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1.
Landslides as secondary seismic effects are causing some patterns of soil failure that are often considered among the most destructive ones. In fact, the impact from triggered landslides has sometimes exceeded damage directly related to strong shaking and fault rupture. The objective of this research study is landslide hazard and risk assessment considering different water saturation and earthquake scenarios, for a selected area in a sub-urban hilly part of Skopje—the capital of Macedonia. The final product is represented by digital maps of expected permanent displacements for a defined earthquake scenario, in different water saturation conditions of the instable soil layer. Qualitative landslide risk assessment is performed taking into consideration the exposure map of the habitants and local road of the area. As to the target area, it can be concluded that it has the potential for instability that, under certain scenarios, could result in economic and social damage (vulnerability of individual houses, vulnerability of infrastructure and alike). The results from this study referring to potentially affected population and infrastructure present solid base for preventive mitigation activities for reducing the consequences of geotechnical hazards in Skopje City associated with earthquakes. 相似文献
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通过实地考察,对2014年5月30日9时20分云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州发生的6.1级地震中的房屋震害特点及主要次生地质灾害特征进行了全面分析,并初步总结了各类房屋建筑及主要地质灾害的震害特征及其成因。研究结果表明,对于西南山区类似盈江的地震多发区带,城镇建设过程中在尽量选择高强度建筑材料且保证建筑材料合格的同时,还要充分重视科学选址,应尽量避开滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地震地质灾害易发地带;对稳定性较差的场地应通过必要的地基处理工程进行加固,以尽可能减小地震造成的破坏;在易发生地质灾害的道路周边还应采取适当的加固措施以避免地震来临时造成交通瘫痪,进而引发更大的生命财产损失。 相似文献
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4.
N. I. Frolova V. I. Larionov J. Bonnin S. P. Sushchev A. N. Ugarov M. A. Kozlov 《Natural Hazards》2017,88(1):63-80
Timely and adequate action just after a strong earthquake can result in significant benefits in saving lives, as well as other benefits. For these cases, information about possible damage and expected number of casualties is very critical for taking decision about search, rescue operations and offering humanitarian assistance. Such rough and rapid information may be provided by, first of all, “global systems” (i.e., systems that are operated wherever the earthquake has occurred on the globe), in emergency mode. This paper gives a brief history of existing “global systems” and analyzes the factors which influence the reliability of earthquake impact simulation in near real time. 相似文献
5.
基于GIS和信息量模型的京张高铁滑坡易发性评价 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
新建京张铁路不仅是2022年北京冬奥会的配套交通保障设施,同时也是京包兰交通廊道的重要组成部分。在京张高铁沿线滑坡灾害调查的基础上,对影响滑坡灾害发育的相关因子进行统计分析,选取斜坡坡高、坡度、坡向、归一化植被指数、工程地质岩组、活动断裂、河流、年平均降雨量、地震和人类工程活动等10个要素作为评价模型计算的基本变量和数值化参数,采用基于GIS的信息量模型法对在建京张高铁沿线及邻区进行了滑坡灾害易发性评价,并将评价结果划分为5个等级:极低易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区和极高易发区。结合野外调查成果,对评价结果的可信度进行了检验分析,评价结果与实际灾害发生情况基本吻合,研究结果可为京张高铁建设、减灾防灾提供基础依据。 相似文献
6.
The Denver Region in Colorado, USA, is used as an example of the seismic vulnerability of a region that is not generally considered seismically active. The HAZUS (Hazards United States) natural hazard vulnerability program of United States and an integral geographical information system are used to create the regional distribution of Denver’s potential consequences of an earthquake. Two realistic scenario earthquakes are employed based on a detailed study of seismic activity in the region. Outcomes include casualties, displaced households, building damage by construction material type, hospital functionality, highway bridge functionality, and infrastructure recovery rates. Demographic information includes the use of public transportation, elderly population, and vulnerability based on education, income, and race. Additionally, the type and frequency of communication among key planning agencies and other organizations in the region are investigated through the use of personal interviews as well as a survey to determine the degree to which these agencies consider seismic risk in their communication and coordination planning. 相似文献
7.
川藏铁路是我国正在规划建设的重要铁路干线之一,是西部大通道的重要组成部分。该铁路线横跨扬子板块、川滇地块、羌塘地块和拉萨地块等大地构造单元,在复杂的地质构造背景条件下,川藏铁路沿线活动断裂、地震和地质灾害极为发育,严重制约着川藏铁路的规划建设。在野外地质调查、钻探、地应力测量和室内测试分析的基础上,对川藏铁路规划建设中可能遇到的活动断裂、高地应力、高地温、岩爆和地质灾害等主要环境工程地质问题进行了论述分析,认为：川藏铁路沿线及邻区发育有54条区域活动断裂,其中对铁路有直接重要影响的全新世活动断裂有17条;研究区内地震活动频繁,约有50%的规划线路位于地震动峰值加速度>02 g地区,部分地段>04 g,潜在地震风险大;铁路沿线主要的地质灾害类型为崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,地质灾害受活动断裂影响强烈,部分地段发育有高速远程滑坡;川藏铁路沿线构造应力场和地热场复杂,深埋隧道工程建设时容易发生岩爆、软岩大变形和高温热害等工程地质问题。 相似文献
8.
Japanese early-warning for debris flows and slope failures using rainfall indices with Radial Basis Function Network 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Nobutomo Osanai Takeshi Shimizu Kazumasa Kuramoto Shinichi Kojima Tomoyuki Noro 《Landslides》2010,7(3):325-338
Early-warning systems for natural disasters are important tools for disaster risk reduction and for achieving sustainable
development and livelihoods. In 2005, the Japanese government initiated a new nationwide early-warning system for landslides
disasters. The main methodology of the system is to set a criterion for occurrences of debris flows and slope failures based
on several rainfall indices (60-min cumulative rainfall and soil–water index) in each 5-km grid mesh covering all of Japan.
Because many of the records of mass movements are lacking in scientific precision on timing and location, the system applies
Radial Basis Function Network methods to set the criterion based primarily on rainfall data recorded as not triggering disasters.
Since the end of March 2007, under torrential rainfall conditions, early-warning information has been disseminated as part
of weather news using TV, radio, and the Internet. Because of the increasing worldwide recognition of the importance of early-warning
systems for natural disaster reduction, the aim of this article is to introduce the new Japanese early-warning system to the
international landslide community. In this article, the method, the system, and the result of its application to landslide
disasters in 2009 are presented. 相似文献
9.
Arun K. Gupta Sumer Chopra Sanjay K. Prajapati Anup K. Sutar B. K. Bansal 《Natural Hazards》2013,68(2):405-417
In this study, we have prepared an intensity map based on macroseismic survey and all the available information from print and electronic media of damage and other effects due to March 05, 2012, M 4.9 Bahadurgarh (Haryana–Delhi border) earthquake and interpreted them to obtain modified Mercalli intensities (MMI) at over 62 locations surrounding the Haryana and Delhi. We have cross-checked the damage information from print and electronic media in the field at 25 sites within 110 km surrounding the epicenter for validation. Based on the questionnaire which is used in macroseismic survey and personal judgment, intensities were assigned accordingly as per physical survey at 25 sites and for rest based on media reporting. A maximum intensity of VI was assigned to this seismic event. Isoseismals of V and VI have been fully covered in the field observations. Beside this, some of the points have also been covered for isoseismal IV and isoseismal III and rest are based on media report only. The intensity map reveals several interesting features. Elliptically elongated shape of intensity map shows that most of the slightly damaged areas are concentrated toward the northwestern side of the epicenter having intensity V which may be due to directivity or site effects. A regression relation has also been derived between intensity and epicentral distance. The derived attenuation relation will be useful for assessing damage of a potential future earthquake (earthquake scenario–based planning purposes) for the Delhi NCR region. 相似文献
10.
面向领导决策的地质灾害预警系统设计与实现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用GIS技术对地质灾害信息进行快捷发布、预警与决策,是地质灾害管理与防治的有效途径之一。基于地质灾害预警与领导决策的需求,对结合ArcIMS地图服务与Ajax技术的地质灾害预警系统的目标、结构、功能、数据模型与数据库进行了分析与设计,探讨了系统开发所涉及的关键技术。最终完成了基于Ajax模式的广东省地质灾害预警系统的开发,实现了地质灾害相关信息的分析,灾害等级划分与预警,以及灾害信息的发布。 相似文献
11.
震害遥感快速提取研究——以2003年2月24日巴楚—伽师6.8级地震为例 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
论述了遥感影像提取震害的研究进展 ,提出了基于GIS和数字图像处理技术的震害遥感快速提取与损失评估的技术途径。在此基础上 ,介绍了巴楚—伽师地震的航空与卫星遥感资料的获取、图像数字处理与震害提取过程 ;描述了地震造成的建筑物震害与地质灾害的遥感图像特征 ;根据以往震害遥感影像统计经验与本次地震震害遥感特征 ,提出了遥感震害分级分类标准和地震烈度划分标准 ,进而得到基于震害遥感影像的伽师地震等震线图。文中对所得到的地震烈度与地面实际调查结果进行了比较。通过遥感信息源空间分辨率要求与信息获取与处理的时效性分析 ,认为我国利用航空遥感与卫星遥感资料获取地震灾情信息已进入实用阶段 相似文献
12.
华北地区距雄安新区300 km范围内包括唐山、邢台和张北三个典型强震区,近50年来,先后发生1966年邢台7.2级、1976年唐山7.8级和1998年张北6.2级强震活动,未来仍具发生破坏性地震的风险。在现今构造应力环境下,3个典型强震区内断裂活动危险性如何、再次发生中强地震对雄安新区地面稳定性有怎样的影响,这些都是要回答的问题。对此,本文首先基于唐山、邢台和张北强震区关键构造部位深孔水压致裂地应力测量数据,依据Byerlee断层滑动失稳摩擦准则,计算各强震区内潜在发震断层的临界失稳状态,探讨断裂活动危险性;之后依据中华人民共和国第五代《中国地震动参数区划图》之《中国大陆及邻区潜在震源区划分图》,厘定雄安新区外围300 km范围内主要潜在震源区和震级上限;最后选取适宜的地震烈度衰减模型,定量计算主要潜在震源区未来发生震级上限地震时对雄安新区地震烈度的影响,进而为雄安新区及重大工程抗震设防提供科学参考。结果表明：(1)唐山、邢台和张北强震区内主要潜在震源区未来发生震级上限地震产生的地震烈度衰减至雄安新区时均位于Ⅳ~Ⅶ度;(2)北京通州及邻区发生8.0级地震、涞水—高碑店沿线发生6.5级地震会在雄安新区产生Ⅶ度地震烈度,震害较轻;(3)其他潜在震源区在雄安新区产生的地震烈度均小于V度,并不会产生显著震害效应。鉴于此,雄安新区抗震设防烈度建议由原Ⅶ度调至Ⅷ度为宜。 相似文献
13.
Regional landslide susceptibility following the Mid NIIGATA prefecture earthquake in 2004 with NEWMARK’S sliding block analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study proposes a calculation method for regional earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility that applies the permanent seismic displacement calculated using Newmark’s sliding block analysis with estimated vertical and horizontal seismic motions. The proposed method takes into account the direction of slope failure based on the specified slope azimuth. The study results reveal the importance of predominant slope failure direction using a simple infinite slope model subjected to earthquakes. The target area for the earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility analysis constituted a region of more than 2000 km2 surrounding the epicenter of the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake in 2004. An earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility map was created based on the proposed method with a specific combination of friction angle and cohesion, and the resulting data were compared to the landslide inventory map produced from aerial photographs following the Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake in 2004. To create the susceptibility map, geomaterial cohesion values for the slope were back-calculated to satisfy the minimum safety factor in the static state. This study also proposes a calculation method for the prediction rate and determines the back-calculated strength parameters of geomaterials. The proposed regional landslide susceptibility map will be useful for understanding potential slope failure locations and magnitude of damage, as well as for planning field investigation and preventing secondary disasters immediately after earthquakes. 相似文献
14.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(6)
Post-disaster very high resolution(VHR) satellite data are potential sources to provide detailed information on damage and geological changes for a large area in a short time.In this paper,we studied landslides triggered by the M_w 6.9 earthquake in Sikkim,India which occurred on 18 September 2011 using VHR data from Cartosat-1,GeoEye-1,QuickBird-2 and WorldView-2 satellites.Since the earthquake-affected area is located in mostly inaccessible Himalayan terrain,VHR data from these satellites provided a unique opportunity for quick and synoptic assessment of the damage.Using visual change analysis technique through comparison of pre- and post-earthquake images,we assessed the damage caused by the event.A total of 123 images acquired from eight satellites,covering an area of4105 km2 were analysed and 1196 new landslides triggered by the earthquake were mapped.Road blockages and severely affected villages were also identified.Geological assessment of the terrain highlighted linear disposition of landslides along existing fault scarps,suggesting a reactivation of fault.The landslide inventory map prepared from VHR images also showed a good correlation with the earthquake shake map.Results showed that several parts of north Sikkim,particularly Mangan and Chungthang,which are close to the epicentre,were severely affected by the earthquake,and that the event-based landslide inventory map can be used in future earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment studies. 相似文献
15.
泛亚铁路滇西大理至瑞丽沿线主要活动断裂与地震地质特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据最新的遥感影像解译和地表调查成果,分析总结了拟建的云南大理至瑞丽铁路沿线区域最新的地表变形特征、主要活动断裂带的几何分布与运动学特征。结果显示,影响该区地壳稳定性的活动断裂带主要有10条,从东到西包括：点苍山东麓断裂、云龙-永平断裂带、保山断裂带、蒲缥-施甸断裂、太平-罗明坝断裂、镇安断裂带、龙新共轭断裂系、黄连河共轭断裂系、龙川江断裂和畹町断裂带,其中晚第四纪期间活动性最显著、对工程场地稳定性影响最大的是：点苍山东麓断裂带、保山盆地西缘断裂带、蒲缥-施甸断裂、畹町断裂带等。同时,通过整理分析近代强震资料发现,仅根据历史强震资料所揭示的高地震烈度区是不全面的,结合最新的活动断裂调查成果,对大瑞铁路沿线区域的地震烈度分区进行重新划分后,认为大瑞铁路工程场地区从东到西至少存在：大理-弥渡、保山、蒲缥-施甸、镇安-荆竹坪和瑞丽-畹町5个大于等于区级的高地震烈度区,需要在铁路工程建设的抗震设防时给予重点关注。 相似文献
16.
Ramesh Pudi Priyom Roy Tapas R. Martha K. Vinod Kumar P. Rama Rao 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(6):664-670
In this study, we have analysed the spatial variation of b-values (from frequency-magnitude distribution (FMD)) in the western Himalayas as an indicator to demarcate the potential zones of earthquake occurrences. This is done under the acceptance of interpretation that decrease of b-values is correlated with a stress increase in the epicentral region of an approaching earthquake event. In addition to this, the spatial association of the earthquake epicenters with the major thrusts in the region using weights of evidence method, to identify potential zones of earthquake occurrences have also been analysed. Both analyses were carried out using a historical earthquake (Mw> 4) database of the1900-2015 period. Finally, based on the spatial variation of b-values and ‘contrasts’ derived from weights of evidence method (thrust associations), the derived map information was geospatially combined to prepare a “spatial earthquake potential” map of the western Himalayas. This map demarcates the western Himalayas into 3 zones - high, medium and low potential for future earthquake occurrences. 相似文献
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18.
Landslide risk assessment using concepts of danger pixels and fuzzy set theory in Darjeeling Himalayas 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Landslide risk assessment (LRA) is a key component of landslide studies. The landslide risk can be defined as the potential
for adverse consequences or loss to human population and property due to the occurrence of landslides. The LRA can be regional
or site-specific in nature and is an important information for planning various developmental activities in the area. LRA
is considered as a function of landslide potential (LP) and resource damage potential (RDP). The LP and RDP are typically
characterized by the landslide susceptibility zonation map and the resource map (i.e., land use land cover map) of the area,
respectively. Development of approaches for LRA has always been a challenge. In the present study, two approaches for LRA,
one based on the concept of danger pixels and the other based on fuzzy set theory, have been developed and implemented to
generate LRA maps of Darjeeling Himalayas, India. The LRA map based on the first approach indicates that 1,015 pixels of habitation
and 921 pixels of road section are under risk due to landslides. The LRA map derived from fuzzy set theory based approach
shows that a part of habitat area (2,496 pixels) is under very high risk due to landslides. Also, another part of habitat
area and a portion of road network (7,204 pixels) are under high risk due to landslides. Thus, LRA map based on the concept
of danger pixels gives the pixels under different resource categories at risk due to landslides whereas the LRA map based
on the concept of fuzzy set theory further refines this result by defining the degree of severity of risk to these categories
by putting these into high and low risk zones. Hence, the landslide risk assessment study carried out using two approaches
in this paper can be considered in cohesion for assessing the risks due to landslides in a region. 相似文献
19.
滑坡地质灾害预警方法主要有面状预警和点状预警两种,前者一般应用于国家级和省级层面上的预警,后者主要是针对具体的滑坡隐患点或者小范围地区。温州地区山区面积大,地形复杂,暴雨频繁,地质灾害频繁发生。温州滑坡地质灾害预警方法基本上采用面状预警理论,但是兼有点状预警的特色。其基本理论思想是：以近似于点状行政村为预警单元,实地调查典型的行政村,并全面收集有关地形、地貌、基础地质、历年地质灾害区划调查等资料,对每个预警单元（行政村）分析其发生滑坡地质灾害潜在能力的大小（潜势度）与灾害发生的降雨阈值,从而建立预警系统,并应用于政府在地质灾害防灾工作中。 相似文献
20.
In this paper, we use the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as a background event for analyzing and applying the principles of site selection of emergency shelters for a disastrous earthquake. Based on field investigations and analyses of remote sensing imagery, we identified the distribution of active faults and the locations of co-seismic surface rupture zones—areas in which buildings are at risk of intensive damage. It is important that emergency shelters are located outside of such vulnerable areas. One of the lessons learned from the Wenchuan Earthquake is that high fatality rates occur in areas without life-saving shelters. The principles that underlie the selection of emergency shelter sites are as follows: (1) keep far away from active fault zones, with the distance depending on the characteristics of the fault, including the nature of hangingwall and footwall structures; (2) disaster-mitigation strategies should be developed as a multi-dimensional system for the management of natural hazards, human activities, and urban expansion, involving keeping away from vulnerable slopes and establishing an early-warning system; (3) the accessibility of mountainous regions must be considered, including establishing small emergency shelters that house large numbers of people and covering regions with an uneven distribution of villages; and (4) government and law-making agencies in China must establish new earthquake design codes for buildings, emphasizing the importance of public facilities (including schools, collective welfare institutions, and medical facilities) as emergency shelters during disastrous earthquakes. The site-selection process requires an interdisciplinary approach involving seismologists, engineers, environmental and social scientists, emergency management personnel, and government officials. The parameters upon which the above principles are based can be qualitatively determined, thereby providing a valuable initial database for further quantitative analysis. The preliminary results and knowledge gained in the present paper can be used as a decision-making tool to support the government in earthquake-recovery and reconstruction programs. We also discuss practical examples of site evaluation in regions that suffered heavy damage during the Wenchuan Earthquake. 相似文献