector‐voxel approach segmenting the 3‐D vector objects to smaller polygon elements according to a voxel data structure of the volume region. The shadowing effects of surrounding objects are considered using a unique shadowing algorithm. The proposed model has been applied to the sample urban area with results showing strong spatial and temporal variations of solar radiation flows over complex urban surfaces. 相似文献
14.
日照时间的地形影响与空间尺度效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在广泛总结前人研究的基础上,提出了一个改进的、基于DEM数据的、起伏地形条件下的日照时间计算模型,在以往计算模型的基础上引入地球曲率修正因子Q,提高了模型的计算精度。并在此基础上,计算了全国6个典型地貌类型区,在春秋分日、夏至日和冬至日,两个空间分辨率下(500m和1km)地面日照时间的空间分布。应用数理统计、数学模拟和比较分析的研究方法,对模型修正前后计算所得的地面日照时间数据进行了对比分析,并对所得地面日照时间从不同地貌类型和不同空间尺度两个方面进行了地形与空间尺度效应研究。阐明了区域日照时间随地形地貌和空间分辨率变化的规律,对应用中计算地面日照时间的DEM空间分辨率选择具有指导意义。 相似文献
15.
本文提出一种新的半经验地形校正模型SCEDIL(Simple topographic Correction using Estimation of Diffuse Light),该模型通过结合DEM与光学影像数据寻找局部区域内完全光照和阴影的水平像元,并以光照、阴影水平像元的平均反射率值估算局部区域散射辐射比,提高了陡峭山区影像的地形校正精度。以高分一号卫星和Landsat ETM+影像为例,从目视判读和定量分析两个方面,比较分析该算法与传统半经验地形校正算法(C、SCS+C)的校正结果。结果表明:(1)对较为平坦的地形,SCEDIL和C、SCS+C校正都有较好的目视结果;对地面起伏较大的陡峭地形,C、SCS+C校正后,原阴影区域易呈现破碎化特征,SCEDIL校正后,原阴影区域过渡较为平滑。(2)SCEDIL校正后,各波段反射率的均值和标准差优于C、SCS+C校正,SCEDIL校正后,影像总分类精度与同类地物光谱信息均一性均优于C和SCS+C校正。SCEDIL半经验地形校正方法能有效地去除影像中的地形干扰,尤其对陡峭地形的校正效果,优于常规地形校正模型。 相似文献
16.
Climate maps have been widely used for the construction of species distribution models. These maps derive from interpolation of data collected by meteorological stations. The sparse distribution of stations generates maps with coarse spatial resolution that are unable to detect microclimates or areas that can serve as plant or animal refuges. This work proposes a method for downscaling temperature maps using the solar radiation falling upon hillsides as predictor for the influence of relief on local variability. Solar irradiance is estimated from a digital elevation model of the study area using a routine based on analytical hillshading. Some examples of downscaling from 1 km to 25 m spatial resolution are shown. The results are compared with the surface temperature maps from Landsat 8 satellite imagery. 相似文献
17.
将DEM、坡度和坡向作为地形因子,基于ENVI/IDL编写MT-CLIM模型批量处理程序,使用改进MTCLIM模型对小兴安岭地区的地面气象台站进行太阳辐射模拟,并将模拟结果分别与辐射台站实测数据和二次趋势面统计模型进行验证。研究结果表明:从整年上,其与辐射台站的拟合精度R2为0.813 3,其中,夏季模拟太阳辐射日值拟合精度偏低,而其与二次趋势面统计模型拟合精度R2值范围为0.571 3~0.793 3;采用改进的MT-CLIM模型模拟较大区域的太阳辐射,比统计模型具有更好的普适性和高效性,能获得较好的中高纬低山丘陵区模拟效果,且为森林生态过程模型的输入参数研究提供依据。 相似文献
18.
In mountainous regions, solar radiation exhibits a strong spatial heterogeneity due to terrain shading effects. Terrain shading algorithms based on digital elevation models can be categorized into two types: area‐based and point‐specific. In this article, we evaluated two shading algorithms using designed mathematic surfaces. Theoretical shading effects over four Gauss synthetic surfaces were calculated and used to evaluate the terrain shading algorithms. We evaluated the area‐based terrain shading algorithm, Hillshade tool of ArcGIS, and the point‐specific shading algorithm from Solar Analyst (SA) in ArcGIS. Both algorithms showed shading overestimation, and Hillshade showed more accuracy with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.20%, as compared to the MAE of 1.66% of SA. The MAE of Hillshade increases exponentially as the spatial extent of the study area increases because the solar position for all locations on the surface is the same in Hillshade. Consequently, we suggest that the surface should be divided into more tiles in Hillshade when the discrepancy in the latitude of the whole surface is greater than 4°. Skyshed, which represents the horizon angle distribution in SA, is error‐prone over more complex terrain because horizon angle interpolation is problematic for such areas. We also propose a new terrain shading algorithm, with solar positions calculated using local latitude for each cell and the horizon angle calculated for every specific time interval, but without projections. The new model performs better than Hillshade and SA with an MAE of 0.55%. 相似文献
19.
20.
地形可视性分析是太阳辐射分析、通讯信号场强分析、军事战场环境分析等应用领域中的核心问题。在现有可视性分析理论基础上,指出建立统一的地形可视性分析模型的必要性和重要意义。针对许多应用问题在方法与原理上的共性,提出一个统一的分析模型,对基于DEM地形可视性所涉及到的各个因素进行合理分类。 相似文献