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1.
Bauxite deposits of Mainpat Plateau Surguja District, India, are composed of kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite, anatase, and bohemite. Quartz and micas are absent in the samples. The presence of boehmite and goethite are evidences of intense weathering during the formation of the bauxite deposits. The Mainpat Plateau is a mesa landform, at an elevation of around 1,060 m from msl in comparison to the general elevation of 580, consisting of Archaeans (granite?gneisses, phyllite, etc.) at the base, Gondwanas and Deccan basalt, and at the top having a cover of laterite and bauxite. The extremely high values of the chemical index of alteration, and the low values of the alkali metals and alkali earth metals, support an intense weathering origin for the bauxite deposit. There is evidence of deposition in the deposits based on the presence of pisoids in the bauxite samples and the composition of the parent rock. Kaolin minerals were first produced by the hydrolytic weathering of aluminous sediments and then gibbsite was formed as early kaolin was desilicated. The bauxite is having high TiO2 up to 17 %. The Mainpat laterite/bauxite deposits are characterized by having 50?58 % average Al2O3 and 10?30 % Fe2O3.  相似文献   

2.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1999,63(23-24):3939-3957
A simple geochemical balance of lateritization processes governing the development of several tens of meters of weathering profiles overlain by ferricretes is estimated on the basis of detailed mineralogical and geochemical data. The lateritic weathering mantle of the “Haut–Mbomou” area in Central Africa is composed of different weathering layers described from the base to the top of vertical profiles as a saprolite, a mottled clay layer, a soft nodular layer, a soft ferricrete, and a ferricrete in which kaolinite, gibbsite, goethite, and hematite occur in various quantities. Incongruent dissolution of kaolinite leads to the formation of gibbsite in the upper saprolite, whereas the hematite does not clearly replace the kaolinite according to an epigene process in the upper ferruginous layers of the profiles. Instead, that kaolinite is also transformed into gibbsite according to an incongruent dissolution under hydrated and reducing conditions induced by a relatively humid climatic pattern. The respective relations of the silica, iron, and aluminum balances and the Al substitution rate of the hematite on the one hand, and of RHG [RHG = 100 (hematite/hematite + goethite)] and the kaolinite on the other hand, to the consumption or the release of protons H+ permit differentiation of aggrading ferruginization and degradation processes operating in the different lateritic weathering profiles. The Al substitution rate of the Fe–oxyhydroxides varies according to the nature of lateritization processes, e.g., saprolitic weathering and aggrading ferruginization vs. degradation. The observations and results indicate that the ferruginization process of the weathering materials of parent rocks is not a simple ongoing process as often thought. This suggests that the actual lateritic weathering mantle of the Haut–Mbomou area may result from different stages of weathering and erosion during climatic changes.  相似文献   

3.
The intra- and epicontinental basins in north-east Africa (Egypt, Sudan) bear ample evidence of weathering processes repeatedly having contributed to the formation of mineral deposits throughout the Phanerozoic.The relict primary weathering mantle of Pan-African basement rocks consists of kaolinitic saprolite, laterite (in places bauxitic) and iron oxide crust. On the continent, the reaccumulation of eroded weathering-derived clay minerals (mainly kaolinite) occurred predominantly in fluvio-lacustrine environments, and floodplain and coastal plain deposits. Iron oxides, delivered from ferricretes, accumulated as oolitic ironstones in continental and marine sediments. Elements leached from weathering profiles accumulated in continental basins forming silcrete and alunite or in the marine environment contributing to the formation of attapulgite/saprolite and phosphorites.The Early Paleozoic Tawiga bauxitic laterite of northern Sudan gives a unique testimony of high latitude lateritic weathering under global greenhouse conditions. It formed in close spatial and temporal vicinity to the Late Ordovician glaciation in north Africa. The record of weathering products is essentially complete for the Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary. From the continental sources in the south to the marine sinks in the north, an almost complete line of lateritic and laterite-derived deposits of bauxitic kaolin, kaolin, iron oxides and phosphates is well documented.  相似文献   

4.
铝土矿是化学风化作用的细粒终极产物,与强烈的化学风化作用密切相关。根据母岩的类别及作用过程,风化作用进一步分为铝硅酸盐岩强化学风化形成的红土化作用和碳酸盐岩强化学风化形成的钙红土化作用。在强烈的化学风化过程中,地表的原始沉积物(母岩)的原生矿物发生溶蚀、水解、水化、碳酸化、氧化,破坏原始的矿物结构,形成新的细粒矿物(主要是黏土质矿物)。在适合的地质条件下,持续的强烈化学风化作用会造成大部分活动的元素(如K、Na、Ca、Mg、Si)的流失与Al的残留富集从而形成铝土矿。现在观察到的沉积型铝土矿,虽然与古风化壳具有密切联系,但沉积型铝土矿多数是由沉积过程搬运到沉积盆地中所形成的强化学风化产物的沉积层,与古风化壳的残坡积层具有显著差别,只有少数工业价值不大(品位低、品质差)的残坡积相铝土矿。铝土矿含矿岩系的沉积环境与铝土矿(尤其是高品位、高品质的铝土矿)的成矿环境不尽相同。铝土矿主要形成于暴露于大气中的陆表环境(而非水下环境),由地下水淋滤作用形成(在渗流带由活动元素流失、Al等稳定元素残留富集而成)。本研究在铝土矿成矿作用分析等基础上,提出了以铝土矿沉积物等物源和沉积、成矿作用为依据的中国铝土矿床分类方案,包括原地或准原地残坡积物成因的红土型和喀斯特型,和异地物源沉积成因的沉积型。  相似文献   

5.
Bauxite is the ultimate fine-grained products of chemical weathering,and thus it is closely linked with the intense chemical weathering. Based on variations of parent rock and weathering processes,the weathering products can be subdivided into laterite and terra rossa,of which the former is formed by weathering of aluminosilicates and the latter is produced by the weathering of carbonates. During the intense chemical weathering,minerals in original subaerial sediments(parent rocks)would suffer a series of processes(dissolution,hydrolyzation,hydration,carbonation,and oxidation)and be destroyed or transformed,leading to formation of new minerals. In the favorable environment,continuously intense chemical weathering would cause the loss of most mobile elements(e.g., K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si)and the enrichment of Al,resulting in the formation of bauxite. Although sedimentary bauxites are closely linked with the weathering curst,they show obvious differences in formation processes. Sedimentary bauxites are composed of intense chemical weathering products that are transported from outside of the basin and re-deposited in the basin,while most weathering crusts are transformed from saprolite and/or deluvium in-situ,and they can only form low-grade bauxites. Sedimentary environments also differ in bauxite ore layers and bauxitic claystone layers. Bauxite ore layers are formed in the subaerial environment and controlled by the leaching process of groundwater in the vadose zone. Based on the analysis of bauxitization,this study proposes to use multiple parameters,such as provenance,sedimentation and mineralization,to build the new classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. In this classification,lateritic and karstic types of bauxite deposits are autochthonous or parautochthonous saprolite and/or deluvium,while sedimentary type is dominated by heterochthonous provenance.  相似文献   

6.
In a lateritic bauxite formed by weathering of nepheline syenite at Passa Quatro, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, bauxites on the hill-tops directly develop from the syenite bed-rock, while downslope, a kaolinitic layer occurs between bauxite and synetie. A petrological investigation was performed on undisturbed weathered rock samples collected from a representative upslope pit. The undisturbed weathered rocks were chemically analysed for major trace elements including REE and Zr. Mass balance calculations were applied, and the behaviour of the REE in the Passa Quatro weathering system was established compared to REE reference chondrite and to REE reference parent rock. In the lateritic bauxite, the results suggest that the first stages of weathering induce a volumetric change of 50%, i.e. collapse, with respect to the parent rock, and remove REE with a slightly larger loss of the LREE, except Ce, compared to the HREE. In the upper layers, where bauxite is more mature, a net mass gain in REE is observed relative to the underlying layers. This gain takes place during the reduction of the upper layer during the downward progression of the weathering front. Very significant REE losses occurs during the bauxitization processes throughout the upslope profile. In addition, the downslope kaolinitic system is demonstrated to be depleted in REE in the same proportions as the upslope bauxite. We proposed that the REE exported in solution from the whole weathering mantle have enriched neighbouring watershed sediments.  相似文献   

7.
The Cenozoic evolution history of Guizhou Province, which is located on the southeastern flank of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is unclear because of the lack of sedimentation records. The red weathering crusts widespread on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau may bear critical information about their evolution history. This work firstly determined the ages of four red weathering crusts in eastern, central and northern Guizhou. The material used in fission track dating is well-crystallized quartz occurring in many in-situ weathering crusts of carbonate rocks. The results showed that the fission track ages of quartz vary over a wide range from 1 to 25 Ma in the four profiles, significantly younger than the ages of the Triassic and Cambrian parent rocks. In combination with the evolution history of the regional geology during the period from 25 to 1 Ma, the ages of quartz can exclude the possibility that the origin of quartz has nothing to do with primary clastic minerals in parent rocks, authigenesis during diagenesi  相似文献   

8.
菲律宾西萨马省铝土矿基本地质特征及成矿机理初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
戴晓彬 《矿产与地质》2005,19(4):394-397
研究认为,西萨马省铝土矿具有相似的基本地质特征与相同的成矿要素与机理,其成矿机理为：风化破碎的高铝中基性岩搬运至附近的岩溶洼地,热带海洋季风气候的湿热环境植被发育,微生物滋生,微生物腐蚀岩石产生有机酸-弱酸不断淋滤洼地堆积物,使硅质活化迁移而铁铝富集形成红土型三水铝土矿.  相似文献   

9.
Laterite occurs extensively over the crystalline and sedimentary rocks in the midland and lowland areas of south Kerala, India. Two lateritization cycles are identified in this area. Large, good-quality kaolin deposits, composed mostly of kaolinite, are characteristic of the sedimentary sequence in south Kerala. These deposits were formed on deposition of the weathering materials of the khondalites towards the first cycle of lateritization. After deposition and uplift of the sedimentary rocks, another lateritization cycle affected these, as well as the khondalites during pre-Quaternary times with the formation of a planation surface at 25–125 m above sea level having thick laterite profiles. The laterite profiles over the kaolin deposits show higher concentration of Fe-oxides (mostly in the form of hematite) and titania, compared to their concentration in the kaolins. Higher contents of Cr and Ni are also characteristic of the laterite over kaolin deposits. Recrystallization of the kaolinite, appearance of Al, Fe and Si amorphous phases in the kaolin clays and partial removal of Fe and Ti from them are attributed to the second lateritization cycle.  相似文献   

10.
Warm and humid climate and gentle hilly topography have provided favourable conditions for the devel-opment of the weathering crust of the granite intrusions in the Longnan area, Jiangxi Province. REE is mostlyconcentrated in an adsorption state in clay in the wholly weathered zone. The rare-earth minerals enriched inthe parent rocks provided the source material for the REE enrichment. Exchangeable REE accounts for48-86%. Extraction experiments and stable isotopic study of clay minerals suggest that the downward infiltra-tion of meteoric water and increasing gradient of pH values have played an important role in the enrichment ofREE during the progressive weathering. Slight fractionation of individual REE can not change their distribu-tion patterns in the profiles. which are inherited from the parent rocks.  相似文献   

11.
贵州碳酸盐岩红色风化壳次生石英的裂变径迹测年研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  
贵州位于青藏高原东南缘,由于缺乏沉积记录其新生代的地质演化历史还不很明晰,而广泛分布于云贵高原的碳酸盐岩红色风化壳可能蕴涵着重要的地质演化信息.本文对贵州多个原位碳酸盐岩红色风化壳中产出的晶体形态较好的石英进行了裂变径迹方法测年.结果显示,石英的裂变径迹年龄数据呈现出较大的变化范围,从 1 Ma到 25 Ma,且远远地小于其三叠纪和寒武纪的母岩年龄;结合贵州 25 Ma到 1 Ma的区域地质演化历史,裂变径迹年龄值可以排除石英来源于母岩碎屑、成岩过程的次生形成以及火山活动产生的热水沉淀或交代形成的可能性,而只能推断为该晶体形态较好的石英于碳酸盐岩风化作用产生的富硅流体中沉淀形成;各剖面石英的年龄值与新生代的青藏高原夷平期、华南红土期、贵州构造稳定期乃至世界范围内的风化气候期有着良好的对应关系,说明次生石英裂变径迹测年具有很好的可行性和可靠性.  相似文献   

12.
The Minim-Martap plateau bauxite deposit, located between the Minim and the Martap villages, is one of the 11 plateaus within the Minim-Martap bauxite region. The plateau has an elevation of 1294 m above sea level, with three to more 30 m thickness of bauxite horizon. These plateaus were formed as result of supergene weathering of volcanic rocks occurring as dissected flow basalt landscapes that form relatively flat plateau rising steeply from the surrounding granites. The bauxite deposit of the plateau is lateritic, with the surface of the plateau been completely covered by indurated caps. Seventeen bauxite samples were collected from the plateau and prepared for geochemical analysis. Whole rock analysis was carried out using the X-ray Fluorescence technique and ICP-MS was used for trace elements investigation. Statistical analysis reveals that average values of Al2O3 (54.87%), Fe2O3 (7.17%), SiO2 (2.44%), and TiO2 (4.54%) indicate the plateau bauxite deposit is an of a world class standard with very little impurities compared to the standard major element contents of bauxite (>?40% A12O3, less than <?20% Fe2O3, and less than <?8% combined SiO2). Abundant trace elements include Zr, Ce, Sr, V, Ba, La, Nd, Ga, and Nb. Weathering due to chemical alteration indices using the Ruxton ratio and CIA approaches revealed the plateau have undergone intense weathering process that formed the bauxite deposit. Three different classification systems indicate it as a low iron-rich bauxite deposit. Precursor rock investigation indicates the origin of the bauxite is mafic, basaltic andesite igneous rocks with intermediate pH (basic–acidic characteristic).  相似文献   

13.
滇东南铝土矿成矿物质来源探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
滇东南含铝岩系为上二叠统吴家坪组（龙潭组）底部和第四系,铝土矿床类型分原生沉积型和第四系岩溶红土堆积型两大类,成矿物质分别来源于峨眉山大火成岩省的基性玄武岩的风化、剥蚀、淋沥所形成的含铝土矿碎屑-红土物质,以及邻近的原生沉积型铝土矿的风化残积、残坡积。  相似文献   

14.
The major sources of cassiterite in Nigeria are the alluvial and eluvial deposits from the biotite granites within the Jurassic alkaline ring complex (the Younger Granites) of the Jos Plateau. Less than 5% of the total production has been recovered from pegmatites within the largely Precambrian basement complex consisting of migmatites, gneisses, the Pan-African (Older) Granites and pegmatites, but with the rapidly depleting reserves of the former source new reserves have to be found.This study presents the first report on an important new source of cassiterite in basement-complex gneisses, migmatites, pegmatites and aplites in the Gurum area near Jos. The cassiterite, which has been economically concentrated by the leaching and weathering of these rocks, is generally finer grained and darker than the alluvial cassiterite derived from the Jurassic biotite granites. This new find has important petrogenetic and economic implications, suggesting that the basement complex could be a suitable parent rock for the Younger Granites and a significant potential source of cassiterite in Nigeria.  相似文献   

15.
Mineralization with exchangeable rare earth element (REE) and yttrium (MEX-REY) has been recognized in the weathering profiles in South China since the early 1970's. This type of REY mineralization occurs in weathering profiles of parent rocks ranging in composition from granite to acidic volcanic rocks and lamprophyre. The majority of the known resources occurring in the weathering profiles of granitic rocks. Total resources of this type of REY amount to millions tons of rare earth oxides, and therefore represent one of the most important types of rare earth resources in China, particularly for heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and yttrium.Accumulation of REY in the weathering profiles of granitic rocks is strongly controlled by the resistance to weathering of the principal REY-bearing accessory minerals in the parent rocks; only a limited proportion of total REY (< 30%) is incorporated in the rock-forming minerals. MEX-REY more commonly occur in weathering profiles developed on granitic rocks within which most of the REY are incorporated in accessory minerals weakly resistant to weathering (doverite, parisite, etc.). For the well-developed weathering profiles, three horizons can be distinguished from surface downwards: the lateritic horizon (A), the weathered horizon (B), and the weathering front (C). Continuous leaching, coupled with low rate of denudation, results in the accumulation of REY in the subsurface horizons (the B and C horizons), and thus results in REE differentiation within the well-developed, layered, and mature weathering profiles. Exchangeable REY, which can be replaced by cations like NH4+ and Na+ etc. in electrolyte solutions and can be removed by complexing agents such as EDTA, are commonly the major form of REE occurrence in the B horizon. Cerium is enriched in the top layer (A horizon) and depleted in the subsurface horizons of the weathering profiles, most likely due to the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) followed by cerianite formation or absorption onto clays and/or Fe and Al oxyhydroxides.  相似文献   

16.
Nickel laterites and bauxites, including their proposed parent rocks from the Mesozoic of Greece, have been investigated by means of mineralogical and geochemical methods. The results are discussed in order to recognize the genetic sequence which comprises: pre-lateritic alteration and reworking of ophiolites and associated rocks, lateritic in-situ weathering, reworking and redeposition of the alteration products in an epicontinental transition environment, and post-depositional events affecting the mineralogical and geochemical properties.The ultramafic massifs of the Euboea and Locris area, i.e. the parent rocks of the Ni---Fe deposits, are primarily harzburgites which represent the erosional outliers of a probable “complete” ophiolitic nappe that were transformed to a monomineralic lizarditite. Xenoliths of basic and sedimentary rocks are included in the serpentine matrix of the basal tectonic melange. Lateritic Ni---Fe deposits resting as in-situ alterites on ophiolites or as mechanically reworked laterite detritus, either on serpentinite or karstified limestone, are mainly derived from serpentinites. The ore deposits in the Locris area have been affected by a strong supergene epigenetic overprint, mainly resulting in a downward Ni redistribution and enrichment. A continuous transition from karstic Ni---Fe deposits towards bauxitic material in a southern direction is interpreted as sedimentary admixture of weathering products of different origin.The three bauxite horizons B1, B2 and B3 and their satellite horizons are intercalated in epicontinental shallow-water limestones within an Upper Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous sequence. A karstic surface (unconformity) forms the substratum of these bauxite horizons.Similar to nickel laterites on karst, the detrital parent material was transported from a terrestrial hinterland by widely ramified river systems into a brackish lagoonal or marine environment from a northeastern to southwestern direction. Colloidal matter, fine muds and coarse material were deposited on a karst topography in mechanical traps by successive debris flows during cycles of emersion and marine regressions.Diagenesis resulted in (a) leaching of silica and iron under partly reducing conditions, and (b) recrystallization of iron minerals and neoformation of Al minerals, i.e. boehmite and/or diaspore. During tectonic subsidence and early marine transgression a strong supergene-epigenetic downward mobilization of Fe, Mn and associated elements took place. They were reprecipitated near the footwall in chemical traps.Bauxites of all horizons originate from serpentinites as well as from metamorphic and magmatic rocks. This is indicated by a high content of siderophile elements and lithic components. The sequences of regression and transgression and their erosional, sedimentary and geochemical processes are interpreted as cyclic events.  相似文献   

17.
Based on 3439 detrital zircon U-Pb datapoints collected from the bauxite deposits of China and 297 detrital zircon U-Pb datapoints from underlying clastic rocks,this study reviews the recent progress in the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of bauxite deposits in China. Stability assessment of zircon grains in modern tropical weathering profiles proves the chemical and physical stability during the and intense weathering and bauxitization,which makes zircon become a good provenance indicator. Sedimentary provenance study of bauxite deposits in China indicates that even the bauxite deposit developed on the carbonate rocks,there was still considerable input of the weathering aluminosilicate materials. Previous classifications of bauxite deposit are mainly based on the lithology of basement rock and features of ore body,applications of these classifications will cause ambiguities and uncertainties. For widespread parautochthonous and allochthonous detrital zircon grains within Chinese bauxite deposits,parautochthonous and allochthonous criterion is invalid in classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. Here we suggest that the bauxite study requires a new classification of ore deposit,which should consider the weathering process of bauxite deposits as well as the position of bauxite deposit in the sedimentological framework. Although detrital zircon study provides important constrains for the provenance of bauxite deposits,combination of regional geological background and the geochemical characteristics are still essential for the comprehensive cognition of source materials.  相似文献   

18.
通过收集、整理和分析来自中国20个铝土矿床/矿点的3439个碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄数据以及297个来自铝土矿沉积下伏碎屑岩基底的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄数据,对近年来中国铝土矿床的碎屑锆石年代学研究进展进行了综述。对现代热带地区红土剖面中锆石矿物稳定性评估认为在强化学风化条件下锆石颗粒仍然能保持化学与物理的稳定性,因此锆石是铝土矿沉积中良好的物源指示物。对中国铝土矿沉积物源研究表明,即使是形成在碳酸盐岩基底上的铝土矿,其中仍有大量硅铝酸盐沉积物风化产物的加入。此前的铝土矿床分类体系,多依照基岩岩性与矿体形态结构特征进行分类,在使用时可能会造成分类的模糊性与不确定性。中国铝土矿沉积中广泛存在指示准原地及异地成因的碎屑锆石组分,使用原地/异地指标也无法进行有效区分。基于以上原因,建议在考虑铝土矿分类方案时,除考虑铝土矿的风化产物属性外,还应对其作为沉积物/沉积岩的属性加以考量,新的铝土矿床分类方案是当前铝土矿研究中亟待解决的问题。此外,铝土矿的碎屑锆石年代学研究虽然为铝土矿物源研究提供了重要约束,但仍然需要结合区域地质背景及地球化学研究来提供更全面的铝土矿物源信息。  相似文献   

19.
Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al2O3 (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu1 values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H2S, H2SO4, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe3+ to its easily migrating form Fe2+, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS2, FeCO3, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite.  相似文献   

20.
The Lower Jurassic section at Makhtesh Ramon, in the northeastern Negev of Israel, comprises a sequence of fluviatile sediments of laterite composition. Post-depositional chemical weathering has resulted in marked facies changes whereby the clastic sequence passes laterally into high-alumina flint clays and bauxites (Goldbery, 1979). A geochemical and mineralogical investigation was initiated on 216 samples from several key sections of the facies change to obtain a more refined definition of the diagenetic overprint, to reconstruct the history of chemical weathering and finally to recognize the parent material of the unaltered laterite sediments.Results are presented herein on major and trace-element composition, normative mineralogical composition, kaolinite crystallinity and porosity and density measurements. Kaolinite crystallinity values proved to be a good indicator of intensity of leaching, showing a marked decline in ordering with increase of diagenetic reorganization. On the basis of mineralogical parameters it was possible to subdivide the section of flint clays and bauxites, generated under karstic conditions, into four units. Bivariate plots of Al2O3 vs. several elements within the section, plotted into four distinctive fields coinciding with the subdivision. Enrichment/depletion ratios, calculated from the element concentrations within these flint clays against element concentrations of the clastic parent material of the karstic infill, led to the reconstruction of a multi-cyclic leaching event, whose “signature” is left in each of the four units. At least 3 individual episodes of leaching, related to a rising water table and punctuated by “still-stands” could be recognized.Zr/TiO2: Nb/Y plots of stable elements, using the diagram of Floyd and Winchester (1978) for determination of source rocks, indicated a rhyolite or alkaline rhyolite provenance for the clastic laterite detritus.  相似文献   

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