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1.
绝大多数金矿床的形成或多或少都与热液活动有关。成矿过程中伴随流体的运移和演化,流体与围岩会不断发生水-岩反应并导致金物质在适合的构造空间堆积成矿,同时在流体途经区留下蚀变产物。这一过程中形成的蚀变矿物特征和矿物组合能够指示成矿过程的物理化学条件的变化,是找矿的重要信息。这一能够标识成矿过程的矿物学特征统称为矿物标型特征。基于与金矿矿化关系密切的常见矿物蚀变现象及其时空分布规律,并以矿物标型特征参数(如载金矿物黄铁矿热电性特征、蚀变矿物短波红外光谱特征和蚀变岩磁化率特征等)为基础,通过蚀变矿物分带和矿物学填图,可以建立成矿模式和找矿模型,进而指导找矿勘查。本文通过对多个矿床实例的总结分析,认为以矿物标型特征为主要参数的矿物学填图是有效缩小找矿靶区或进行深部预测的找矿方法之一。 相似文献
2.
辽宁省自然重砂矿物的主要特征及分布规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
辽宁省区域自然重砂矿物特征及其分布规律受控于地质矿产因素、自然地理景观、矿物的物理性质和化学性质.区内自然重砂在空间上多具有分带性,主要受较大规模的构造、赋矿地层、构造岩浆岩带等条件控制.不同的重砂矿物,具有各自明显的区带分布特征.本文对金、铜、铅、电气石等8种重砂矿物的分布特征、区带划分、重砂矿物组合等进行了论述. 相似文献
3.
为了确定巴丹吉林盆地石炭系—二叠系盆山构造格局和物源体系,分析了巴丹吉林盆地石炭系—二叠系剖面碎屑岩中重矿物的含量和组合特征。结果显示：石炭系红石山-黑鹰山坳陷重矿物组合为锆石+磷灰石,红柳大泉坳陷为锆石+金红石+磷灰石+电气石,锡林浩特坳陷为锆石+金红石+磷灰石+电气石+石榴子石,珠斯棱凹陷为锆石+金红石+磷灰石+电气石;二叠系红石山-黑鹰山坳陷重矿物组合为锆石+磷灰石+石榴子石,红柳大泉坳陷锆石+金红石+磷灰石+电气石+石榴子石,锡林浩特坳陷为锆石+石榴子石+电气石,珠斯棱凹陷为锆石+金红石+磷灰石+电气石+石榴子石。巴丹吉林盆地存在阿拉善-狼山古陆和马鬃山-切刀古隆起2个物源体系。 相似文献
4.
位于滇西兰坪盆地西缘的茅草坪矿床是近年来新发现的一个脉状铜矿床,与该区其他脉状铜矿不同,它发育大量热液电气石。本文对矿床电气石的发育特征和化学成分进行了研究,以此探讨电气石生长和成分的控制因素、成矿流体来源及成矿过程中氧逸度的变化。茅草坪矿床铜矿体由石英-碳酸盐-硫化物脉及伴生的热液蚀变晕组成。电气石可分为两类:较早沉淀的蚀变晕电气石(T1)和较晚沉淀的脉体内电气石(T2)。T1电气石与石英共生,出现在变碎屑岩(T1-Q)和大理岩(T1-M)中,矿物强烈定向生长,长轴平行于围岩的剪切面理,颗粒相对细小,此阶段无含铜硫化物生成;T2电气石伴有黄铜矿生成,矿物长轴多与围岩的剪切面理斜交、呈弱定向生长,或不定向地生长,矿物颗粒相对粗大。由此反映在矿床热液矿化过程中,控制热液矿物生长的构造应力由强剪切到弱剪切及剪切停止的趋势变化。电子探针分析结果表明,所有电气石均属于碱性族,主体为镁电气石。T2电气石在背散射图像下存在明暗环带,与Ti、Fe、Mg含量的差异有关,也反映该期成矿流体的物理化学条件呈波动变化。茅草坪电气石的化学组成主要受流体成分控制,但T1-Q电气石相对富Al,T1-M电气石相对富Ca,表明围岩对蚀变晕电气石成分有一定影响。矿床以镁电气石为主的特征,暗示成矿流体不可能直接来自未经历水-岩相互作用的壳源花岗岩岩浆水。T2电气石较T1电气石具有高的Fe~(3+)/(Fe~(3+)+Fe~(2+))值,表明矿床成矿流体从早期到晚期可能是一个氧逸度升高的过程。结合区域脉状铜矿流体特征、金属组合、围岩和蚀变特征,推测茅草坪矿床及滇西脉状铜矿床迁移Cu的流体可能是CO_2缓冲p H值的还原性流体,在矿化部位流体氧逸度升高很可能是含铜硫化物沉淀的重要机制之一。 相似文献
5.
根据铜矿床的成因类型,对全国177个铜矿床的自然重砂矿物进行统计分析。结果显示,自然重砂矿物对于铜矿床成因类型具有较好的指示意义。不同成因类型铜矿床的自然重砂矿物组合不同,尤其是岩浆型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型、火山岩型铜矿床均具有特征自然重砂指示矿物。除了铜矿物、铅锌矿物、黄铁矿、白钨矿等各类型铜矿床共有自然重砂矿物外,铬铁矿、镍黄铁矿、辉石、橄榄石等为岩浆型铜矿床的特征指示矿物,自然金、辉钼矿、磷灰石、磷钇矿等可以指示斑岩型铜矿床;锆石、锡石和石榴子石是矽卡岩型铜矿床的特征指示矿物;火山岩型铜矿床则以雄黄、雌黄作为特征指示矿物。这些研究对于建立不同成因类型铜矿的自然重砂找矿模型具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
莺歌海盆地东北部邻区7条主要入海河流重砂矿物特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海南岛西部（琼西）是莺歌海盆地东北部的主要物质来源之一。本文对琼西7条主要河流入海口的现代河砂进行了重矿物含量、重矿物组合以及相关特征指数等分析,发现其重矿物含量、磨圆度、组合以及相关重矿物指数从北到南明显不同,反映出碎屑物质搬运距离和源区岩性也明显不同。北部珠碧江重矿物以钛铁矿、电气石、锆石、绿帘石和透闪石为主,磨圆度较差,反映物源主要为近距离的酸性至基性-超基性岩浆岩和变质岩;昌化江重矿物以钛铁矿、磁铁矿、锆石和榍石为主,磨圆比较好,物源可能主要为远距离的酸性和基性岩浆岩;中部北黎河和通天河重矿物以钛铁矿、电气石、锆石、石榴石和透闪石为主,基本没有磨圆,物源主要来自近源区,为未经远距离搬运的变质岩、酸性岩浆岩和基性火山岩;感恩河重矿物以磨圆度差的锆石、钛铁矿、榍石、电气石和褐铁矿等稳定-极稳定重矿物为主,反映源区主要为近距离搬运的岩浆岩;南部望楼河和宁远河重矿物以钛铁矿、磁铁矿、褐铁矿和绿帘石等稳定-不稳定矿物为主,反映的母岩主要为酸性岩浆岩、变质岩和中-基性岩浆岩。这些主要河流入海口的重矿物特征存在明显差异,这与其发源地、流经区域以及流经区域所发育的岩石类型相一致。通过研究琼西地区从北到南不同流域的重矿物组合体系,有助于开展莺歌海盆地源汇对比分析,建立不同区域油气储层碎屑物质来源的识别标志,对该盆地天然气储层物源识别具有重要的地质意义。 相似文献
7.
自然重砂是地质体经自然风化、剥蚀、搬运、沉积等地质作用而分离出的单矿物(或矿物组合)。自然重砂矿物晶体由于仍然保留有许多矿物成因信息,包括颜色、形态、化学成分、物理性质和矿物组合等特征,因此常用于追溯源区地质体或者找矿勘查。这种方法被认为是一种经济实用的找矿方法——自然重砂测量。本文基于全国自然重砂找矿的数据资料,系统梳理了自然重砂的矿物类型、出现频率及其分布等特点,分析了自然重砂的矿物组合和成因矿物学特征,研究了自然重砂矿物的源区烙印、搬运距离及标型指示矿物组合特征,探讨了自然重砂成因矿物学研究意义及其找矿应用前景。自然重砂矿物的颜色、形态及内部结构依然保留着明确的成因矿物学信息:其颜色和晶体形态具有继承性而与其源区母体联系起来,体现源区母体的特性;其矿物组成可分出残余原生重矿物(包括造岩矿物、副矿物、矿石矿物等)和新生重砂矿物两个部分,如赤铜矿、孔雀石等反映着源区岩性体的成分或者赋存状态特征,其矿物组合也在很大程度上继承原生共生矿物而体现诸如有无矿化等意义;重砂颗粒的磨圆度、边界光滑性等表面特征反映搬运距离,有利于明确响应源区母体或者物源,而具有良好的找矿指示意义。 相似文献
8.
新水井铀(钍)矿床位于甘肃省龙首山成矿带,是碱交代型铀矿床的典型代表,其矿体完全产于钠交代蚀变花岗岩中,成矿过程可划分为钠交代蚀变、铀钍矿化和成矿后3个主要阶段。文章对该矿床花岗岩原岩、蚀变岩及矿石开展了系统主微量元素分析,采用Grant等浓度线法探讨了钠交代蚀变和铀钍矿化阶段的元素迁移规律,结果表明:钠交代蚀变阶段为富含Na、Ca、过渡族元素(Sc、V、Cr、Co、Ni)、U、Th及CO2、H2O等挥发分的复杂流体,钠交代过程中原岩中的大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba)和部分轻稀土元素(LREE)不同程度带出;而铀钍成矿阶段成矿流体则富集重稀土元素(HREE)、U、Th、PO43-等成分,CO2等挥发分大量逸出。结合前人研究,认为新水井矿床成矿流体可能来自地幔流体和大气降水热液的混合;等挥发分CO2的逸出是新水井矿床最重要的矿质沉淀机制,导致了铀钍矿物和磷酸盐矿物(磷灰石)的共沉淀,而磷灰石的沉淀又促进了以磷酸盐形式搬运的Th元素的沉淀。 相似文献
9.
10.
云英岩主要是由白云母、石英、黄玉、电气石、萤石以及锡石、黑钨矿等矿物组成的浅色蚀变岩石。本文只讨论主要由白云母、石英、黄玉、锂电气石和萤石所组成的云英岩的蚀变类型、蚀变带序、蚀变带和成岩格子。 相似文献
11.
Heavy mineral analysis has been carried out in the Barakar Formation of the Talchir Gondwana Bbasin, Orissa. The characteristic
heavy minerals are garnet, zircon, tourmaline, rutile, biotite, chlorite, pyroxenes, hornblende, staurolite, sillimanite,
apatite, epidote, sphene, spinel and siderite including opaques and leucoxene. These heavy minerals are divisible into four
groups on the basis of principal component analysis and suggest derivation of Barakar sediments from pegmatite, acid and basic
igneous as well as low- and high-rank metamorphic rocks lying to the south of the Talchir Gondwana Basin. Though the heavy
mineral suites of all the sandstone samples are by and large similar, differences have been noticed in the frequencies of
many heavy minerals in vertical succession. Cyclic nature and vertical fluctuation of heavy mineral frequencies can be ascribed
to variation of the relief of the source area, sudden release of some of the minerals in the source region and/or existence
of favourable geochemical condition to escape partial dissolution. 相似文献
12.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(4):415-423
The weathering of heavy minerals in acid soil profiles (pH 4–5) has been studied in terms of their relative mineral proportions and by using the surface etching features of apatite and hornblende grains. An increasing stability order of: apatite, titanite, hornblende, garnet, epidote, zircon is found in the 45–63 μm coarse-silt fraction of soils developed on tills in southwestern Sweden. In glaciofluvial deposits, sorting processes during deposition have largely determined the variations in heavy mineral content of soils, and only the dissolution of apatite is significant. Hornblende etching is more extensive in soils with low hornblende content, indicating that the release of cations relative to the amount of hornblende is greater in such soils. 相似文献
13.
砂岩中重矿物在埋藏成岩环境中会发生溶蚀甚至形成新的重矿物胶结物。利用重矿物特征进行物源分析是鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组物源分析的最重要方法之一,但石榴子石、榍石和绿帘石这3种重矿物在成岩作用期间发生了明显的后生变化。研究表明,延长卡中石榴子石发生溶蚀形成粒内溶孔和刻面石榴子石,部分被方解石、绿泥石或硅质交代;见自生榍石晶体及榍石次生加大,且榍石的生长具有多期次性;见自生绿帘石晶体及绿帘石次生加大,部分绿帘石被绿泥石或硅质交代;相对稳定性强的石榴子石部分被溶蚀,而相对稳定性弱的碎屑状榍石、绿帘石并未见到溶蚀现象,这与以往研究中对于重矿物稳定性的认识是不一致的,希望能引起未来研究者的重视。 相似文献
14.
通过对江汉平原主要河流沉积物的重矿物组合、特征矿物以及能够反映沉积物稳定状况、物源及成熟度的重矿物特征指数(ATi,GZi和ZTR)进行对比分析,发现在江汉平原范围内,长江和汉江及其长江主要支流的沉积物中重矿物特征具有显著的差异。长江的重矿物组合模型为： 锆石+绿帘石+辉石+绿泥石+金属矿物,特征矿物是锆石和辉石; 汉江的重矿物组合模型为： 绿帘石+角闪石+石榴石+绿泥石+金属矿物,特征矿物是角闪石、石榴石; 另外,清江、漳河、沮水和玛瑙河的重矿物组合及特征矿物也都完全不同。而且各水系的沉积物的重矿物特征与其源区的岩性分布显示出极好的相关性。研究表明在江汉平原利用重矿物特征及组合模型来进行物源示踪的方法开展水系演化研究是可行的。 相似文献
15.
R. Garcia Giménez R. Vigil de la Villa J. A. González Martín 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(7):2125-2137
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the materials developed in the middle Tajo River valley, Central Spain. These
sediments are loess, the characterization of which has not been reported in the international bibliography. The sediments
are related to the next geological context and their characterization is indispensable to locate the said material in the
adequate environment. A few different methods have been employed in this study, such as the pipette method (for determining
the grain size) and separation of the light and heavy minerals of the sand fraction by using bromoform. The mineralogical
composition was determined by XRD and textural study was accomplished by SEM/EDX. The loessic materials are silt-clay or sandy-silt
that are quite unstable. The mineralogical composition shows quartz, feldspar, calcite and clay minerals. Some samples show
gypsum; this mineral and calcite present dissolution and stability problems. The heavy minerals starting from the sand fraction
are tourmaline, zircon, garnet, staurolite, sillimanite and biotite associations. The studies carried out with SEM show that
the quartz grain surfaces present etch pits typical of the wind-blown origin. 相似文献
16.
Zahid A. Khan Ram Chandra Tewari Anshumali Sharma 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2014,84(4):467-474
Heavy mineral analysis of the late Paleozoic Barakar and Raniganj sandstones from the Singrauli Gondwana sub-basin shows relative abundance of garnet, epidote, zircon, tourmaline and muscovite in the Raniganj Sandstone and epidote, garnet, rutile and tourmaline in the Barakar sandstones. Stratigraphically, the heavy mineral crops donot exhibit marked variation in their relative abundance, though garnet, epidote and muscovite form the bulk of the heavy minerals. Significant interspecific association among heavy minerals and provenance of the Barakar and Raniganj sandstones are evaluated by using σ-M multivariate model. Quantitative result suggests that the Barakar Sandstone are characterized by the basic pair match significantly more than expected due to chance alone (p value <<0.05) are garnet-tourmaline and epidote-rutile, whereas, the succeeding Raniganj sandstone are characterized by zircon-rutile and epidote-garnet. These basic pairs may be regarded as interspecific association among the heavy minerals. The basic pairs deduced from heavy mineral suites suggest that the source rocks of late Paleozoic Barakar and Raniganj sandstones have been principally derived from the acid plutonic rocks and low to high grade metasediments lying to the south and southeast of the Singrauli Gondwana sub-basin. 相似文献
17.
Muhammad Hassan Agheem Mohammad Tahir Shah Tahseenullah Khan Mamoru Murata Muhammad Arif Humaira Dars 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3801-3814
A variety of gemstones is being mined in the Shigar valley, Skardu, Pakistan. These include beryl (goshenite and aquamarine), tourmaline (schorl), garnet (almandine–spessartine), apatite, topaz, fluorite, zoisite, clinozoisite, and axinite, mostly occurring in complex or zoned pegmatites and metamorphic rocks. These have been analyzed using electron probe micro-analyzer and X-ray diffractometer. The mineral chemistry of each gemstone is similar to its respective typical gemstone variety with homogenous chemical composition. Field and chemical characteristics suggest that beryl, tourmaline, garnet, apatite, topaz, and fluorite are occurring in zoned pegmatites which are largely formed by magmatic hydrothermal fluids in the cavities and vugs within the intermediate zone. However, zoisite, clinozoisite, and axinite may have a metamorphic and/or metasomatic origin. 相似文献
18.
CHRISTOPH SPÖTL 《Sedimentology》1990,37(5):837-845
Complex aluminium phosphate-sulphate minerals of the hinsdalite group have been identified as early diagenetic precipitates in Late Permian sandstones of the Northern Calcareous Alps, western Austria. According to their chemical composition they can be regarded as solid solutions between woodhouseite, svanbergite, crandallite and goyazite. The model proposed for their origin involves the dissolution of detrital apatite in a low-pH environment and subsequent precipitation of aluminium phosphate-sulphate minerals, which clearly pre-date syntaxial quartz cementation of the sediment. Their occurrence probably has been overlooked in other sandstones showing diagenetic apatite dissolution. The recognition of such minerals could provide a significant insight into early phosphate diagenesis. 相似文献
19.
近年来,鄂尔多斯盆地砂岩型铀矿资源评价取得了较大进展,关于找矿目的层物源和铀源的问题长期以来备受关注。运用重矿物综合分析方法,探讨鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿赋矿层直罗组碎屑物质来源和成矿铀源。结果表明,研究区内直罗组的重矿物组合主要为石榴子石+锆石+绿帘石+黑云母+尖晶石,其次包含少量磷灰石、榍石、金红石、角闪石、电气石、钛铁矿等,反映以中高级变质岩和中酸性岩浆岩为主的母岩类型。重矿物特征指数反映了以含石榴子石变质岩为主要源岩类型和近源沉积的特点。综合分析认为,区内直罗组主要的物源为盆地北部大青山和乌拉山地区的中下太古界–元古界的乌拉山岩群、中元古界扎尔泰群以及各时期的中酸性侵入体等。其中,古老基底变质岩与各时期中酸性岩浆岩普遍具有较高的铀含量,沿着NW–SE方向铀迁出明显,为后期铀成矿作用提供了初始铀源。 相似文献