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1.
Based on a well-established bio- and sequence-stratigraphic framework, a narrow time window in the Bimammatum ammonite zone
(Late Oxfordian) is investigated in six Swiss Jura sections representing a shallow-water carbonate platform. From the detailed
facies and microfacies analysis of oncoid-rich (Hauptmumienbank Member) and ooid-rich (Steinebach Member) limestones, a microfacies
classification is established, depositional environments are interpreted, and a depositional model for the Swiss Jura platform
is proposed. The sequence- and cyclostratigraphic interpretation has been performed for the transgressive part of the medium-scale
sequence Ox6+, independently for each section, with a very high time resolution at the scale of elementary depositional sequences.
The good correlation of the elementary and small-scale sequences between the six studied sections and the similar number of
elementary sequences in all sections strongly suggest that allocyclic processes were involved in their formation. The hierarchically
stacked depositional sequences (small-scale and elementary sequences) result from orbitally controlled sea-level changes with
periodicities of 100 and 20 kyr, respectively. Thickness variations in the correlated small-scale and elementary sequences
imply variable sedimentation rates, probably resulting from differential subsidence due to the activity of tectonic blocks.
The tectonically controlled platform morphology contributed significantly to the general pattern of depositional environments
and, combined with high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, created a complex facies distribution in time and space on the Swiss
Jura carbonate platform. 相似文献
2.
Platform-to-basin correlation by high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy (Berriasian, Switzerland and France) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Based on detailed analyses of facies evolution and stacking pattern of Berriasian carbonate-dominated sections in the Swiss Jura Mountains, the Swiss Ultrahelvetic and the French Vocontian Trough, a high-resolution platform-to-basin correlation is proposed. Biostratigraphical tie points are furnished by ammonites, dinoflagellates, calpionellids, and ostracod-charophyte assemblages. The hierarchical stacking of small-scale depositional sequences reflects Milankovitch cyclicity: sequences corresponding to the 20-, 100-, and, locally, 400-ka orbital cycles can be identified. Elementary (20 ka) sequences on the platform generally consist of one bed of shallow subtidal to intertidal, high- or low-energy carbonate facies, whereas on the slope and in the basin they are commonly developed as limestone-marl couplets. These elementary sequences group into small-scale composite sequences reflecting the first orbital eccentricity cycle (100 ka), which in turn build up large-scale (3rd-order) composite sequences. One 3rd-order sequence has been analysed in detail: according to the cyclostratigraphic interpretation, it took ?2 Myr to form, which is in accordance with the duration of the corresponding ammonite subzones. Sequence-stratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic platform-to-basin correlation shows that for about 900 ka the platform was exposed or only partly flooded, whereas on the slope and in the basin, lowstand deposits with channel fills and slumps accumulated. With rising sea level, accommodation space gradually increased on the platform and a thickening-upward sequential pattern with transgressive facies developed, while in the basin the facies still had lowstand characteristics with thick and nodular limestone beds. This situation lasted about 700 ka. The following 300 ka were characterized by sediment starvation and increased bioturbation on the platform, and by more marly, transgressive sediments on the slope and in the basin. The maximum-flooding phase is more or less isochronous on the platform and in the basin, although the surface with the best-developed maximum-flooding features may be displaced by one or two small-scale composite sequences because of superimposed high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, and/or local variations in substrate morphology and sediment distribution. Third-order highstand conditions prevailed for only about 100 ka. The combination of cyclostratigraphy and high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, constrained by good biostratigraphy, is thus a powerful tool for detailed stratigraphical correlation over long distances and from one sedimentary environment to another. 相似文献
3.
Sediment production and accumulation on shallow carbonate platforms are controlled by allogenic, externally controlled processes
(such as sea level, climate, and/or platform-wide subsidence patterns) as well as by autogenic factors that are inherent to
the sedimentary system (such as lateral migration of sediment bodies). The challenge is to determine how and in which proportion
these processes interacted to create the observed sedimentary record. Here, a case study of Middle Berriasian, shallow-marine
carbonates of the Swiss and French Jura Mountains is presented. Based on vertical facies evolution and bedding surfaces, different
orders of depositional sequences (elementary, small-scale, medium-scale) have been identified in the studied sections. The
hierarchical stacking pattern of these sequences and the time span represented by the investigated interval imply that eustatic
sea-level fluctuations in the Milankovitch frequency band were an important controlling factor. The small-scale and medium-scale
sequences relate to the 100 and 400-kyr orbital eccentricity cycles, respectively. The elementary sequences are attributed
to the 20-kyr precession cycle. Differential subsidence additionally produced accommodation changes. The present study focuses
on one specific small-scale sequence situated at the base of the transgressive systems tract of large-scale sequence Be4,
which is identified also in other European basins. This small-scale sequence has been logged in detail at eight different
outcrops in the Jura Mountains. Detailed facies analysis reveals that different depositional environments (tidal flats, internal
lagoons, open lagoons, carbonate sand shoals) were juxtaposed and evolved through time, often shifting position on the platform.
The boundaries of the small-scale (100-kyr) sequence can be followed over the entire study area and thus must have formed
through predominantly allogenic processes (eustatic sea-level fall, the effect of which was locally modified by differential
subsidence). In two sections, five well-developed elementary sequences constitute the small-scale sequence. In the other sections,
the identification of elementary sequences often is difficult because sedimentation was dominated by autogenic processes that
overruled the influence of sea-level fluctuations. In low-energy, tidal-flat and internal-lagoonal settings, orbitally induced
sea-level changes were recorded more faithfully, while high-energy shoals were mainly submitted to autogenic processes and
the allogenic signal is masked. Consequently, the studied Jura platform experienced a combination of auto- and allogenic processes,
which created a complex facies mosaic and a complex stacking of depositional sequences. Nevertheless, the 100-kyr orbital
signal was strong enough to create correlatable sequence boundaries. Within a 100-kyr sequence, however, the unambiguous definition
of sequences related to the 20-kyr orbital cycle is often difficult and the prediction of their lateral or vertical facies
evolution impossible. 相似文献
4.
The Oxfordian sedimentary successions studied in the Swiss Jura, in Normandy, and in the Soria and Cazorla regions of Spain display complex facies evolution and stacking patterns. Based on biostratigraphy and absolute age dating, it is suggested that the shallow-water depositional settings in the Jura, Normandy, and the Soria region as well as the deeper-water environments in the Cazorla region, recorded climatic and sea-level fluctuations in the Milankovitch frequency band. Beds and bedsets corresponding to 20-, 100-, and 400-ka cyclicities can be identified. Facies evolution inside such small-scale sequences and also in the larger sequences of million-year scale is interpreted in terms of sequence stratigraphy. Superposition of high-frequency cyclicity on a longer-term sea-level trend led to multiplication of diagnostic surfaces: sequence-boundary and maximum-flooding zones in the large-scale sequences can thus be defined. These zones are correlated between closely spaced sections, but also from the Swiss Jura to Normandy and to Spain. The narrow time lines given by Milankovitch cyclicity then allow comparison of facies evolution in the different regions on a scale of 100 ka or less. By filtering out local effects of differential subsidence and sediment supply, a long-term sea-level curve valid for the northwestern margin of the Tethys ocean can be reconstructed for the Middle to Late Oxfordian. Differential subsidence is implied from varying thicknesses of the sequences as well as from the distribution of siliciclastics which have been channelized through depressions. Tilted blocks, reduced sedimentation, or increased input of siliciclastics appearing at the same time in all study areas point to a widespread regional tectonic event. Distribution through the sequences of climate-dependent facies components such as corals, ooids, palynomorphs, and siliciclastics indicates that climate changes were dependent on atmospheric circulation patterns and thus on paleolatitude. Rainy periods and related increase of siliciclastics in the Swiss Jura were more abundant during low sea-level stands, whereas in the Soria region they coincided with sea-level highs. Through the combination of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy, and supported by biostratigraphy and absolute dating, it becomes possible to analyze paleoenvironmental changes in a very narrow time framework. 相似文献
5.
Shallowing-upward sequences in Purbeckian peritidal carbonates (lowermost Cretaceous, Swiss and French Jura Mountains) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ANDRÉ STRASSER 《Sedimentology》1988,35(3):369-383
Purbeckian carbonates in the Swiss and French Jura (Goldberg Formation, lower Berriasian) comprise shallow-subtidal, intertidal, supratidal, low-energy, high-energy, marine, brackish, freshwater, and hypersaline facies. These facies are arranged in small (0–2–1.5 m thick) sequences which display a dominant shallowing-upward component, and which form the fundamental units of the highly structured Purbeckian sedimentary record. Six types of small-scale sequences can be recognized. A: intertidal to supratidal overprinting of shallow lagoonal facies; B: algal-marsh sequence with frequent dolomitization; C: sabkha sequence, often associated with collapse breccia; D: tidal-flat sequence with desiccation features; E: lacustrine sequence; F: terrestrial overprinting of subtidal or intertidal facies. Episodic event deposits such as tempestites are superimposed] Thin transgressive beds which rework elements of the underlying facies are frequently found at the base of the sequences. Green marls and black pebbles are common at the top and indicate long subaerial exposure. The sequences are often incomplete, as subtidal facies may be absent, or their upper part can be eroded. Lateral facies changes are common, which is due to the very shallow and partly emergent Purbeckian platform where various depositional environments were juxtaposed. However, many sequence boundaries are well developed and can be correlated over large parts of the study area. The Purbeckian shallowing-upward sequences were generated by climatically controlled sea-level changes. Autocyclic processes occurred locally, but were overprinted by drops of sea-level affecting the entire platform. The small-scale sequences are most probably related to the 20 000-year cycle of the precession of the equinoxes. Larger sequences with usually well-developed emersion surfaces are attributed to the 100 000 and 400 000-year eccentricity cycles of the Earth's orbit. Identification and correlation of sequence boundaries makes it possible to set up a framework of isochronous surfaces (which often cut across facies boundaries), and thus to interpret in detail the palaeogeographic, sedimentological and diagenetic evolution of the Purbeckian peritidal carbonate environments. 相似文献
6.
为了揭示鄂尔多斯盆地东缘层序地层与沉积相特征,以层序地层学和沉积学理论为指导,对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘保德扒楼沟剖面及周缘上古生界的层序与体系域界面类型、层序结构、沉积相类型及沉积演化进行研究。依据区域性不整合面、下切谷冲刷面、海侵方向转换面和区域性海退面等层序界面将研究区上古生界划分为7个三级层序,分别对应于本溪组、太原组2段、太原组1段、山西组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组和石千峰组。保德扒楼沟及周缘上古生界剖面发育16种岩石类型和8种岩石组合。区内上古生界发育障壁海岸相、碳酸盐岩台地相、辫状河相和曲流河相。SQ1-SQ3中低位体系域发育风化壳和潮道亚相,海侵体系域发育潮坪亚相和潟湖亚相,高位体系域发育碳酸盐岩台地相、潟湖亚相和潮坪亚相;SQ4-SQ7中低位体系域发育辫状河河床亚相,海侵体系域主要发育曲流河泛滥平原亚相,高位体系域主要发育多期曲流河河床亚相—堤岸亚相—泛滥平原亚相的演化序列。区内上古生界经历了由障壁海岸相和碳酸盐岩台地相向河流相的演化过程,沉积演化主要受物源供给、海平面变化和构造活动的控制。 相似文献
7.
Climatic, oceanographic and ecological changes that control the formation and deposition of sediment in shallow and deep depositional environments commonly occur with periodicities of a few 10 000 years. Consequently, in order to interpret sedimentary sequences in the geological past, high time resolution is required. This is best obtained by cyclostratigraphy. Three sections have been studied in the Oxfordian of north-eastern Spain: one represents a shallow, siliciclastic-carbonate platform with repetitive subaerial exposures, one an intraplatform basin with sponge bioherms, and one a swell where iron ooids and glauconite formed. The platform section displays a well-defined stacking pattern of depositional sequences; the deeper-water sections are well dated by ammonites. The correlation between the three sections is a best-fit solution integrating biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy. It is concluded that the small-scale depositional sequences formed in tune with the 100-ka orbital eccentricity cycle. An additional factor was differential subsidence that ruled basin morphology. 相似文献
8.
The Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate-dominated lithofacies of Israel reflect a complex interplay between tectonics, sea-level change, and palaeoecology. Improved correlation based on revision of the bio- and chronostratigraphic framework has enabled the establishment of a sequence-stratigraphic model comprising five sequences delineated by four sequence boundaries, in the Late Cenomanian–Early Coniacian interval. The Late Cenomanian–Turonian succession begins with prograding, highstand, carbonate-platform deposits of the first sequence. Interruption of progradation and drowning of this platform took place within the Late Cenomanian guerangeri Zone (=the vibrayeanus Zone in Israel), resulting in a drowning unconformity which is regarded as a Type 3 sequence boundary (labelled CeUp). The drowning is attributed in part to extinctions in the rudist-dominated biofacies (e.g., Caprinidae), which led to reduced carbonate production and enhanced the impact of the sea-level rise. Similar drowning of Tethyan platforms around the C/T boundary has been linked to the establishment of coastal upwelling and consequent eutrophication. Outer ramp hemipelagic facies (Derorim and the Lower Ora formations) replaced the platform carbonates, thickening substantially southwards in the Eshet-Zenifim Basin of southern Israel. Along the ancient continental slope (Mediterranean coastal plain) evidence of this drowning is obscured by submarine erosion, while in central and northern Israel the drowned section is represented by condensation or a hiatus, reflecting an elevated, sediment-starved sea-floor. A carbonate platform dominated by rudistid shoals (‘Meleke’ Member; Shivta Formation) was re-established in the Judean hills and northern Negev during the middle part of the Turonian coloradoense Zone (local zone T4). Later, during kallesi Zone times (T7), the platform facies prograded southwards towards the Eshet-Zenifim intra-shelf basin. The drowning succession and overlying resurrected carbonate platform are topped in central and southern Israel by a pronounced Type 1 sequence boundary (Tu1) between the kallesi (T7) and ornatissimum (T8) zones (Middle Turonian). In central Israel and northern Negev the sequence boundary is overlain by lowstand deposits of the ‘Clastic Unit’ and by the transgressive and highstand inner to mid-ramp deposits of the Nezer and Upper Bina formations. In the southern Negev the sequence boundary is overlain by lowstand and transgressive systems tracts of mixed carbonates, siliciclastics, and localized evaporites (Upper Ora Formation), and then by mid to inner ramp carbonates of the Gerofit Formation. The latter represents a very high rate of accumulation, indicating rapid, continued subsidence balanced by platform growth. The Tu2 sequence boundary of the Late Turonian is expressed in the southern Negev by a shift from inner ramp carbonates of the Gerofit Formation to outer ramp chalky limestones of the Zihor Formation, indicating localized drowning. The succeeding Co1 sequence boundary again indicates localized drowning of the prograding highstand deposits of the Zihor Formation (‘Transition Zone’) overlain by Lower Coniacian transgressive deposits of the upper part of the Zihor Formation. All of these third-order sequences are expressed in southern Israel, where the rate of subsidence was in balance with sea-level fluctuations. In contrast, the Judean Hills and eastern Galilee areas have a more incomplete succession, characterized by hiatuses and condensation, because of reduced subsidence. More distal areas of continuous deep-water deposition in western Galilee and the coastal plain failed to record the Middle Turonian lowstand, while a longer term, second-order sequence spanning the entire Late Cenomanian–Early Coniacian interval, is present in the Carmel and Yirka Basin areas. 相似文献
9.
四川盆地东北部长兴组层序地层与储层分布 总被引：52，自引：4，他引：48
四川盆地东北部的二叠系长兴组为一套碳酸盐岩地层。宣汉盘龙洞剖面详尽研究表明,长兴组可分为两个三级层序:第1层序的海侵体系域由开阔台地滩间相沉积组成,高位体系域为台地边缘礁滩相沉积;第2层序的海侵体系域为浅滩沉积,高位体系域为暴露浅滩相-蒸发潮坪相沉积。长兴组中层序界面主要有水下间断不整合面和暴露侵蚀不整合面两类,相当于PeterVail的II类层序界面。在层序地层研究的基础上,对长兴组储层的时空分布特点进行了系统研究。研究发现,储层与层序地层关系密切,储层主要发育在层序的高水位体系域中:礁滩相储层位于第1层序的高位体系域中,而暴露浅滩-蒸发潮坪储层则主要产在第2层序的高水位体系域中。长兴组层序地层格架图以及层序高水位体系域沉积相平面图的编制,成为预测储层二维空间分布的基础。结果表明,礁滩相储层分布于通江—开县碳酸盐台地的东西两侧,暴露浅滩-蒸发潮坪储层遍布于通江—开县的碳酸盐台地及其东西两侧地区之中。两个层序高位体系域中的储层岩石孔隙丰富,储集条件较好,分布面积较广,从而成为研究区域油气勘探的重要目的层。 相似文献
10.
大连地区甘井子组是辽宁重要的新元古界层位,发育大量的碳酸盐岩.运用经典层序地层学理论,通过对野外实测剖面的综合分析,对大连地区新元古界震旦系甘井子组进行层序地层学研究,共识别出5个层序界面,划分了4个三级层序,15个准层序组和55个准层序.甘井子组碳酸盐岩沉积可划分为局限台地亚相和开阔台地亚相,进一步划分为潟湖、潮坪、潮下低能和浅滩微相.运用区域大地构造和天文旋回方法对甘井子组环境演化进行探讨,认为其经历了局限台地→开阔台地→局限台地的演化过程.受扬子旋回末期低幅度的构造升降作用影响,大连地区南关岭期末期—甘井子期出现了5次短暂暴露,形成了5个层序界面.同时受周期性天文旋回的影响形成了准层序、层对等高频旋回.通过对大连地区甘井子组进行层序地层和沉积演化研究,为探索辽东南地区的油气资源提供依据. 相似文献
11.
Z. Liu H. C. Jia J. X. Tian Y. H. Chen C. Y. Dong 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(3):431-458
The Qaidam Basin is a Mesozoic–Cenozoic compresso-shearing basin in western China. This basin has been subsiding since the Indosinian orogeny, and the subsidence is a strongly inherited feature in its Quaternary development. Five third-order sequences (SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4 and SQ5) were recognised using drilling/logging, coring and seismic data analysis. Each sequence was further divided into transgressive systems tract and regressive systems tract based on the maximum flooding surface. A sequence stratigraphic framework was established that revealed the distribution of sedimentary systems. Seven depositional systems, namely, alluvial fan, fan delta, braided-delta, shore lacustrine, shallow lacustrine, semi-deep lacustrine and incised valley depositional system, were identified from 105 well logs and 2?D seismic lines covering 1600?km. The sedimentary system distribution was identified as follows: (1) large-scale alluvial deposit located on the southern slope and adjacent to Kunlun Mountain and Yaber tectonic zone located northeast of the study area; (2) braided-delta deposits southeast of the Sanhu area; (3) widely developed fan-delta sediments on the base of Qigequan Formation in the Yaber tectonic zone; (4) well-deposited shoal lacustrine facies along the depositional strike in the regressive systems tract; (5) widely distributed shallow lacustrine facies; and (6) incised valley with large lateral extension and incision depth as an entity at the front of the Golmud Basin in the Sanhu area. Two different depositional models, namely, east and west models, were built by conducting an integrated analysis of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary process. In the Sanhu area, the main controlling factors of the sequence architecture and depositional systems associations of the Qigequan Formation are tectonic subsidence and climate change with sediment supply and lake-level fluctuation secondary factors. This case study provides an example of the analyses of sequence stratigraphy and depositional systems in a salinised plateau basin. The approach combines seismic and sedimentary facies analysis to investigate Quaternary deposition and stratigraphy. The low-amplitude tectonic belt on the northern slope and the lithological traps on the southern slope are predicted to be favourable for the lithological gas reservoirs. 相似文献
12.
综合利用岩心和测井资料,系统总结了松辽盆地南部乾安地区上白垩统青山口组三段高分辨率层序界面的识别标志,建立了高分辨率层序地层格架,对高分辨率层序地层格架内地层叠置特征进行了探讨,并进一步分析了层序地层格架内河道砂体展布特征及沉积相演化规律。识别出冲刷面、底部滞留沉积和滑塌沉积3种高分辨率层序界面识别标志,以及泥岩颜色转换和含油性变化2类辅助性证据,在此基础上将青三段划分为2个三级层序(SQ1,SQ2)、13个四级层序(HFSQ1-HFSQ13),层序内可进一步划分出湖侵体系域(LTST)和湖退体系域(LRST)。四级层序体系域内识别出单向加深A1型、单向加深A2型、单向变浅B型、复合对称C1型和复合对称C2型共5类四级层序结构;三级层序湖平面升降可划分为4个阶段,各阶段内四级层序组合模式各不相同。根据砂体连井对比和平面相分析成果,结合体系域阶段划分,在研究区青三段高分辨率层序地层格架内共总结出4类沉积模式。其中,湖退体系域早期沉积模式砂体分区叠置,河道平面呈分支树杈状。湖退体系域晚期沉积模式砂体规模最大,整体连片叠置,河道平面呈网络交织状,分流河道间湾在河道间呈零星点状分布。湖侵体系域早期沉积模式砂体规模较小,孤立分布,河道平面呈分支树杈状。湖侵体系域晚期沉积模式砂体规模最小,零星分布,河道平面呈曲流状—分支树杈状。 相似文献
13.
以高分辨率层序地层学理论为指导,通过对鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区上三叠统延长组典型露头剖面及岩心观察、描述的基础上,结合大量测井曲线,详细地分析了延长组不同级次层序界面的识别标志。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区上三叠统延长组由1个超长期旋回,4个长期旋回,9个中期旋回及若干个短期旋回组成。由于印支运动的影响,在研究区形成了两个区域性的构造运动升降面(SLSB2和SLSB1),该界面为超长期旋回的顶、底界面。长期旋回层序为一套区域性湖进-湖退沉积序列,界面是低角度的侵蚀不整合面和与其相应的整合面。研究区3个长期旋回层序界面自下而上依次为:区域性基准面抬升所形成的水进界面,相当于"李家畔页岩";区域性的泥岩、凝灰岩标志层,相当于长6油层组底部的k2标志层;区域性的相转换界面,相当于长4 5和长3的分界面。中期旋回和短期旋回层序界面主要为不同级次的湖泛面、冲刷侵蚀面、岩石类型或相组合的转换面、岩石相内部的层理变化界面、砂泥岩厚度旋回性变化界面等。在界面识别的基础上,对研究区沉积旋回及界面的空间配置进行了分析,认为不同级次界面的识别是高精度层序地层研究的核心,对于油田勘探和开发具有至关重要的作用。 相似文献
14.
Middle Tithonian-Berriasian shallow platform carbonates of the Maestrat Basin (Salzedella and Montanejos sections, NE Spain) are stacked in sequence stratigraphic units of different orders. Higher-order sequences (parasequences and subunits) have a shallowing or deepening-shallowing evolution. They have been related to the short-term eccentricity and precession cycles. Major facies changes and stacking pattern of parasequences reveal the presence of two 2nd-order sequences. The Lower Sequence is middle Tithonian-mid early Berriasian in age. The Upper Sequence extends up to the mid-late Berriasian. It is suggested that local subsidence changes along with regional sea-level changes controlled the long-term evolution of accommodation in the Maestrat Basin. Facies evolution, stacking pattern and sharp lithological changes have allowed the definition of five 3rd-order sequences in the Lower Sequence in Montanejos. The transgressive deposits are characterised by the progressive absence of the restricted lagoon facies, and the presence of deepening-upward intervals in the parasequences. The highstand deposits display an increase in siliciclastics and a progressive predominance of restricted lagoon facies. Some of the 3rd-order sequence boundaries match the sequence boundaries identified in other European basins and may be related to sea-level falls (induced by the long-term eccentricity cycle) enhanced during periods of long-term loss of accommodation. 相似文献
15.
Marginal marine deposits of the John Henry Member, Upper Cretaceous Straight Cliffs Formation, were deposited within a moderately high accommodation and high sediment supply setting that facilitated preservation of both transgressive and regressive marginal marine deposits. Complete transgressive–regressive cycles, comprising barrier island lagoonal transgressive deposits interfingered with regressive shoreface facies, are distinguished based on their internal facies architecture and bounding surfaces. Two main types of boundaries occur between the transgressive and regressive portions of each cycle: (i) surfaces that record the maximum regression and onset of transgression (bounding surface A); and (ii) surfaces that place deeper facies on top of shallower facies (bounding surface B). The base of a transgressive facies (bounding surface A) is defined by a process change from wave‐dominated to tide‐dominated facies, or a coaly/shelly interval indicating a shift from a regressive to a transgressive regime. The surface recording such a process change can be erosional or non‐erosive and conformable. A shift to deeper facies occurs at the base of regressive shoreface deposits along both flooding surfaces and wave ravinement surfaces (bounding surface B). These two main bounding surfaces and their subtypes generate three distinct transgressive – regressive cycle architectures: (i) tabular, shoaling‐upward marine parasequences that are bounded by flooding surfaces; (ii) transgressive and regressive unit wedges that thin basinward and landward, respectively; and (iii) tabular, transgressive lagoonal shales with intervening regressive coaly intervals. The preservation of transgressive facies under moderately high accommodation and sediment supply conditions greatly affects stratigraphic architecture of transgressive–regressive cycles. Acknowledging variation in transgressive–regressive cycles, and recognizing transgressive successions that correlate to flooding surfaces basinward, are both critical to achieving an accurate sequence stratigraphic interpretation of high‐frequency cycles. 相似文献
16.
河流相层序地层构成模式探讨 总被引：41，自引：4，他引：37
冲积-河流相是我国中、新生代陆相盆地重要油气储集层系类型之一。由于河流相层序地层成因和相构成的复杂性,以被动大陆边缘地震地层学研究为基础、以三分体系域构成为地层预测模式的经典层序地层学分析方法并不一定适合河流相储层。本文以河流相沉积学研究为基础,运用以基准面旋回为参照面的高分辨率层序地层理论和研究方法分析了河流相层序地层单元的构成,建立了主要储层的地质-地震解释模型,并以胜利油田垦东地区上第三系馆陶组为例说明河流相层序构成特征和地质-地震解释方法。 相似文献
17.
The Lower Eocene Ametlla Formation of the Ager Basin, Spanish Pyrenees, is a rapidly deposited shallow marine unit formed in a setting characterized by syn-sedimentary tectonic activity. Mapping of the formation over a distance of 25 km was conducted according to sequence stratigraphical principles with emphasis on facies analysis. Twelve facies, grouped in five facies associations, have been recognized in the Ametlla Formation. The studied succession records a vertical transition from deltaic systems prograding onto a sediment-starved shelf, via estuarine deposits associated with incised valleys, to sandbar complexes in a tidal seaway. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, three scales of genetic sedimentary units were recognized. (1) At the regional scale, elements of two 3rd-order composite sequences (sensu Exxon) have been recognized. These include a 3rd-order highstand sequence set encompassing the lowermost part of the Ametlla Formation and the underlying Passarella Formation, and a 3rd-order transgressive sequence set that constitutes the middle parts of the Ametlla Formation. The sequence sets are separated by an unconformity with up to 35 m of incision that is interpreted as a major sequence boundary. It is argued that the incised valleys associated with this unconformity were infilled during landward-stepping of the shelfal depositional system. Basinwards, the unconformable surface becomes subhorizontal and is overlain by a 2 m thick oyster bed formed in a sediment-starved setting subsequent to flooding of the incised valleys (which still acted as sediment conduits). Sandstones dominate the transgressive sequence set, whereas the highstand sequence set is dominated by siltstones, particularly in the lower part. In the transgressive sequence set, an upward increase in sand content and calibre is observed, relatable to punctuations of the transgressive trend by high-frequency sea-level fluctuations, and to downslope redistribution of sand. (2) At the subregional scale, detailed mapping indicates the presence of five 4th-order sequences. The 4th-order sequence boundaries are associated with sediment bypassing and minimal erosional relief, and were created by forced regressions during periods of relative sea-level fall. Sharp-based sandstones overlying these unconformities are believed to have accumulated during subsequent rise of relative sea-level. Where 4th-order maximum flooding surfaces can be recognized, the sequences may be subdivided into a sandstone-dominated transgressive systems tract and a siltstone-dominated highstand systems tract. (3) At the local scale, 2–9 5th-order parasequences are present within the 4th-order sequences. Superimposed parasequences are separated by flooding surfaces characterized by bioclastic accumulations, pervasive burrowing and extensive calcite cementation. The parasequences are commonly stacked in a landward-stepping manner. 相似文献
18.
随着近年来塔里木盆地勘探开发的逐步深入,志留系地层已经成为众多学者的研究热点。本文应用层序地层研究方法,利用钻井、测井、地震及实验分析资料,通过对岩石地层、测井地层、生物地层、地震地层等资料的综合分析,将塔里木盆地志留系地层划分为3个三级层序,SQ1对应柯坪塔格组下段,SQ2对应柯坪塔格组中上段,SQ3对应塔塔埃尔塔格组。每个层序由海侵体系域和高位体系域组成,不发育低位体系域。对层序格架内的沉积类型和沉积相展布进行分析,认为主要发育扇三角洲相-有障壁潮坪相-浅海相。 相似文献
19.
Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea Level Changes in Sinian System of Yichang, Hubei Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wang Ziqiang 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1996,(1)
TheSinianseCtionintheYangtZeGorges,YichangisthestfstotypesectionfortheNeoproterozoicofChina.Manydetailedresearchesonbiostratigraphyandlithostratigraphyhavebeendonethere.ThedetailedolltcropsequencestratigraphyisoneofthemainworkinsyntheSizedstratigraphy.Inthispaper,somenewprogressachievedinthisseCtionisintroduced.~NAGorsrviXNsvInordertosetupanewstratigraphicsyStembelowCambrianintheglobalstratigraphicframework,anintensiveresearchontheSilvanSyStemhasbeenconductedinChinasincethe1970s,andas… 相似文献
20.
采用EXXON公司"Vail"学派的观点,将晚二叠世划分为2个三级层序。层序Ⅰ发育低位体系域、海侵体系域及高位体系域,比较完整。层序Ⅱ只发育海侵体系域及高位体系域。通过绘制各种单因素等值线图,并与单井剖面相和连井剖面相分析相结合,从点到线再到面,展开古地理分析。2个层序均反映出海侵自东向西的脉动推进、东深西浅的格局,从而产生了潮坪三角洲-海湾(泻湖)-潮坪-浅海沉积模式在垂向上和平面上的展布特征,其中海湾-潮坪及碳酸盐台地构成了研究区基本骨架。物源区主要来自西部康滇古陆。总体上晚二叠世研究区遭遇了一个海水自东北向西南不断侵进的过程,因此成煤环境随着海平面的上升而不断向西南迁移。煤层主要发育在海湾-潮坪环境里,其次为低地残积平原。 相似文献