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针对格型钢板桩结构的三种建模方法(考虑板桩间铰接特性,用壳体单元模拟板桩的有限元模型;不考虑板桩间铰接特性,用壳体单元模拟板桩的有限元模型;将格体看做一个整体,用实体单元模拟板桩的有限元模型)进行分析,对各种建模方法得出的关于稳定性、破坏模式、格体环向应力、格体内外土体压力的相关结论进行比较,得到适合工程应用的建模方法。结果表明:三种有限元模型中,考虑板桩间铰接特性的壳体单元模型,因其考虑因素全面,是最准确的模型。对于重要工程,应采用考虑板桩间铰接特性的壳体单元模型进行计算。对于一般工程结构,在稳定性分析方面,三种有限元模型都很适用,由于壳体单元模型收敛性较差,建议采用比较成熟的实体单元模型进行简化;对于破坏模式和板桩间环向应力,建议采用不考虑板桩间铰接作用的壳体单元模型进行简化;对于结构背浪侧格型钢板桩结构格体外侧土体最大被动土压力和格内土体压力,采用不考虑板桩间铰接特性的壳体单元模型进行估算。结论对工程数值建模运算具有指导意义。 相似文献
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This paper describes a unique new physical testing facility for studying ocean-structure–seabed interactions, and in particular pipeline on-bottom stability on erodible seabed under hydrodynamic loading. The facility, named the O-tube due to its shape, is a fully enclosed flume in which ambient and storm-induced near-seabed flows are generated by a computer-controlled flow pump. Combined steady and oscillatory flow can be generated by alternating pump flow directions in a controlled manner, and computer control also allows irregular flow to be generated. The design of the O-tube combines the capabilities of a conventional open channel flume (which provides steady current) with a U-tube (which provides oscillatory flow). The facility is designed to physically model severe storm conditions, as well as ambient or tidal flows. When studying pipeline stability on erodible seabed under severe hydrodynamic loading conditions, tests can be performed at a relatively large scale (typically 1/5) for large diameter pipelines (e.g. 40 in. gas trunklines) and at full scale for small diameter pipelines (< 8 in.) to minimize potential scaling effects associated with movable bed model tests. The specifications of the O-tube, a model pipe and an actuator system that supports the model pipe are given in detail. Preliminary model testing results show that the facility has met its design expectations. 相似文献
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海南万宁岬湾海岸海滩稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岬湾海岸海滩的稳定性及其演变是砂质海岸研究的重要内容。基于多期遥感影像、海滩沉积物粒度分布,并采用岬湾海滩平衡形态模型(MEPBAY),分析探讨了海南岛东部万宁4个典型岬湾海岸海滩的稳定性及其模型的应用。研究表明,除东澳湾凸角处于不稳定状态,其余海岸处于静态或准静态平衡状态;岬湾海滩沉积物粒度在遮蔽段和开敞段有明显的差异,相邻海滩之间没有明显的泥沙交换,每个岬湾海滩都是相对独立的地貌单元;模型中上岬角控制点选取应考虑岛礁及水下礁坪;抛物线模型可以拓展应用于有离岸岛情况下的海湾。研究成果可为岬湾海滩的稳定性评估和管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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研究门架式水力插板桩的抗倾覆稳定性,以确定其入土深度和工程安全以及工程造价。通过对目前较常用双排桩的稳定性计算分析,提出了1种新的桩土整体抗倾覆稳定计算模型,即将双排桩和桩间土视为1个整体,考虑双排桩桩间土的剪切破坏面随双排桩入土深度的变化,给出了门架式水力插板桩抗倾覆稳定性计算方法。并通过1个实例计算,验证了本文计算方法的可行性和一些有意义的结论。 相似文献
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Capsizing of ships constitutes a primary group of casualties that leads to loss of life and money. Unfortunately, its mechanism has yet to be fully resolved due to underlying complex dynamics and parameters. Upon studying the causes in more detail, designing safer ships against capsizing may become a reality. In the present study, a relatively different approach called “reserve of stability” or “stability margins” which utilizes both statical and nonlinear dynamical aspects of stability is employed to analyze ship hydrodynamics. For this purpose a nonlinear roll model in beam waves has been implemented. In order to apply the theory, a capsized vessel is chosen to be analyzed in terms of stability. The necessary data about the vessel at the time of capsizing were collected from the published work found in the naval architecture literature. Suggestions are made based on the results of the analysis to improve ship stability qualities in a seaway. 相似文献
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A barotropic model on the -plane is used to consider the problem of mushroom-like flow formation. The method of contour dynamics is applied to investigate the evolution of a bounded jet flow whose linear axi is identified with a rigid wall. The quasi-stationary form of the flow's head part and the velocity of its propagation have been found. The stability of the stationary solution has been studied.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
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The prediction of rubble mound breakwaters' stability is one of the most important issues in coastal and maritime engineering. The stability of breakwaters strongly depends on the wave height. Therefore, selection of an appropriate wave height parameter is very vital in the prediction of stability number. In this study, H50, the average of the 50 highest waves that reach the breakwater in its useful life, was used to predict the stability of the armor layer. First, H50 was used instead of the significant wave height in the most recent stability formulas. It was found that this modification yields more accurate results. Then, for further improvement of the results, two formulas were developed using model tree.To develop the new formulas, two experimental data sets of irregular waves were used. Results indicated that the proposed formulas are more accurate than the previous ones for the prediction of the stability parameter. Finally, the proposed formulas were applied to regular waves and a wide range of damage levels and it was seen that the developed formulas are applicable in these cases as well. 相似文献
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The Incremental Differential Quadrature Method (IDQM) was applied to a tidal and surge model of the Bristol Channel, UK. The method is considered as an alternative new numerical technique in the field of marine hydraulics and its performance was examined through this case study. For validation of the simulated results, tide gauge data along the Bristol Channel was used. Another well known 1D model (MIKE11) and a quasi-3D model (POLCOMS) provided more insight into the flow pattern of the estuary and additional validation data. Similar to MIKE11, IDQM is unconditionally stable and so time steps of around 45 min achieved good results for the Bristol Channel, whereas for methods which are restricted to the CFL criterion (e.g. explicit finite differencing schemes), the time step is limited to around 3 min. Since there is no stability constraint in IDQM, the time step must be selected with reference to accuracy rather than stability. The usefulness of IDQM was also demonstrated by using a small number of grid points (11 along the 110 km length of the Bristol Channel) to produce accurate results. Based on the results of this case study, it is concluded that IDQM can be successfully implemented for 1D modelling of tidal elevations and surges in non-prismatic irregular channels. 相似文献
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RESEARCH ON DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN SEAWATER 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the principle of laminar flow-constant potential-chronocoulometry, this article presents a new method of determining the dissolved oxygen in seawater with considerable success. A new model of electrochemical sensor has been designed for this purpose.The sensor has the advantage of overcoming hysteresis and "outskirts effect", thus increasing its stability and prolonging its use to 1-2 years.In connection with this new method a new model SY-1 integrating microcoulorneter with digital display is designed.It is a fast (a sample/2 min) and accurate (±1 - 1.5%) method, suitable for use in the laboratory on board a ship. 相似文献
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In 1973, Vance published a mathematical model that explains differences in reproductive strategies such as planktotrophy and lecithotrophy found in marine invertebrates. The original model Vance (The American Naturalist, 107 , 339–352) traded fecundity against development time and resulted in a U‐shaped fitness function suggesting that only extreme levels of egg provisioning (referred to as egg size) are evolutionarily stable. Several later models independently predicted evolutionary stability of extreme egg sizes, and this has been commonly interpreted as a proof that the Vance model, albeit oversimplified, reflects the fundamental evolutionary principle of disruptive egg size evolution in marine invertebrates. However, empirical studies of the last several decades have illustrated that intermediate levels of egg provisioning are commonly observed in nature. As a result, the recent modifications of the original Vance model have attempted to explain evolution of such intermediate strategies. Here we re‐examine the earlier fecundity‐time models of the ‘Vance family’ and show that only Vance and its minor modification by Grant (The American Naturalist, 122 , 549–555) invariably predict evolutionary stability of extreme egg sizes. Most modifications of the original Vance model in fact can predict at least some intermediate optimal egg sizes and reproductive strategies. There is no reason to assume that selection towards extreme egg sizes is the driving force in the evolution of marine invertebrate life histories. 相似文献
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波浪作用下缆船拖带系统非线性运动数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于船舶操纵性运动方程和拖缆的三维动力学运动方程,提出了被拖点位置匹配的方法,建立了拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统整体非线性拖带动力学模型。为了考察被拖船航向稳定性与横向稳性的关系以及波浪载荷作用的影响,被拖船采用水平面四自由度运动方程,并引入了波浪的作用力和力矩。拖船采用PD控制方法较真实地模拟了拖船航向改变的运动过程。对一个拖船—拖缆—被拖船系统(5 000 t的拖船和3 000 t的被拖船)在时域内进行了规则波浪作用下拖带运动的模拟,计算结果表明被拖带船舶在波浪中运动呈现运动稳定、不稳定和临界状态3种可能的特性。根据模拟计算结果,认为波浪中拖带航向稳定是被拖带船舶保持稳性的必要条件。 相似文献
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长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnusalalunga)是主要的经济性金枪鱼鱼种之一,其空间分布与环境因子存在着密切联系。利用2012—2019年印度洋长鳍金枪鱼生产数据和海洋环境数据,包括海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、叶绿素浓度(chlorophyll a, chl a)和海表面盐度(sea surface salinity, SSS)构建印度洋长鳍金枪鱼时空分布神经网络模型。以空间(经度,纬度)、环境因子(SST, chl a, SSS)为解释变量,局部渔获量为因变量,变化隐含层节点数,构建了18个BP空间分布模型,并采用10×10交叉验证模型稳定性,以均方误差(meansquareerror,MSE)、平均相对方差(averagerelativevariance,ARV)以及拟合优度(R~2)作为不同模型精度与稳定性的评判标准,最终选取5-18-1(隐含层节点18)模型为最佳模型,其平均MSE值为0.02232,平均ARV值为0.511。利用最优模型预测结果与同期实际捕捞产量进行叠加对比发现两者具有一致性。环境因子敏感性分析表明海表温度显著影响印度洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场分布,其贡献率达到0.2。印度洋长鳍金枪鱼高精度BP神经网络时空分布模型为其资源的可持续开发与动态管理提供了一种新思路。 相似文献
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A. V. Desherevskii V. I. Zhuravlev A. N. Nikolsky A. Ya. Sidorin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(8):847-858
We compare algorithms designed to extract quasiperiodic components of a signal and estimate the amplitude, phase, stability, and other characteristics of a rhythm in a sliding window in the presence of data gaps. Each algorithm relies on its own rhythm model; therefore, it is necessary to use different algorithms depending on the research objectives. The described set of algorithms and methods is implemented in the WinABD software package, which includes a time-series database management system, a powerful research complex, and an interactive data-visualization environment. 相似文献
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《Ocean Modelling》2001,3(1-2):33-50
Stability problems of algebraic non-equilibrium second-moment closure models have given rise to the so-called quasi-equilibrium versions in which turbulence equilibrium is used as an additional constraint. In this paper, we investigate reasons for the failure of the G.L. Mellor, T. Yamada [Reviews of Geophysics 20 (1982) 851] level 2.5 closure model and suggest a remedy for this. We further discuss a new non-equilibrium closure model by V.M. Canuto, A. Howard, Y. Cheng, M.S. Dubovikov (Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2000, accepted for publication) which has proven to allow for stable calculations. All models are then numerically tested with a simple wind entrainment experiment motivated by the H. Kato, O.M. Phillips [Journal of Fluid Mechanics 37 (1969) 643] laboratory experiment, with the aid of which the instability of the Mellor and Yamada (1982) and the stability of the Canuto et al. (2000) model are confirmed. The Canuto et al. (2000) model has three advantages compared to the Mellor and Yamada (1982) which are (i) the symmetry of stability functions, (ii) a higher critical Richardson number, and (iii) that the normalised shear stress increases with normalised shear for turbulence equilibrium. The latter advantage of the new model causes its high physical and numerical stability. 相似文献
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O. SaoutP. Ananthakrishnan 《Applied Ocean Research》2011,33(2):158-167
A theoretical methodology to determine the open-loop directional stability of a near-surface underwater vehicle is presented. It involves a solution of coupled sway and yaw equations of motion in a manner similar to that carried out for surface ships. The stability derivatives are obtained numerically through simulation of motions corresponding to planar motion mechanism (PMM) model tests. For the numerical simulation, a boundary-integral method based on the mixed Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is developed. The free-surface effect on the vehicle stability is determined by comparing the results with that obtained for vehicle motion in infinite fluid. The methodology was used to determine the stability of the Florida Atlantic University’s Ocean EXplorer (OEX) AUV. The presence of the free surface, through radiation damping, is found to suppress unsteady oscillations and thereby enhance the directional stability of the vehicle. With effects of free surface, forward speed, location and geometry of rudders, location of the center of gravity etc. all being significant factors affecting stability, a general conclusion cannot be drawn on their combined effect on the vehicle stability. The present computational methodology is therefore a useful tool to determine an underwater vehicle’s stability for a given configuration and thus the viability of an intended mission a priori. 相似文献
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