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1.
基于不同尺度的中国区域经济差异 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24
采用变异系数、泰尔指数、空间自相关和尺度方差等统计方法从地带、省级、地级和县级4 个尺度对1998-2009 年中国区域经济差异进行测度和空间格局比较分析。① 差异测度研究表明, 自1998 年以来, 中国区域经济差异在4 个尺度上均表现出扩大的趋势;省级、地级和县级单元人均GDP具有显著的空间自相关性, 其中地级和县级人均GDP的空间自相关程度呈扩大趋势。② 尺度方差及其分解研究表明, 尺度方差及其构成大小依次排列均为县级、地级、省级、地带, 即尺度越小, 尺度方差越大, 对区域经济差异的贡献份额也越大。③ 空间格局研究表明, 不同尺度区域经济空间关联格局总体相对稳定, HH类型集聚区大多分布于东部沿海地区, LL类型在中西部地区的大规模集聚是不同尺度区域经济空间自相关性的主要原因;各尺度显著空间关联类型对总体空间自相关和区域经济差异的影响各不相同。 相似文献
2.
大城市低收入邻里社会贫困的测度差异与成因 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
社会贫困是对居民的社会保障和福利的享有情况、社会参与和融合等生活状况的测度。利用中国3 大典型地域、6 个代表城市、3 类邻里的1809 份个体问卷调查数据, 本文选取13 个相关指标, 判定个体是否处于社会贫困状态, 利用回归模型探究其影响因素, 并分析社会贫困现象在不同邻里、不同城市集聚的分异特征。研究发现, 6 个城市间的社会贫困集聚程度顺序为东部、中部和西部;3 大类邻里中, 社会贫困在城中村表现最为明显, 内城居住区次之, 企业配套居住区最低。中国城市居民是否处于社会贫困状态是体制(户口类型) 和家庭(教育程度、年龄等) 因素共同作用的结果。代表体制因素的户口类型对3 类城市的社会贫困均起到影响, 东中部城市中家庭因素也有一定作用。体制因素对城中村的社会贫困起显著影响, 而家庭因素在内城居住区和企业配套居住区中作用更大。 相似文献
3.
Smoking in New Zealand is more common in deprived areas and in areas with a significant Maori population. Despite its status as a major health problem there has been little work investigating this apparent geography of smoking Data from the 1996 Census is used to construct a multilevel ‘proportions‐as‐responses’ model of smoking prevalence. This enables an exploration of the geography of smoking at different spatial scales. Levels within the model distinguish contextual variation between local authorities, census area units and meshblocks. Particular account is taken of the influence of deprivation and ethnicity on smoking. Results confirm the importance of ethnicity and deprivation and indicate that cross‐level interaction between meshblock and census area unit measures is significant. They also challenge crude stereotypes about the apparent geography of smoking and suggest that, while levels of smoking may be high in parts of North Island, they are less high than might be expected given the socio‐demographic composition of the areas concerned. Conversely, smoking is more prevalent than expected in parts of South Island. The paper notes the health policy implications of these emergent geographies. 相似文献
4.
"This paper considers morbidity and mortality variations at the small-area level in England and Wales and their relation to socio-economic factors. Separate affluence and deprivation effects on illness and mortality are identified from a single-level analysis, both exceeding the influence of social class, urbanity or ethnicity. A multi-level perspective is then adopted to explore ecological associations operating both at micro-area and higher level spatial scales. Contextual effects (higher level variability in the impacts of ward level variables) are identified in the effects of small area deprivation on mortality and illness, as well as cross-level interactions; thus the impact of small area social structure on health is partly defined by the wider regional and district setting." 相似文献
5.
ZG市非接触型诈骗被害相对发生概率的性别差异 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用ZG市老城区2015~2016年具有个人属性的诈骗警情数据,分析女性和男性遭受非接触型诈骗相对接触型诈骗的发生概率,建立多层次Logit回归模型研究其影响因素的差异。结果表明,两性别非接触型诈骗被害的相对发生概率均受制于个体和社区两个层次因素的影响,且社区层次均发挥主要作用。其中,女性和男性在个体层次的影响因素类似,表现为本地户籍的高水平受教育者在白天更易遭受非接触型诈骗的侵害。但在社区层次的影响因素迥异,在外来人口少、银行网点少、离婚丧偶率低、有高校的本地年轻人为主的社区,女性非接触型诈骗被害相对发生概率高;而在租房比例高、农业人口少、大型零售商业网点少、低教育水平人口比例少的外来中高收入白领为主的社区,男性非接触型诈骗被害相对发生概率则更高。 相似文献
6.
Despite their sensitivity to climate variability, few of the abundant sinkhole lakes of Florida have been the subject of paleolimnological studies to discern patterns of change in aquatic communities and link them to climate drivers. However, deep sinkhole lakes can contain highly resolved paleolimnological records that can be used to track long-term climate variability and its interaction with effects of land-use change. In order to understand how limnological changes were regulated by regional climate variability and further modified by local land-use change in south Florida, we explored diatom assemblage variability over centennial and semi-decadal time scales in an ~11,000-yr and a ~150-yr sediment core extracted from a 21-m deep sinkhole lake, Lake Annie, on the protected property of Archbold Biological Station. We linked variance in diatom assemblage structure to changes in water total phosphorus, color, and pH using diatom-based transfer functions. Reconstructions suggest the sinkhole depression contained a small, acidic, oligotrophic pond ~11000–7000 cal yr BP that gradually deepened to form a humic lake by ~4000 cal yr BP, coinciding with the onset of modern precipitation regimes and the stabilization of sea-level indicated by corresponding palynological records. The lake then contained stable, acidophilous planktonic and benthic algal communities for several thousand years. In the early AD 1900s, that community shifted to one diagnostic of an even lower pH (~5.6), likely resulting from acid precipitation. Further transitions over the past 25 yr reflect recovery from acidification and intensified sensitivity to climate variability caused by enhanced watershed runoff from small drainage ditches dug during the mid-twentieth Century on the surrounding property. 相似文献
7.
Larisa Frolova Larisa Nazarova Ludmila Pestryakova Ulrike Herzschuh 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,52(1-2):107-119
Subfossil Cladocera were sampled and examined from the surface sediments of 35 thermokarst lakes along a temperature gradient crossing the tree line in the Anabar-river basin in northwestern Yakutia, northeastern Siberia. The lakes were distributed through three environmental zones: typical tundra, southern tundra and forest tundra. All lakes were situated within the continuous permafrost zone. Our investigation showed that the cladoceran communities in the lakes of the Anabar region are diverse and abundant, as reflected by taxonomic richness, and high diversity and evenness indices (H = 1.89 ± 0.51; I = 0.8 ± 0.18). CONISS cluster analysis indicated that the cladoceran communities in the three ecological zones (typical tundra, southern tundra and forest-tundra) differed in their taxonomic composition and structure. Differences in the cladoceran assemblages were related to limnological features and geographical position, vegetation type, climate and water chemistry. The constrained redundancy analysis indicated that TJuly, water depth and both sulphate (SO4 2?) and silica (Si4+) concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) explained variance in the cladoceran assemblage. TJuly featured the highest percentage (17.4 %) of explained variance in the distribution of subfossil Cladocera. One of the most significant changes in the structure of the cladoceran communities in the investigated transect was the replacement of closely related species along the latitudinal and vegetation gradient. The results demonstrate the potential for a regional cladoceran-based temperature model for the Arctic regions of Russia, and for and Yakutia in particular. 相似文献
8.
京津冀协同治理的回顾与前瞻 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
京津冀区域治理是伴随三地协作发展的进程,从政府层面的管制转向各利益主体协调治理,从自上而下的竞争合作转向上下结合的协同合作的一系列有效应对举措。经过30多年的努力,学界和政府部门已经形成了较为丰富的京津冀区域治理研究成果。通过梳理自1984年以来相关区域的研究,尝试从时空维度厘清京津冀区域治理的研究脉络及其变化,剖析目前京津冀区域治理所涉及的治理模式、协调体系、以及形成的发展策略,为改进和提高京津冀区域治理效果提供参考。京津冀协同治理过程是学术界与政府的互动融合过程,其中政府的作用居主导地位。未来将在治理主体、治理机制、治理效果评价和文化、医疗、养老等领域的协调发展方面得到深化和细化。 相似文献
9.
工资水平的区域分异是一种较为常见的经济地理现象,其形成源自于众多影响因素的综合作用,生成与演进也带有特定的区域相互作用特征。运用空间计量分析与GIS相结合的方法,系统分析我国省域城镇现有工资水平的区域分布特征及分异格局,进一步深入探讨中国工资水平区域分异的作用机制和空间效应。在对中国工资水平区域分异的基本现状进行简要描述的基础上,利用新经济地理学中的工资方程,结合中国经济社会发展实际,试图阐明中国工资水平现有分异格局的作用机制;并通过全域自相关指数、SLM和SEM模型实证检验了各主要理论因素对中国工资水平区域分异的影响程度及其空间效应,结果显示：市场潜能、开放度、市场分割度等因素对中国工资水平的区域分异有重要的影响,且中国省域间城镇工资水平存在显著的空间误差效应。最后,从合理缩小现有的工资水平区域差距,促进区域协调发展的角度提出了若干政策建议,具体包括健全劳动力市场协调机制、减少劳动力资源的跨区域流动障碍;强化人力资本积累在缩小地区工资差异中的作用力;增进省级地域单元间的贸易联系性,弱化市场分割程度;优化低工资地区的外贸投资环境,提升其对外贸易竞争力和融资效率;推进东部地区尽快转型升级,积极培育中西部省份重要的增长极。 相似文献
10.
Jianhui Chen Enlou Zhang Stephen J. Brooks Xiaozhong Huang Haipeng Wang Jianbao Liu Fahu Chen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,51(2):313-323
A significant relationship between the distribution and abundance of chironomids and water depth has long been recognized. Few studies on this topic, however, have been carried out in arid regions where the chironomid community is usually controlled by water salinity. Bosten Lake, northwest China, the largest inland freshwater lake (~1,260 km2) in the country, provides a unique opportunity to investigate this relationship in an arid region. A total of 42 surface sediment samples from water depths of 0.9–17.0 m, and 12 chironomid taxa, were used in the analysis. The first principal component analysis (PCA) axis explained 59.3 % of the variance in the chironomid assemblage and there was a significant correlation between PCA axis 1 scores and water depth (R2 = 0.84, P < 0.001). The chironomid assemblages change significantly at 8.0 m water depth. This threshold corresponds to an abrupt change in the basin slope and the spatial distribution of aquatic vascular plants. Redundancy analysis showed that abundances of Chironomus plumosus-type, Microchironomus and Cryptochironomus are positively correlated with water depth, whereas abundances of Tanytarsus, Polypedilum nubifer-type, Cricotopus and Psectrocladius sordidellus-type are negatively correlated with water depth. These ecological relationships are supported by published data. Qualitative chironomid-inferred changes in lake level and diatom-inferred changes in salinity from sediment core BSTC001 were compared. Close agreement in trends for these two variables validates the use of chironomid assemblages to study palaeo-hydrological variability in this westerlies-dominated, arid region of central Asia. 相似文献
11.
大数据时代的空间交互分析方法和应用再论 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
空间交互是理解地表人文过程的重要基础,与空间依赖一起共同体现了地理空间的独特性、关联性以及对嵌入该空间的地理分布格局的影响,具有鲜明的时空属性,因此对于地理学研究具有重要意义。大数据为空间交互研究带来了新的机遇,能够使我们在不同时空尺度感知和观察空间交互模式并对其动态演化特征进行模拟和预测,从而为揭示人类活动规律及区域空间结构提供有力支持。本文在探讨空间交互与地理空间模式关系的基础上,描述了利用地理大数据感知空间交互的方式和定量模型,介绍了空间交互分析方法的研究进展及其在空间规划与交通、公共卫生、旅游等领域的应用情况,并就一些基本问题进行了讨论,以期为大数据支持下空间交互相关研究提供指导。 相似文献
12.
广东省区域经济差异的方向及影响机制 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
区域差异已成为中国经济高速增长背后的一大隐忧,如何实现区域经济协调发展是中国经济社会发展的核心议题,也是近年来国内外研究的热点命题。基于“最优尺度-总体趋势-差异方向-机制因素”的框架,综合运用传统总体差异指数、尺度方差及其分解、特定方向差异指数（PDI 指数）和多水平回归分析对1978-2011 年广东省区域经济差异进行了综合测度和分析。研究表明：① 尺度方差及其构成大小依次排列为县级、地级和区级,即尺度越小,尺度方差越大,对区域经济差异的贡献份额也越大。② 自改革开放以来,广东区域经济总体差异呈增大趋势,并出现波动性变化。③ 广东区域经济空间差异的主要方向是珠三角核心区与边缘地区之间,核心区与边缘区的差距扩大,省内沿海地区与内陆地区的差异微弱上升,市区与外围区的差异缩小。④ 全球化、简政放权、投资水平和市场化是导致区域经济差异的最重要的四个机制因素;全球化和投资是促进区域经济差异加剧的重要直接驱动力,简政放权则间接促进了区域经济差异的变大,而市场化能够潜在地促进区域平衡发展,缓和区域经济差异。 相似文献
13.
基于HLM和GWR的汪清县农村贫困成因探究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
明确贫困成因是提高精准扶贫效率和稳定脱贫成效的基本前提。对偏远少数民族聚居区——吉林省汪清县农村贫困成因进行解析,采用多层线性模型(HLM)同时分析了家庭层次和环境层次因素对农村贫困家庭年纯收入的影响,并利用地理加权回归方法(GWR)探索了环境层次变量影响的空间异质性。研究结果显示： ① 汪清县贫困农户家庭层次因素对家庭年纯收入的影响强于环境层次因素,但环境层次因素的影响作用亦不可忽视; ② 剔除环境层次因素的影响后,绝大多数家庭层次因素对贫困家庭年纯收入存在显著影响; ③ 环境层次因素能够在不同程度上解释家庭层次因素影响效应的差异性; ④ 环境层次因素的影响在不同区域的作用方向和强度上存在显著差异。最后从村域发展环境、医疗就业、区域内部贫困差异方面提出改善建议。 相似文献
14.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):161-165
The role that space and place play in the construction of gender relations on different geographical scales is examined in this article. It is easy to identify national variations in the relation between sexes, and such comparisons are common. In many cases, the nation-state constitutes the level of analysis in gender-oriented studies. Comparative studies within nations are not so numerous. Nevertheless, geographical research has the potential to develop an analytical model capable of identifying the spatial dimension in gender constructions. A place-based approach visualises how local places shape gender relations and contribute to gender identities and understanding of men and women. This article shows how geographical analysis can be used to describe how physical and human geography interplay with economy, politics, religion, culture, etc., in the construction of gender contracts at a local level. Gender contracts are unwritten rules that regulate relations between sexes, and re-create and reform relations as everyday actions within the framework of these local structures. Together these various local contracts construct a regional structure. 相似文献
15.
中国省域展览业与经济相关关系及其空间溢出研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以中国展览业为例,立足于展览业和区域经济发展的空间分布特征,使用Moran’s I和Moran’s I散点图阐释展览业与区域经济之间的空间自相关性,分析纳入空间因素的空间计量经济模型相对于经典回归模型的优越程度,进而揭示展览业发展对区域经济的空间溢出效应。研究结果显示：① 中国展览业发展和区域经济水平在地理空间上分布都不均衡;② 展览业及区域经济皆呈现高高聚集（HH）、低低聚集（LL）两种空间聚集格局;③ 现阶段,中国展馆规模与区域经济之间存在正相关关系;④ SLM优于经典回归模型,展览业发展对区域经济存在显著的空间溢出效应,在展览经济预测研究中充分考虑区域经济增长过程中的空间效应十分必要。 相似文献
16.
河南省区域城乡关联度评价分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
至今为止的城乡关联研究并没有很好地讨论区域经济发展水平的影响.在建立相关指标体系的基础上,利用主成分分析方法对2004年的河南省各地区城乡关联性进行了评价,得出河南省的城乡关联与不同地区的经济发展水平之间存在着一定的对应关系.城乡关联程度可以分成4种类型,强关联型、较强关联型、一般关联型和较弱关联型.不同经济发展水平下地区的城乡关联演进机制表现不同,并表现出一定的经济空间结构形态.基于分析的结论,对不同水平的地区提出不同的城乡关联发展建议. 相似文献
17.
Zachary P. Taylor 《The Professional geographer》2017,69(3):472-485
I surveyed more than 1,700 Western Hemisphere mammal species ranges to identify, quantify, and examine patterns of disjunction at multiple taxonomic levels. Species that had disjunct populations (isolated by at least 500 km from other parts of the species range) were further analyzed using novel measures of disjunction by determining the distance to the disjunction and the relative area of disjunctions compared to the primary range area. Disjunction at this scale is rare (6.4 percent) in all terrestrial mammals but more common in bats (14.6 percent) than nonvolant mammals. Disjunctions are concentrated in six families, specifically Molossidae (31.5 percent disjunct), Didelphidae (24.7 percent disjunct), Felidae (28.6 percent disjunct), Vespertilionidae (15.3 percent disjunct), Emballonuridae (10.5 percent disjunct), and Phyllostomidae (10.4 percent disjunct). Geographically, 85 percent of disjunct mammal species have ranges that occur entirely or partially in South America. Geographic information systems analysis of species range maps is capable of identifying disjunct species and evaluating the severity of disjunctions. When compiled at the family level, these data suggest that species in certain families are more susceptible to disjunction. In some cases (e.g., species ranges separated by the Amazon rainforest), species-level data offer insight into the causes of disjunction. Study of species identified as disjunct in this study can inform conservation efforts by providing an opportunity to determine the characteristics that enable them to survive as isolated populations. 相似文献
18.
基于胡杨年轮重建黑河下游近100年春季径流量 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
在建立近100年来额济纳旗胡杨年轮年表的基础上,将标准年表(STD)的年轮宽度指数与黑河正义峡水文站径流量进行相关分析,结果表明年轮宽度指数与春季径流量负相关最显著,相关系数为-0.642。利用多元线性回归方程,重建了黑河下游(正义峡)近100年来的春季径流量,并用逐一剔除检验法进行了方程稳定性检验。统计检验参数表明估计序列与实测序列较为相近,残差缩减值RE和平均有效系数CE为0.419,乘积平均值t为4.949,符号检验超过95%的置信度,重建方程稳定可信。根据转换函数重建的近100年来春季径流量中,最大春季径流量为93.03m3/s,最小为37.99 m3/s。Morlet小波分析和功率谱周期分析表明,春季径流量存在3.3年的显著周期变化。 相似文献
19.
Deniz Cukur Sebastian Krastel Hans Ulrich Schmincke Mari Sumita Yama Tomonaga M. Namık Çağatay 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,52(3):201-214
Sediments of Lake Van, Turkey, preserve one of the most complete records of continental climate change in the Near East since the Middle Pleistocene. We used seismic reflection profiles to infer past changes in lake level and discuss potential causes related to changes in climate, volcanism, and regional tectonics since the formation of the lake ca. 600 ka ago. Lake Van’s water level ranged by as much as 600 m during the past ~600 ka. Five major lowstands occurred, at ~600, ~365–340, ~290–230, ~150–130 and ~30–14 ka. During Stage A, between about 600 and 230 ka, lake level changed dramatically, by hundreds of meters, but phases of low and high stands were separated by long time intervals. Changes in the lake level were more frequent during the past ~230 ka, but less dramatic, on the order of a few tens of meters. We identified period B1 as a time of stepwise transgressions between ~230 and 150 ka, followed by a short regression between ca. 150 and 130 ka. Lake level rose stepwise during period B2, until ~30 ka. During the past ~30 ka, a regression and a final transgression occurred, each lasting about 15 ka. The major lowstand periods in Lake Van occurred during glacial periods, suggesting climatic control on water level changes (i.e. greatly reduced precipitation led to lower lake levels). Although climate forcing was the dominant cause for dramatic water level changes in Lake Van, volcanic and tectonic forcing factors may have contributed as well. For instance, the number of distinct tephra layers, some several meters thick, increases dramatically in the uppermost ~100 m of the sediment record (i.e. the past ~230 ka), an interval that coincides largely with low-magnitude lake level fluctuations. Tectonic activity, highlighted by extensional and/or compressional faults across the basin margins, probably also affected the lake level of Lake Van in the past. 相似文献
20.
长三角地区研发企业集聚与知识溢出强度——连续空间中的微观分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用2005年中国规模以上制造业企业数据,以长三角地区为范围,对企业地址进行地理编码,建立企业点对点的空间邻近关系,将距离从5 km逐次扩大到100 km,进行企业知识溢出的空间效应分析。研究发现,长三角地区的研发企业比较集中,大约在20 km范围内有明显的集聚状况,之后则有比较明显的分散,并与整体制造业活动空间分布趋向一致。知识溢出的空间强度随距离递增呈负指数幂函数形式加速衰减,于40 km处左右减势趋于平缓。与连续空间上的微观数据分析相比,区域层面上的归并数据分析放大了知识溢出的效应。 相似文献