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1.
A number of different lahars have been recognized from a systematic survey of a mapping project. The high setting temperature feature of the deposits indicates a relationship between the lahar and the Millennium eruption event of Tianchi Volcano. The lahars caused a dramatic disaster. Recognize of the huge avalanche scars and deposits around Tianchi Volcano imply another highly destructive hazard. Three types of different texture of the avalanche deposits have been recognized. There was often magma mixing processes during the Millennium eruption of Tianchi Volcano, indicating a mixing and co-eruption regime of the eruption. 相似文献
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The huge comendite ignimbrite- forming eruption of Tianchi Volcano maintained a stable plinian column during its earlier stage of eruption, and succeeded a collapsing of the column producing pumiceous ignimbrite deposits. It is estimated that the column height (Hb) varied from 20km to 10km in its eruption period, with a maximum height of 25km in the eruption peak. Its umbrella cloud spread into the stratosphere with a top height of 35km (Ht). The dense lithics whose diameter exceeded 8cm followed a ballistics trajectory in a 3km - high gas thrust region, while the smaller lithics and pumices entered the convection region in the column. The initial magma temperature was 780℃. The comendite magma had an exit velocity of 300m/s, volatile content of about 1wt% and lithics of 8.5wt%. From a 400m - wide vent the magma was expelled out with a mass eruption rate of 108.36kg/s, corresponding to a volume rate of 104.95m3/s. Over 1. 3436 × 1019J of energy had been released from Tianchi Volcano, of which the kinetic proportion was about 8 %. The plume had a temperature of -50℃ at the base focus of the cloud and a upward speed of 215m/s. The cloud spread out at a gradually downspeed with the increasement of distance from its center. For example, at a distance of 25km from its center the spreading velocity is about 250m/s, and is about 60m/s at distance of 100km. The main part of the plinian column, that is the convection region, once occurred in the height between 3 to 25km, and its maximum width was about 13km in radius. 相似文献
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LIUGuo-ming ZHANGHeng-rong KONGQing-jun WUCheng-zhi GUOFeng ZHANGChao-fan 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(2):156-160
Tianchi Volcano is the largest potential erupticve volcano in China. Analyzing these data on seismic monitoring, deformation observation and water chemistry investigation gained from the Tianchi Volcano Observatory (TVO), the authors consider that the Tianchi Volcano is in going into a new flourishing time. 相似文献
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LIU Guo-ming ZHANG Heng-rong KONG Qing-jun WU Cheng-zhi GUO Feng ZHANG Chao-fan 《世界地质(英文版)》2004,7(2)
Tianchi Volcano is the largest potential erupticve volcano in China. Analyzing these data on seismic monitoring, deformation observation and water chemistry investigation gained from the Tianchi Volcano Observatory (TVO), the authors consider that the Tianchi Volcano is in going into a new flourishing time. 相似文献
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11 samples of lava and pumice from the cone of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano, Jiling, China, were dated by using high precision U - series TIMS method. We conclude that the bottom of the cone formed before 350 ka, the middle part in 70～80 ka, the upper during 20～ 1ka, and the top less than 1ka, and the age based periods of the volcano eruption since Late Pleistocene is given as follows: ＞ 350ka, 70ka, 18 ～ 25ka, 10ka, 4C5ka, 1～0.75ka, which may offer the basis for the study of volcanic disaster in future. In addition, the principle of dating young volcanic rocks by using U - series TIMS method is introduced briefly. Differentiation characteristics of U and Th in different minerals of the volcanic rocks are discussed, and the ability producing isochrons, based on U and Th differentiation, are discussed. In the last part of the paper,the closure of samples to the elements U and Th, which is important for age results, is discussed by using (234U/238U)radioactivity ratio which can be used to monitor if the samples have been weathered or eroded or leached since the time they formed. In this study, all samples have (234U/238U) activity ratios within 1% of secular equilibrium ((234U/238U) radioactivity ratios are unity), indicating no disturbance of the 234U- 238U system. All of these discussions show that the TIMS method is good to date Tianchi volcanics and the results are reliable. 相似文献
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LIU Guoming YANG Jingkui WANG Lijuan SUN Jicai .Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Observatory Antu Jilin China .Seismological Bureau of Jilin Province Changchun 《东北亚地学研究》2011,(1)
Changbaishan volcano is the largest potential eruptive volcano in China.In this paper,seismic activity,horizontal displacement,vertical displacement and the fluid geochemistry data acquiring from Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Observatory(TVO) in recent years are analyzed.The authors discussed the ability for the Changbaishan volcanic seismic monitoring and active level of Changbaishan volcano in recent years based on the fundamental monitoring results.The results show that Changbaishan volcano has experience... 相似文献
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Changbaishan volcano is the largest potential eruptive volcano in China.In this paper,seismic activity,horizontal displacement,vertical displacement and the fluid geochemistry data acquiring from Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano Observatory(TVO) in recent years are analyzed.The authors discussed the ability for the Changbaishan volcanic seismic monitoring and active level of Changbaishan volcano in recent years based on the fundamental monitoring results.The results show that Changbaishan volcano has experienced an unrest episode from 2002 to 2005,but its active level recovers to the background now. 相似文献
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Dian Fiantis Malik Nelson Eric Van Ranst Jusop Shamshuddin Nikolla P. Qafoku 《山地科学学报》2009,6(3):240-254
The Java Island, Indonesia with abundant amount of pyroclastic deposits is located in the very active and dynamic Pacific Ring of Fires. Studying the geochemical weathering indices of these pyroclastic deposits is important to get a clear picture about weathering profiles on deposits resulting from the eruption of Mt. Merapi. Immediately after the first phase of the eruption （March to June 2006）, moist and leached pyroclastic deposits were collected. These pyroclastic deposits were found to be composed of volcanic glass, plagioclase feldspar in various propoitions, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, olivine, amphibole and titanomagnetite. The total elemental composition of the bulk samples （including trace elements and heavy metals） was determined by wet chemical methods and X-ray fluorescence （XRF） analyses. Weathering of the pyroelastic deposits was studied using various weathering indices. The Ruxton ratio, weathering index of Parker, Vought resudual index and chemical index of weathering of moist pyroclastic deposits were lower than those of the leached samples, but the alteration indices （chemical and plagioclase） were slightly higher in the moist compared to the leached pyroelastic deposits. 相似文献
10.
丹池矿带中的银(金)矿物有银黝铜矿、辉银矿、深红银矿、辉锑银矿、脆银矿、“丹池矿”(新矿物)、银金矿、锑银矿、方全锑矿和银辉铋矿等10余种。硫化物和硫盐矿物中含次显微银和次显徽金。 相似文献
11.
根据40多个金矿床近200件铅同位素组成数据讨论了辽宁省主要金矿化集中区不同类型金矿床铅同位素组成特征。辽西地区不同类型金矿床铅同位素图解上呈线性排列构成二次等时线或混合线。线金厂、下大堡和五龙金矿田等各自集中分布形成独立的等铅域。而猫岭等浊积岩建造金矿床则具有正常铅同位素组成,故其模式年龄可以代表成矿年龄。除个别矿床外,辽宁省多数金矿球矿石铅及与其有关花岗岩类岩石铅皆源自再活化的下地壳或者为下地壳和上地幔的混熔产物。 相似文献
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《山地科学学报》2015,(6)
Avalanches are one of the most natural hazard in the mountain areas and therefore, identification of avalanche hazard is necessary for planning future development activities. The study area falls under the international boundary region which generally covered by the snow(38%) on high altitude regions of the western part of Himalayas. Avalanches are triggered in study area during snowfall resulting in loss of human life, property and moreover the transportation and communication affected by the debris which ultimately delays the relief measures. Therefore in this study three major causative parameters i.e terrain, ground cover and meteorological have been incorporated for the identification of avalanche hazard zones(AHZ) by integrating Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP) method in Geographical Information System(GIS). In the first part of study, avalanche sites have been identified by the criteria related to terrain(slope, aspect and curvature) and ground cover. Weights and ratings to these causative factors and their cumulative effects have been assigned on the basis of experience and knowledge of field. In the second part of the study, single point interpolation and Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) method has been employed as only one weather station falls in study area. Accordingly, it has been performed to generate the meteorological parameter maps(viz. air temperature and relative humidity) from the field observatories and Automatic Weather Stations(AWS) located at Baaj OP in Uri sector. Finally, the meteorological parameter maps were superimposed on the terrain-based avalanche hazard thematic layers to identify the dynamic avalanche hazard sites. Conventional weighted approach and Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP) method have been implemented for the identification of AHZ that shows approximately 55% area under maximum hazard zone. Further, the results were validated by overlapping the existing registered avalanche sites. The sites were identified through field survey and avalanche data card followed by its delineation from the toposheet(1:50,000 scale). Interestingly study found that 28% area under moderate and maximum AHZ correlated well with registered avalanche sites when they were overlapped. The accuracy for such works can be increased by field survey under favorable weather condition and by adding data from more number of AWS for predicting avalanche hazards in mountainous regions. 相似文献
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Jian-sheng Hao Fa-rong Huang Yang Liu Chukwudi Amanambu Amobichukwu Lan-hai Li 《山地科学学报》2018,15(7):1397-1411
Snow avalanche is a serious threat to the safety of roads in alpine mountains. In the western Tianshan Mountains, large scale avalanches occur every year and affect road safety. There is an urgent need to identify the characteristics of triggering factors for avalanche activity in this region to improve road safety and the management of natural hazards. Based on the observation of avalanche activity along the national road G218 in the western Tianshan Mountains, avalanche event data in combination with meteorological, snowpack and earthquake data were collected and analyzed. The snow climate of the mountain range was examined using a recently developed snow climate classification scheme, and triggering conditions of snow avalanche in different snow climate regions were compared. The results show that snowfall is the most common triggering factor for a natural avalanche and there is high probability of avalanche release with snowfall exceeding 20.4 mm during a snowfall period. Consecutive rise in temperature within three days and daily mean temperature reaching 0.5°C in the following day imply a high probability of temperaturerise-triggered avalanche release. Earthquakes have a significant impact on the formation of large size avalanches in the area. For the period 2011-2017, five cases were identified as a consequence of earthquake with magnitudes of 3.3≤M_L≤5.1 and source-to-site distances of 19~139 km. The Tianshan Mountains are characterized by a continental snow climate with lower snow density, lower snow shear strength and high proportion depth hoar, which explains that both the snowfall and temperature for triggering avalanche release in the continental snow climate of the Tianshan Mountains are lower than that in maritime snow climate and transitional snow climate regions. The findings help forecast avalanche release for mitigating avalanche disaster and assessing the risk of avalanche disaster. 相似文献
14.
Donald A. FRIEND 《山地科学学报》2005,2(3):181-192
Introduction Studies on microfabric and macrofabric are common, spanning from the sedimentology of fine grained rock to fabric analyses of glacial and periglacial deposits. These studies generally focus on one deposit that is all the same age. This study is unique in that identical measures of fabric were taken on a series of like deposits on the steep slopes (~25° to ~35°) of rhyolite domes in eastern California (Figures 1 and 2) whose maximum possible age stretches over a one-million-year… 相似文献
15.
Analyzing large prehistoric rock avalanches provides significant data for evaluating the disaster posed by these relatively infrequent but destructive geological events. This paper attempts to study the characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi granitic rock avalanche, in the middle of the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, 30 km to the south of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. In plane view, this rock avalanche is characterized by source area, accumulation area and dammed lake area. Based on previous studies, historical records and regional geological data, the major trigger of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche is considered to be a strong paleo-earthquake with tremendous energy. The in situ deposit block size distributions of the intact rock mass and the debris deposits are presented and analyzed by using a simple model for estimating the number of fragmentation cycles that the blocks underwent. The results show that the primary controlling factor of the fragmentation process is the pre-existing fractures, and there is a relationship between the potential energy and the fragmentation energy: the latter is approximately 20% of the former. Based on the dynamic discrete element technique, the study proposes a four-stage model for the dynamic course of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche:(1) failing;(2) highspeed sliding;(3) collision with obstacles;(4) decelerated sliding, which has implication for hazard assessment of the potential rock avalanches in China and other countries with similar geological setting. 相似文献
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浑南位于华北地台，辽东台背斜铁岭－靖宇古隆起西部。区内浑河断裂及次级苏子河断裂的多期次活动控制了岩浆活动、火山喷发，以及矿产的分布。浑南地区金成矿分布主要集中在南口前及三块石花岗岩体周围，形成了南口前地区以金矿化为主，三块石（下营子—马尔墩）一带以金、银多金属矿化为主的成矿演化序列。 相似文献
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长白山火山区几何形变的联合反演 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
应用长白山火山区的水准和GPS资料，采用Mogi源模型对火山区的压力源参数进行联合反演，并考虑天池火山南侧断层的影响，利用Okada的断层位错模型对长白山火山区近年来的主要活动区天池火山的地下岩浆的可能变化进行推测，得出以下结论：长白山天池火山浅层目前为单一的压力源，位置仍在天池老火山口一带；近几年岩浆上涌活动比较明显；天池南侧的北西向隐伏断裂有一定的活动性。 相似文献
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航空高光谱遥感金矿床定位模型及找矿应用——以甘肃北山柳园-方山口地区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高光谱遥感技术找矿应用是当前遥感地质领域研究的前缘和热点,国内外都在积极进行探索。本文利用核工业北京地质研究院遥感信息与图像分析技术国家级重点实验室的航空高光谱遥感成像系统（CASI/SASI/TASI）,采用甘肃柳园-方山口地区获取的高空间分辨率的高光谱遥感数据,开展了航空高光谱遥感金矿床定位模型及找矿应用研究。提出了航空高光谱遥感金矿床定位模型的构建思路,强调将目标（蚀变矿物及其组合）与背景（控制要素和成矿环境）相结合,而不是以往只重视蚀变信息,而忽视蚀变所处的地质环境;开拓出“矿床尺度的矿物精细填图技术”,并建立了工作流程,解决了建模的技术关键,明显提高了航空高光谱遥感技术在矿床范围内的填图效果。在此基础上,选择柳园-方山口地区5个各具特色的金矿床,构建了不同于其他地质勘查技术建立的5个矿床定位模式,属航空高光谱遥感矿床定位模式,为该区的高光谱遥感模式找矿奠定了基础。经对5个定位模式共性的地质分析,探讨了金矿床的形成过程,对该区的金矿床形成机理,从高光谱研究角度提出了新看法。运用所建立的定位模型,结合确立的金矿评价准则,开展了模式找矿工作,结果在柳园-方山口地区前人不知的盲区发现了3处值得进行深部探索的成矿有利地段,取得了明显的找矿效果。实践表明,航空高光谱遥感金矿床定位模型研究具有重要的理论意义和找矿价值。 相似文献