共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 750 毫秒
1.
Based on input–output table to measure inter-industry R&D technology spillover, this paper introduces inter-industry R&D technology spillover into panel econometric model for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions factor analysis. Using the panel data of 34 industrial sectors in China from 2005 to 2014, the results reveal that there is an inverted “U-shaped” nonlinear relationship between R&D technology spillover (intensity) and carbon emission; it is estimated that R&D technology spillover can reduce carbon emission currently; the indirect impact of R&D technology spillovers or spillovers intensity through R&D intensity on carbon emissions is also beneficial to carbon emission reduction; at last, this study suggests that industrial sectors should improve R&D intensity and strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation with other related sectors for the purpose of R&D technology spillover increase and CO2 emissions reduction. 相似文献
2.
In the midst of global economic and financial integration, there are increasing cross-border capital flows between China and the rest of the world. Foreign financial businesses also start to play more important roles in the nation’s market after waves of financial reforms. Within such a background, this study aims to investigate the agglomeration and location choice of overseas financial institutions in Chinese cities. Data from the 2004 China Economic Census show that foreign financial establishments, including banks, insurance companies, and other financial service businesses, were mainly agglomerated in coastal cities. In particular, three major urban areas, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou, concentrated a majority of overseas financial institutions. Results from regression models show that foreign businesses’ location choice is greatly influenced by a city’s urban economy, involvement in the global market, and telecommunication infrastructure. However, we do not find a significant link between foreign financial institutions’ market entry and the size of domestic financial centers in China. 相似文献
3.
《Geoforum》2015
This paper examines the effect of cluster organisations on the international competitive advantages of clusters in the European life sciences industry. Data on coordinated cluster organisations are used to assess whether cluster development policies enhance the attractiveness of clusters to multinational corporations (MNCs). We estimate mixed logit models using a sample of 481 greenfield investments by life sciences MNCs in West-European regions during the period 2010–2013. Contrary to the beliefs of policymakers, our results indicate that both the presence of cluster organisations and higher-order activities of cluster organisations have only a small effect in attracting greenfield investments. In addition, cluster organisations help attract economic activities with less specific location requirements, such as production plants and sales and marketing offices. This finding provides valuable insights for policymakers, as investing public funds in cluster organisations is not found to attract high value-added business activities, such as those that occur in headquarters and R&D facilities, which are often the target of such investments. 相似文献
4.
The motivation of alluring foreign investment is an important landmark of post Mao's economic policies, and has made a great contribution to China's current economic growth. One of the major types of foreign investments in the People's Republic of China has been Foreign Joint Ventures (FJVs). Analysis of FJVs helps us understand the impacts of China's economic reforms. This paper thoroughly scrutinizes the statistics of Foreign Joint Ventures during the period of 1979 to 1985. It concludes that the spatial distribution of foreign joint venture investment indicates three locational considerations: (i) the locational advantages of the eastern coastal region where over 90% of joint venture investment has occurred; (ii) the presence of a well-established industrial and commercial infrastructure, as China's largest industrial and commercial centers have also been the largest receivers of foreign investment; and (iii) historical Sino-foreign economic and cultural relations before 1949, as post 1979 foreign investments have often been concentrated in the foreign countries' former spheres of influence. It has also been found that differences exist in the type and location of investment among the major Western investors. 相似文献
5.
Determining factors of the development of a national financial center: the case of China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
This study explores, theoretically and empirically, one of the important issues of the geography of finance, namely the location of high-level financial services. Specifically, we will try to explain why foreign financial services are spatially concentrated in a particular city so as to form a national financial center in China. By reviewing various forces behind the formation of a financial center, we argue that information problems have created the need for geographic agglomeration of financial activities based on the source of information. This is true even in an era when financial markets work through sophisticated telecommunication networks. Based on a survey of the actual location of multinational corporation (MNC) regional headquarters, and through investigation of reasons for the agglomeration of these headquarters, we anticipate that Beijing, as the prime source of policy information, is more likely than other Chinese cities to be the national pre-eminent financial center when the Chinese financial markets become more open to foreign firms in the near future. This study illustrates, using China as a case study, that geography still provides strong justification of why major financial services continue to have a high degree of spatial agglomeration in particular locations, despite the fact that the electronic transmission of information has substantially reduced the friction of distance. 相似文献
6.
Oil exploration and production (E&P) activities in remote regions are often considered a catalyst for landscape change through the direct alterations created by infrastructure features, as well as through the accessibility provided by roads. The construction, expansion and improvement of transportation routes in isolated areas can attract newcomers and resource users who engage in illegal logging, poaching, commercial agriculture, as well as planned and spontaneous colonization. These actions can lead to larger-scale surface disturbances that may also affect indigenous territories and natural preserves. However, do these parallel activities and outcomes always accompany E&P development, or can controlled access minimize changes? To answer this question we utilized an “accounting from above” approach that uses remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze surface disturbance patterns linked to infrastructure features for both E&P and parallel activities. Our study area included four neighboring oil blocks in eastern Ecuador’s tropical forest, displaying three types of E&P development: public-access, controlled-access and roadless. The first objective was to determine the spatial relationship between infrastructure pattern, disturbance regimes and the type of road access for the year 2000 using land-use land-cover maps, soils data, protected areas and colonization zones. The second objective was to examine the statistical relationships between agricultural conversion and the above factors. Spatial analysis findings suggest that areas of overlap where colonization zones, public-access roads and fertile soils meet are most prone to deforestation. Statistical findings from a linear regression model suggest that the presence of public-access non-oil roads are significant at explaining the conversion of natural vegetation (forest) to agriculture, while the presence of protected areas helps explain the conservation of forested land. 相似文献
7.
Hua-Yun Xiao 《中国地球化学学报》2017,36(4):577-580
Southwest China is the primary area for damming rivers to produce hydroelectric energy and store water. River damming has changed hydrodynamic, chemical, and biological processes, which are related to sinks and sources of greenhouse gases and carbon and nitrogen fluxes of different interfaces. Here, I provide an introduction to a river damming-related foundation, the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YTA0601000). Supported by the foundation, we carried out research on multi-processes/multi-interfaces of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles in a dammed river system and have produced important results, as presented in this issue of the journal. 相似文献
8.
In order to track the footprint of the hydrogeology research in China during the past years, all the projects with the code of D0213 (hydrogeology, geothermic geosciences included) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 1997 to 2013 were searched and analysed. The statistics results showed that, a total of 88 institutes were ever funded with a total of 462 projects with the gross amount of 214 million yuan, and Beijing and Wuhan were the two most important centres for the hydrogeology research. In detail, A few 211 Project & 985 Project universities were the main forces, followed by Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Apart from the several traditional geological universities/colleges (China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Nanjing University, Jilin University, and Chang’an University) with outstanding performances, a few new forces from 211 Project & 985 Project universities also made good achievements with Beijing Normal University and Peking University standing out. Generally speaking, the focused scientific issues and related technologies included that but were not limited to, (1) Mechanism, control and remediation of groundwater/soil pollution were the most active fields, (2) Flow dynamics in saturated/unsaturated zone was still an interested topic, (3) Groundwater in hydrological cycle in different scales under climate change and human activities developed very quickly, (4) Engineering problems and disasters associated with groundwater aroused enormous attention, (5) Numerical modeling was still the most important means with wide application, and (6) Environmental tracing was a very active technique and new tracers were found and tried frequently 相似文献
9.
Human factors have contributed to the causes of several accidents. The physiological parameters change law of labor employees before and after fatigue is researched in this paper. The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between physiological parameters and fatigue, design corresponding fatigue monitoring and early warning system, reduce the accident rate and optimize the working environment. The labor employees’ heart rate, RR interval, respiration rate and blood pressure under fatigue state are determined in the laboratory. The change law of labor employees’ heart rate, RR interval, respiratory rate and blood pressure are analyzed based on the paired samples t test by using SPSS software. The results show that labor employees’ heart rate and RR interval have no significant difference before and after fatigue. Labor employees’ respiration rate has significant difference before and after fatigue: the respiration rate decreased after fatigue. Labor employees’ blood pressure has significant difference before and after fatigue: blood pressure of labor employees after fatigue can be elevated. The results provide a richer theoretical and practical basis in what criteria are used to determine the fatigue. It has important significance in the safety management field and accident prevention. 相似文献
10.
Klaus Chmelina Klaus Rabensteiner Gerd Krusche 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(3):845-859
The contribution presents the current state and latest capabilities of information technology (particularly tunnel information systems) used for urban tunnel projects. In detail, it informs on the system architecture and the latest data management, monitoring, alarming and reporting functions and services of the tunnel information system KRONOS of Geodata. To assess the systems’ benefits, installation examples and experiences from four currently running, urban European tunnelling projects are described. Finally, the most recent and promising R&D activities in this field are emphasized. 相似文献
11.
E. Fernández Escalante R. Cordero Sánchez M. López Hernández 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(5):2009-2031
Information and environmental education play a very important role in raising awareness of hydrogeology, particularly the Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). One of the landmarks of the DINA-MAR (Depth Investigation of New Areas for Managed Aquifer Recharge) i&R&D project has been the design of a dissemination plan applicable to hydrogeology, and specially, to MAR activities. The initial planning included reviewing various proposals of strategies for information, training and dissemination aimed at different sectors of the population grouped into homogenous groups. Upon execution of the dissemination plan, it has been revealed that the combination of dissemination and technology transference techniques (hereafter D&TT) with environmental education and psychological techniques has a synergetic effect with respect to the classical dissemination of knowledge in hydrogeology. It is being tested and applied in the implantation of the technique of managed aquifer recharge in countries where implantation is not widespread, such as Spain. As a result of the development of material and procedures for dissemination over 4 years, an embryonic strategy has been drawn up. It is a complex process which finally leads to a master catalogue that relates activities to target groups and their impact rate. This master catalogue allows the roll-out process of D&TT to be handled with a certain degree of planning, incorporating technical criteria with the transfer of the philosophy of dissemination, as a centrifugal process, from development groups to homogenous groups, from management and authorities to the general public, defining the limits of the circles of dissemination and the strategic directions. It also considers feedback methods and establishes stages to give the process a chronological order. In addition, some examples already tested in Spain to date are presented, not only activities, but also materials, most of them within the framework of the referenced project. 相似文献
12.
Network configurations and R&D activities of the ICT industry in Suzhou municipality, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper analyzes the network structure and R&D activities of the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in Suzhou municipality, known previously for its local state-directed Sunan model of development. Suzhou, however, has been undergoing dramatic restructuring to remake itself into a globalizing production center. We highlight the significance of the Chinese state and local/regional assets in shaping the trajectories of globalization and regional development, and the increasing importance of domestic markets and regional clusters/agglomeration for foreign ventures. We have found that Suzhou’s development path, heavily dependent on external forces, has made Suzhou a TNC (transnational corporation) satellite district. We also find that the ICT industry in Suzhou has a dual-structure, segmented between foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) and domestic firms. TNCs tend to network among themselves and their interfirm networks are increasingly domestic and regionally embedded in the Yangtze River Delta, while the linkages between TNCs and local firms are weak. We argue that there is a series of technological, structural, spatial, and institutional “mismatches” that limits the establishment of “global pipelines” of knowledge exchange. We hold that the nature of global-local networks is contingent upon regional endogenous capacities and the specific ways in which global capital interacts with local institutions. Therefore, perspectives on TNCs’ local embeddedness must be positioned in their regional/external networks. We also analyze the constraints placed on Suzhou’s development into an innovative city and promote the integration of global and local/regional assets through development of indigenous capacities. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2016
Due to the importance of venture capital (VC) firms in spurring regional economic growth, the geography of VC firms and VC investments have attracted a lot of attention. However, the spatial patterns of cross-regional VC flows have rarely been explored, particularly in the context of emerging economies. Drawing on a unique dataset on VC firms and investments related to domestic initial public offerings (IPOs), this study combines location analysis with network analysis to investigate the spatial patterns of VC activities in China. The results confirm that Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai are the leading VC centres in the country. Although Yangtze Delta Area hosts the largest number of investments, Beijing and Shenzhen have a considerable advantage over Shanghai in terms of the number of VC firms, investments, and the number of domestic VC-backed IPOs. Beijing and Shenzhen also appear more central than Shanghai in China’s VC networks, with Beijing-Shenzhen representing the most important city-dyad in terms of VC investment flows. The article explains how the dynamics of the VC centres is embedded in China’s institutional and cultural context, critical to understanding the evolution and geography of China’s VC industry. 相似文献
14.
北京市区春季交通源大气颗粒物污染水平及其影响因素 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
文中以PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)为研究对象,于2005年3月13日至19日前后6d的时间内,在成府路东口、前门2个地区设立采样点,研究分析了北京市春季交通源大气颗粒物的污染水平及其影响因素。研究表明:(1)PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度存在明显的日变化规律,在工作日所测得的PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度值要高于在周末所测得的质量浓度值;(2)PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度存在明显的时变化规律,在7:00~9:00,19:00~21:00和23:00之后,PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度分别达到三个峰值;(3)PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度随着温度的变化而存在明显的变化规律,PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)质量浓度的最大值与低温(0~5℃)有关,而PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)质量浓度的最小值在高温(11~15℃)时被观察到;(4)PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)的质量浓度的最大值与高湿度值(36%~46%)有关,而PM_(2·5)和PM_(10)质量浓度的最小值在低湿度值(11%~25%)时被观察到;(5)通过对成府路东口、前门采样点颗粒物浓度与风级比较,发现二者呈明显的反相关关系,由此可见,风力大小对特定区域的颗粒物浓度起决定性作用;(6)与国外一些城市的PM_(10)的污染水平相比,在北京成府路东口、前门所测得的PM_(10)的质量浓度都要比国外一些城市高,由此可见,汽车尾气仍是北京市区大气颗粒物的主要来源之一。 相似文献
15.
The monthly variations of below- and aboveground biomass of Spartina alterniflora were documented for a south Louisiana salt marsh from March 2004 to March 2005, and in March 2006 and 2007. The annual production rate above- and belowground was 1821 and 11,676 g m?2, respectively (Smalley method), and the annual production rate per biomass belowground was 10.7 g dry weight?1, which are highs along the latitudinal distributions of the plant’s range. The average root + rhizome/shoot ratio (R&R/S) was 2.6:1, which is lower than the R&R/S ratios of 4 to 5.1 reported for Spartina sp. marshes in the northeastern US. The belowground biomass increased from July to September and fluctuated between October and November, after which it declined until February when the growing season began. The belowground biomass was dominated by rhizomes, which declined precipitously in spring and then rose to a seasonal high in the month before declining again as the late summer rise in inflorescence began. Over half of the root biomass in a 30-cm soil profile was in the upper 10 cm, and in the 10- to 20-cm profile for rhizomes. The maximum March biomass above- and belowground was four to five times that of the minimum biomass over the four sampling years. The net standing stock (NSS) of N and P in live biomass aboveground compared to that in the belowground biomass was about 1.7 times higher and equal, respectively, but the NSS of N and P for the live + dead biomass was about six times higher belowground. The average nitrogen/phosphorous molar ratios of 16:1 aboveground is in agreement with the often tested N limitation of biomass accumulation aboveground, whereas the 37:1 belowground ratio suggests that there is an influence of P on R&R foraging for P belowground. Some implications for management and restoration are, in part, that salt marshes should be evaluated and examined using information on the plant’s physiology and production both below- and aboveground. 相似文献
16.
Samuel Kinsley 《Geoforum》2011,42(2):231-240
Visions of the future predict spaces apparently teaming with ever more novel and pervasive technologies. Significant amongst such forecasts is the notion of ‘ubiquitous computing’ (ubicomp), understood as an affordance or capacity tied (in)to people, places and things. This article stages an encounter between the futurity of ubicomp and recent debates in geography around anticipation. So, first, the future orientation in ubicomp research and development (R&D) is investigated as a mode of anticipation. ‘Knowledges’, and ‘logics’ of anticipation are subsequently, and second, discussed as the conceptual apparatus that constructs and perpetuates the ‘proximate future’ of ubicomp. This analysis connects recent discussion about ‘anticipation’ in social sciences research with the methods of ubicomp research, which fits with an emergent agenda around futurity in human geography. Third, the conceptual articulation of ‘anticipatory logic’ is applied to the analysis of empirical investigations of ubicomp R&D to identify the specific logics of anticipation at play. This article accordingly examines the logics of anticipation that both support and destabilise the certainty with which the future is imagined within ubicomp. In conclusion, the multiple ways of anticipating a future world and the ways in which they discipline understandings of futurity are framed as a politics of anticipation. 相似文献
17.
Natural Hazards - A catastrophic landslide struck the Xiaoba village in Fuquan, Guizhou, southwestern China at about 8:30 p.m. (Beijing Time, UTC?+?8) on August 27, 2014. The... 相似文献
18.
Zhenxiu Jia Shuwen Pei Alfonso Benito‐Calvo Dongdong Ma Laura Sanchez‐Romero Qi Wei 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(8):621-632
Understanding site formation processes is crucial for interpreting archaeological context patterns and hominin behaviour as these affect the preserved condition of a site and the integrity of archaeological remains. The fluvio‐lacustrine sequences in the Nihewan Basin of North China are rich sources of early Pleistocene archaeological sites, which offer an important opportunity to investigate human evolution and adapted behaviours in East Asia. Although many Palaeolithic sites have been reported from the Nihewan Basin, North China, few of them focus on site formation processes before interpreting the hominin behaviour patterns. Here, we present a site formation study of four archaeological layers (Layers 6D, 6C, 6B and 6A) in Trench 1 from the Donggutuo (namely DGT‐T1) site in the Nihewan Basin with an age of 1.1 Ma. Through the study of sedimentary contexts, spatial distributions of artefacts and fossils, intra‐assemblage category ratios, debitage size distributions, lithic abrasion, artifact orientation and planar dip, our results show that all the layers had been disturbed by low‐energy sheet wash across the lake shore setting, but to differing extents. The post‐depositional disturbance caused by water decreased from the lower to the upper layers, from Layer 6D to Layer 6A. This indicates that the archaeological remains in DGT‐T1 have not been subject to significant natural modifications and are thus suitable for studying early hominin behaviour in North China. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Andrzej Kaim Alexander Nützel Hugo Bucher Thomas Brühwiler Nicolas Goudemand 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2010,103(1):121-128
An Early Triassic (Griesbachian) gastropod fauna is reported from South China (Shanggan, Guangxi) and consists of four species:
Bellerophon abrekensis, Wannerispira
shangganensis Kaim & Nützel sp. nov., Naticopsis sp., and Palaeonarica
guangxinensis Kaim & Nützel sp. nov. The taxon Wannerispira Kaim & Nützel nom. nov. replaces Pagodina Wanner non Van Beneden. This is the first report of Bellerophon abrekensis from China. Previously, it was only known from its type locality in Far East Russia. Wannerispira
shangganensis sp. is the first certain Triassic report of the Permian subfamily Neilsoniinae and represents a holdover taxon. The neritimorph
Palaeonarica is reported for the first time from the Early Triassic and this is the oldest occurrence of this genus. Compared with other
Griesbachian gastropods, the present material is relatively well preserved so that the taxonomy rests on rather firm ground.
Very few nominal taxa have been reported from the Griesbachian and therefore the present report presents substantial additional
information about gastropods from the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction event. The gastropod association from Shanggan
shares one species with Primorye, Far East Russia (B. abrekensis). Two species, W. shangganensis and P. guangxinensis, closely resemble specimens reported from the Griesbachian of Oman. This could suggest that Griesbachian gastropod faunas
of the Tethys were rather homogenous although the data are still scarce. 相似文献
20.
Susan Christopherson 《Geoforum》2006,37(5):739-751
Predictions that work in fields such as computer programming, architecture, and graphic design will be globally sourced have raised the specter of job losses among skilled workers in high wage economies. One of the most interesting cases tied to this controversy is that of so-called “runaway” motion picture and television production from the traditional center of entertainment media production in Los Angeles to non-US satellite production centers. Although runaway production is an old complaint in the entertainment media industries, the production location decisions of media entertainment firms since the mid-1990s look considerably different than those in the 1980s when a similar alarm was raised. Among the critical differences are: (1) the location of an expanded range of production activities in regions outside the “headquarters” location of Los Angeles; (2) the ability of transnational firms to access multiple, self-organized and networked pools of skilled labor in production locations outside Los Angeles; and (3) the expanded role of the sub-national state in reducing the overall production costs of transnational firms, including those attendant to their use of skilled labor pools. The current controversy provides an opportunity to consider how transnational firms use international out-sourcing to address their need for high-skilled and specialized labor in the production process. It also contributes to the on-going theoretical debate over how transnational firms are combining the advantages to be derived from territorial agglomeration with those of substitutability of labor skills in multiple locations. 相似文献