共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
《应用地球物理》2016,(3)
偏移成像是将由地下目标产生的地震数据归位到反射界面从而产生地下结构的像。但由于受到采集系统孔径、复杂上覆介质和成像目标倾角等因素的影响,成像结果常常是地下结构的畸变了的像。地震照明和分辨率分析为上述因素对地震成像结果的影响提供了定量的描述方法。点弥散函数中包含地震照明和分辨率分析的全部信息。染色算法建立地下某一特定结构与地震波场和地震数据之间的对应关系。本文利用染色算法计算点弥散函数并进一步获得角度域照明信息,同时通过点弥散函数与原始成像结果反卷积的方法对成像结果予以校正。展示了SEG盐丘模型的相关计算结果。染色算法为点弥散函数的计算及进行宽频带地震照明与分辨率分析提供了一种高效的计算工具。 相似文献
3.
受地下复杂构造和地震数据采集系统的影响，使地震波对地下目标的照明出现不均匀性，地震采集系统难以有效地获取地下某些目标的反射信息，进而使数据偏移成像在这些目标体上出现成像阴影. 根据波场和Green函数的窗口Fourier框架展开，利用角度域波动方程偏移成像和波动方程照明分析，并结合波动方程反演理论，提出一种角度域波动方程偏移成像阴影照明补偿方法. 这种补偿方法能同时考虑地震数据采集系统和波场传播路径对偏移成像的影响，消除复杂构造区的偏移成像阴影，改进波动方程叠前深度偏移成像在复杂构造区的成像效果. 相似文献
4.
5.
叠前深度偏移已成为近年来地震偏移成像领域广泛应用的技术之一,其中复杂盐丘下方目标区域结构的成像始终是偏移成像中较难解决的问题.局部角度域波场分解可以提供在空间和方向上的双重局部化信息,因而这一技术被广泛地应用在方向照明分析、成像振幅校正等方面.本文在采用局部指数标架小波束进行角度域方向照明分析的基础上,研究采集系统对复杂盐丘下部层状结构成像质量的影响;同时通过分析目标区对应于相对地表采集系统分布的照明能量,确定叠前炮集数据中对盐下目标区成像起重要贡献的部分,并将这些数据用来对目标区成像,从而达到提高盐下结构成像质量的目的.本文将二维SEG-EAGE盐丘模型中盐下反射体作为目标区,分别计算其照明分析和由照明能量分布确定的炮集数据对目标区的偏移成像结果,同时通过与成像振幅校正前后的成像结果对比,说明了该方法对提高目标区结构成像质量的有效性. 相似文献
6.
本文基于波场的局部平面波分解，得到空间和方向都具有局部性的局部平面波小波束，并由此对Fourier有限差分传播算子进行局部平面波分解.这种用小波束分解的单向传播算子，可被用来对采集系统进行定向照明分析和采集倾角响应估算，以分析采集系统布局和上覆结构对面向目标的叠前偏移成像质量的影响.进而，利用局部平面波成像矩阵及其成像相册，根据目标结构的主倾角方向，抽取并叠加部分局部平面波像，可以进行目标结构定向化特征成像.最后，对具有速度强横向变化上覆结构的陡倾角目标断层的复杂二维SEG-EAGE盐丘模型数据，进行采集系统目标照明分析和目标结构定向化特征成像. 相似文献
7.
8.
利用黏弹性人工边界和等效地震荷载时域波动输入方法,结合土层和半空间的精确动力刚度矩阵,实现了地震波斜入射下层状场地地下综合管廊地震反应分析,建立了不同场地条件下地下综合管廊分析模型。计算结果表明:地震波倾斜入射情况下,综合管廊结构地震响应与垂直入射时具有显著差异,一般SV波以30°临界角附近入射时结构地震反应最为剧烈;地下综合管廊动应力集中主要分布在管廊角部、中柱上下端;成层土波速结构变化对地下综合管廊地震反应亦具有显著影响。总体上看:当穿越软夹层时管廊结构地震反应更为剧烈,且覆盖层越厚,管廊结构内力幅值越大。因此地下综合管廊结构抗震设计宜考虑地震波倾斜入射及场地土层性质的影响。 相似文献
9.
10.
起伏的地表条件限制了采集孔径范围并造成深层地震照明不足,为改善该类地区的成像质量,本文提出了一种起伏地表条件下的照明补偿方法.首先,基于小波束波场延拓算子和逐步累加的外推方法在波场延拓过程中解决起伏地表面的影响,并引入空间滤波函数压制虚拟层内的偏移噪音;其次,利用局部指数标架对上、下行波场分解,得到局部角度域成像和照明补偿因子.再次,利用计算出的成像值和照明补偿因子,在局部倾角域完成照明补偿.SEG起伏地表模型测试证明了本方法的有效性,深层构造照明度明显加强,不同角度成像振幅更加均衡,该技术为提高起伏地表地区的成像品质提供了新的手段. 相似文献
11.
试图运用波场动力学途径,旨在增强观测系统分析评估,本文提出基于单程波方程的角度域照明分析方法.本文方法不仅可用于观测系统设计,对叠前成像资料的考量、叠前振幅补偿和AVA（Amplitude Versus Angle,振幅随角度变化）反演也必具重要的意义.文中通过目的层邻域单个绕射点的正、反传波场分析,给出地下目标的水平和倾斜界面随角度变化的成像照明强度.单程波方法可用于模拟地震波在复杂速度构造下的传播,并得到较准确的幅值和多次到达的波场,用以对绕射点正、反传分析时可在照明分析中简明地利用幅值信息和多次到达的波场.本文方法可显现复杂盖层下目标的照明情况.本文中也对照明能量随传播距离的几何扩散进行补偿,突显了角度域的照明均匀度和范围,从而使得所分析的结果可直接应用于AVA的分析及补偿.针对照明分析的特点,文中建议可用一种快速的单程波波场延拓策略——频率速度相关变步长波场深度延拓.数值实验结果表明了本文方法是可行且有效的. 相似文献
12.
Extending illumination using all multiples: application to 3D acquisition geometry analysis 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Recent advances in survey design have led to conventional common‐midpoint‐based analysis being replaced by subsurface‐based seismic acquisition analysis, with emphasis on advanced techniques of illumination analysis. Among them is the so‐called focal beam method, which is a wave‐equation‐based seismic illumination analysis method. The objective of the focal beam method is to provide a quantitative insight into the combined influence of acquisition geometry, overburden structure, and migration operators on the resolution and angle‐dependent amplitude fidelity of the image. The method distinguishes between illumination and sensing capability of a particular acquisition geometry by computing the focal source beam and the focal detector beam, respectively. Sensing is related to the detection properties of a detector configuration, whereas illumination is related to the emission properties of a source configuration. The focal source beam analyses the incident wavefield at a specific subsurface grid point from all available sources, whereas the focal detector beam analyses the sensing wavefield reaching at the detector locations from the same subsurface grid point. In the past, this method could only address illumination by primary reflections. In this paper, we will extend the concept of the focal beam method to incorporate the illumination due to the surface and internal multiples. This in fact complies with the trend of including multiples in the imaging process. Multiple reflections can illuminate a target location from other angles compared with primary reflections, resulting in a higher resolution and an improved illumination. We demonstrate how an acquisition‐related footprint can be corrected using both the surface and the internal multiples. 相似文献
13.
Directional‐oriented wavefield imaging: a new wave‐based subsurface illumination imaging condition for reverse time migration 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The key objective of an imaging algorithm is to produce accurate and high‐resolution images of the subsurface geology. However, significant wavefield distortions occur due to wave propagation through complex structures and irregular acquisition geometries causing uneven wavefield illumination at the target. Therefore, conventional imaging conditions are unable to correctly compensate for variable illumination effects. We propose a generalised wave‐based imaging condition, which incorporates a weighting function based on energy illumination at each subsurface reflection and azimuth angles. Our proposed imaging kernel, named as the directional‐oriented wavefield imaging, compensates for illumination effects produced by possible surface obstructions during acquisition, sparse geometries employed in the field, and complex velocity models. An integral part of the directional‐oriented wavefield imaging condition is a methodology for applying down‐going/up‐going wavefield decomposition to both source and receiver extrapolated wavefields. This type of wavefield decomposition eliminates low‐frequency artefacts and scattering noise caused by the two‐way wave equation and can facilitate the robust estimation for energy fluxes of wavefields required for the seismic illumination analysis. Then, based on the estimation of the respective wavefield propagation vectors and associated directions, we evaluate the illumination energy for each subsurface location as a function of image depth point and subsurface azimuth and reflection angles. Thus, the final directional‐oriented wavefield imaging kernel is a cross‐correlation of the decomposed source and receiver wavefields weighted by the illuminated energy estimated at each depth location. The application of the directional‐oriented wavefield imaging condition can be employed during the generation of both depth‐stacked images and azimuth–reflection angle‐domain common image gathers. Numerical examples using synthetic and real data demonstrate that the new imaging condition can properly image complex wave paths and produce high‐fidelity depth sections. 相似文献
14.
Unequal illumination of the subsurface highly impacts the quality of seismic imaging. Different image points receive different folds of reflection‐angle illumination, which can be caused by irregular acquisition or by wave propagation in complex media. Illumination problems can deteriorate amplitudes in migrated images. To address this problem, we present a method of stacking angle‐domain common‐image gathers, in which we use local similarity with soft thresholding to determine the folds of local illumination. Normalization by local similarity regularizes local illumination of reflection angles for each image point of the subsurface model. This approach compensates for irregular illumination by selective stacking in the image space, regardless of the cause of acquisition or propagation irregularities. Additional migration is not required because the methodology is implemented in the reflection angle domain after migration. We use two synthetic examples to demonstrate that our method can normalize migration amplitudes and effectively suppress migration artefacts. 相似文献
15.
基于反射波动方程,本文提出了一种估计地下反射率分布的地震数据最小二乘偏移方法.高频近似下,非齐次的一次反射波动方程的源项是由反射率与入射波场的时间一阶导数相互作用产生的.根据反射波动方程,利用线性最小二乘反演方法由地震反射数据重建出地下产生反射波的反射源,再结合波场正演计算出的地下入射波场,得到地下反射率分布的估计.在地下反射源的线性最小二乘反演重建中,我们采用迭代求解方法,并以地震波的检波器单向地下照明强度作为最小二乘优化问题中Hessian矩阵的近似. 相似文献
16.
控制照明与面向目标成像的观测系统设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Liu Shouwei Geng Jianhua Feng Wei 《应用地球物理》2005,2(4):230-234
常规地震观测系统设计方法基于地下水平层 状介质的假设,通常不能适应复杂构造情况。我们 从控制照明的思想出发,提出了一种面向目标成像 的地震观测系统设计方法,该方法需要一个由初步 地震解释得到的速度模型。利用单程傅立叶有限差 分波场传播算子将目标层的平面源延拓到地表,通 过分析从目标层延拓到地表的波场能量的分布,可 以确定目标层成像所需要的炮点或者检波点的位置。 利用SEG-EAGE盐丘模型数值试算结果表明,该方法 用于设计面向目标成像的特定地震采集系统。 相似文献